• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Recently, The new Injury Severity Score (NISS) has become a more accurate predictor of mortality than the traditional Injury Severity Score (ISS) in the trauma population. Trauma Score Injury Severity Score (TRISS) method, regarded as the gold standard for mortality prediction in trauma patients, still contains the ISS as an essential factor within its formula. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a simple modification of the TRISS by replacing the ISS with the NISS would improve the prediction of in-hospital mortality in a trauma population with blunt head and neck trauma. Objects and Methods: The study population consisted of 641 patients from a regional emergency medical center in Kyoungsangnam-do. Demographic data, clinical information, the final diagnosis, and the outcome for each patient were collected in a retrospective manner. the ISS, NISS, TRISS, and modified TRISS were calculated for each patients. The discrimination and the calibration of the ISS, NISS, modified TRISS and conventional TRISS models were compared using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, areas under the ROC curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics. Results: The AUC of the ISS, NISS, modified TRISS, and conventional TRISS were 0.885, 0.941, 0.971, and 0.918 respectively. Statistical differences were found between the ISS and the NISS (p=0.008) and between the modified TRISS and the conventional TRISS (p=0.009). Hosmer-Lemeshow chi square values were 13.2, 2.3, 50.1, and 13.8, respectively; only the conventional TRISS failed to achieve the level of and an excellent calibration model (p<0.001). Conclusion: The modified TRISS is a more accurate predictor of in-hospital mortality than the conventional TRISS in a trauma population of blunt head and neck trauma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.737-741
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the expression pattern of CD 18(leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein) in ischemia-reperfusion injury of TRAM flap of rats. Through this study, we can obtain more information about ischemia-reperfusion injury. We want to develop specific medicine to improve the survival rate of TRAM flap in the future. Methods: A TRAM flap supplied by a single pedicle superior epigastric artery and vein was elevated on 60 Sprauge-Dawley rats. The rats were divide into 6 groups (each group n=10); Group O: sham, no ischemia-reperfusion injury, Group I: 2 hour reperfusion after 4 hour ischemia, Group II: 4 hour reperfusion after 4 hour ischemia, Group III: 8 hour reperfusion after 4 hour ischemia, Group IV: 12 hour reperfusion after 4 hour ischemia, and Group V: 24 hour reperfusion after 4 hour ischemia. This study consisted of gross examination for flap survival and flow cytometry study of CD18 on neutrophils. Results: The gross measurement of the flap showed different survival rate in group I(71%), II(68%), III(37%), IV(34%) and V(34%). All experimental groups showed an increase in the expression of CD18 compared to group O. The expression of CD18 was rapidly increased in ascending order in group I, II and III. But, the expression of CD18 was maintained in group IV and V. Conclusion: The results can be implemented in the study to develop drugs which are capable of reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in microsurgical breast reconstruction.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide information on driving characteristics in persons with spinal cord injury through basic statistic analysis of the survey results. The survey was administered to 44 drivers with spinal cord injury. The subjects' general, neurologic and driving characteristics were analyzed, as well as the degree of difficulty in using their vehicles between tetraplegia and paraplegia. The results were as follows: thirty-five (79.6%) of forty-four respondents was men. The average age was 35.0 years old and the age at the time of injury was 29.0 years old. Their neurologic characteristics were tetraplegics 12 (27.3%) and paraplegics 32 (72.2%). Among complete lesions, the highest level those who could drive independently was C7. All the vehicles were equipped with special devices, including "power steering", "automatic transmission" and "hand controls". The vehicles for cervical cord injury were equipped with "grip bars" as well as for the degree of difficulty in using their vehicles, all the subjects felt that "moving the wheelchair in and out of their vehicles" was too difficult for them to do. We suggest that the driver training should be an essential part of the rehabilitation program for patients with spinal cord injuries to maximize their mobility in the community. This training seems to be essential in order to modify the standards of the Handicapped Drivers Ability Test and to aid the driver rehabilitation program in the health insurance payment system. Also, the driver rehabilitation training program should include instruction in that moving wheelchairs in and out of vehicles.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This qualitative study is aimed to explore the factors in the aspect of the community that made it difficult for field experts to conduct counseling and case management. Methods: A total of four focus group interviews composed of 15 field experts including nurses were conducted. Results: A theme, six categories and 22 subcategories were derived. As for the theme, it was found that legal, educational, and environmental systems reflecting non-suicidal self-injury of the characteristics in adolescents were insufficient. In the legal aspect, the defect of the parental education legal system, the reality of having to rely on parental consent when supporting adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury; in the educational aspect, the lack of manuals and education for counseling and case management for adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury; in the environmental aspects, the defect of economic burden and support, a lack of information systems for various organizations in the local community, absence of a dedicated support system for adolescent with non-suicidal self-injury and a lack of human and physical resources. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there needs to be a responsible institution that can comprehensively manage the non-suicidal self-injury of adolescents, and efforts to develop the competence of community nurses.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.112-116
• /
• 2011

Objectives: To inform the clinical features of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and study traditional Korean medicine (TKM)-based strategies or therapeutics. Methods: A female patient with hepatitis after long term use of medication for cold symptoms was treated with Oriental therapies, after which the clinical outcome was evaluated by serum biochemical parameters and ultrasonography. Results: Clinical and biochemical levels were fluctuating during administration of cold medicine, but the patient completely recovered her health with herbal medicines. Conclusion: This case report would provide information about a typical DILI by western medicine followed by treatment with traditional Korean medicine.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.54 no.10
• /
• pp.790-798
• /
• 2016

The maxillofacial soft tissue trauma is one of the major causes to visit the emergency room. For the past few decades, however, the basic concept of the repairing the soft tissue wound have not been changed. Therefore, it could be worthwhile to remind the fundamental concepts and practical information belong to the soft tissue injury management. Among the many types of soft tissue trauma, laceration wound which is most frequently met in the clinic will be discussed in this review.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

Operation of human-centered robot, in general, facilitates the creation of new process that may potentially harm the human operators. Design of safety-guaranteed operation of human-centered robots is, therefore, important since it determines the ultimate outcomes of operations involving safety of human operators. This study discusses the application of geometric tolerance and head injury criteria to safety assessment of human-centered robotic operations. Examples show that extending "Work Area" has more significant effect on the uncertainty in safety than extending the system range in the presence of velocity control.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.211-226
• /
• 2006

This paper discusses the definition of the term "domestic industry" in relation to the application of the safeguards provisions of the WTO through the judicial interpretation made by the WTO Appellate Body and panel. The requirements for the imposition of safeguards include a rapid increase in import quantity, the existence of serious injury or threat of serious injury to the domestic industry, and a causal relationship between the increase in imports and the industrial injury. The domestic industry refers to the producers that account for a considerable portion of the total national production, or the national producers who produce articles "like" or "directly competitive" with the specific imports. Chronically, there have been controversial disputes relating to the interpretation of the term "like" or "directly competitive". Reviewing the disputes relating to the term "domestic industry" in application of the safeguards provisions since the establishment of the WTO, the interpretation of the term "like" has been made imposing weight on the physical characteristics of the products. This interpretation is in contrast with that of the interpretation of the term "directly competitive" which has been interpreted with imposed weight on the commercial elasticity of substitution which can be measured by the final use or consumer's taste.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 1998

Isolated injury to the extrahepatic biliary tract following blunt abdominal trauma is rare, and there is little information especially in children regarding the endoscopic diagnosis and management of occult injury to the biliary tract. We experienced a 5-year-old boy who presented with jaundice 16 days after blunt abdominal trauma and was diagnosed as isolated distal common bile duct stricture by ultrasonography of abdomen. We could get more detailed information about the injury by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We could also manage this isolated common bile duct stricture successfully with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and plastic stent insertion instead of surgical correction. There appeared to be no recurrence of stricture as evidenced by biochemical test and ultrasonography during 2 years of follow up.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2003

Many car manufacturers have frequently adopted an aggressive inflator and a lower threshold speed for airbag deployment in order to meet an injury requirement for unbolted occupant at high speed crash test. Consequently, today's occupant safety restraint system has a weakness due to an airbag induced injury at low speed crash event. This paper proposes a new crash algorithm to improve the weakness by suppressing airbag deployment at low speed crash event in case of belted condition. The proposed algorithm consists of two major blocks-crash severity algorithm and deployment logic block. The first block decides crash severity with two levels by means of velocity and crash energy calculation from acceleration signal. The second block implemented by simple AND/OR logic combines the crash severity level and seat belt status information to generate firing commands for airbag and belt pretensioner. Furthermore, it can be extended to adopt additional sensor information from passenger presence detection sensor and safing sensor. A simulation using real crash data for a 1,800cc passenger vehicle has been conducted to verify the performance of proposed algorithm.