• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1999

Backgroud: Systemic administration of opioid can prolong the duration of epidural anesthesia. The authors examined the effect of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) on the level of sensory block induced by epidural lidocaine. Methods: Twenty minutes after epidural injection of 2% lidocaine (below 70 years : 20 ml, 70 years and above : 15 ml), the level of sensory block was assessed (2nd stage). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either medical air (control group, n=15) or 50% $N_2O$ in oxygen ($N_2O$ group, n=15) for 10 minutes, the level of block was reassessed (3rd stage). Pateints were given room air (control group) or 100% oxygen for 5 minutes and room air for 5 minutes ($N_2O$ group), and the level of block was reassessed (4th stage). Results: At the 3rd stage, $N_2O$ group showed 4.3 cm cephalad increase in the level of sensory block (p=0.005), but control group revealed 1.43 cm regression. After discontinuation of gas, the level of block regressed in both group (p=0.000). At the 4th stage, $N_2O$ group revealed 3.5 cm cephalad increase (p=0.048) and control group 1.97 cm regression (p=0.001) as compared with the 2nd stage. Conclusions: The level of sensory block induced by epidural lidocaine was significantly increased cephalad by concommitant use of 50% $N_2O$ for 10 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.43 no.4 s.287
• /
• pp.259-263
• /
• 2006

The applicability of UPT (Ultrasound Pulse Thermography) for real-time defect detection of the ceramic heating plate is described. The ceramic heating plate with superior insulation and high radiation is used to control the water temperature in underwater environment. The underwater temperature control system can be damaged owing to the short circuit, which resulted from the defect of the ceramic heating plate. A high power ultrasonic energy with pulse duration of 280 ms was injected into the ceramic heating plate in the vertical direction. The ultrasound excited vibration energy sent into the component propagate inside the sample until they were converted to the heat in the vicinity of the defect. Therefore, an injection of the ultrasound pulse wave which results in heat generation, turns the defect into a local thermal wave transmitter. Its local emission is monitored and recorded via the thermal infrared camera at the surface which is processed by image recording system. Measurements were Performed on 4 kinds of samples, composed of 3 intact plates and the defect plate. The observed thermal image revealed two area of crack in the defective ceramic heating plate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 1998

The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with controlled ovanan hyperstimulation (COH) in the treatment of infertility with various etiologies was compared in a total of 152 cycles. Patients received a maximum of three IUI cycles for the treatment. Severe male ($<2\times10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (> 39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac was seen on ultrasound. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 7.9% per cycle (12/152) and 9.7% per patient (12/124). The pregnancy rates were 0% in unstimulated natural (0/18), 7.5% in CC (3/40), 8.2% in CC+hMG (4/49), 5.9% in GnRH-a ultrashort (1/17), 5.9% in GnRH-a long (1/17) and 27.3% in dual suppression cycles (3/11), respectively. The pregnancy rate was higher in dual suppression cycle than other stimulated cycles, but this was not significant. The multiple pregnancy rates were 25.0% (2 twins and 1 triplet). No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rates were 66.7% in CC (2/3) and 100% in ultrashort cycles (1/1). The livebirth rate was 5.9% per cycle (9/152) and 7.3% per patient (9/124). There were no differences in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, total ampules of gonadotropins and days of stimulation between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. However, significant(P<0.05) differences were observed in the level of estradiol $(E_2)$ on the day of hCG injection ($3,266.6{\pm}214.2$ vs $2,202.7{\pm}139.4$ pg/ml) and total motile sperm count ($212.1{\pm}63.4$ vs $105.1{\pm}9.9\times10^6$) between pregnant group and non-pregnant group. These results suggest that IUI combined with successful ovarian stimulation tends to improve the chance of pregnancy as compared to IUI without COH and a total motile sperm count may be considered predictive of the success for pregnancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2015

Objective: Sperm must be properly prepared in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) programs in order to control the fertilization rate and ensure that embryos are of high quality and have appropriate developmental abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the most optimal sperm preparation method for IVF. Methods: Patients less than 40 years of age who participated in a fresh IVF-ET cycle from November 2012 to March 2013 were included in this study. Poor responders with less than three mature oocytes were excluded. Ham's F-10 medium or sperm-washing medium (SWM) was used in combination with the density-gradient centrifugation/swim-up (DGC-SUP) or SUP methods for sperm preparation. A total of 429 fresh IVF-ET cycles were grouped according to the media and methods used for sperm preparation and retrospectively analyzed (DGC-SUP/Ham's F-10, n=82; DGC-SUP/SWM, n=43; SUP/Ham's F-10, n=181; SUP/SWM, n=123). Results: There were no significant differences among these four groups with respect to the mean age of the female partners, duration of infertility, number of previous IVF cycles, and retrieved oocytes. We determined that both the DGC-SUP and SUP methods for sperm preparation from whole semen, using either Ham's F-10 or SWM media, result in comparable clinical outcomes, including fertilization and pregnancy rates. Conclusion: We suggest that both media and both methods for sperm preparation can be used for selecting high-quality sperm for assistive reproductive technology programs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.84-98
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) is a endocrine disorder and still remains as one of the common causes of anovulation in women of reproductive age. There are some evidences that nerve growth factor(NGF) is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In this research, the effects of ShingihwanhapChangbudodam- Tang(SCT) on the estradiol valerate(EV)-induced polycystic ovary(PCO) were investigated in rats. Methods : PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with EV(4mg) in female rats. Rats in PCO control group(n = 8) were EV injected and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. Rats in SCT-treated group(n = 8) were EV injected and orally administrated SCT for same duration. The weights of body, ovary and adrenal gland were measured. And also, ovarian histopathology and NGF immunohistochemistry were performed. Results : The weights of ovaries in SCT-treated group were significantly increased compared with control group. The numbers of secondly and mature follicles, and corpora lutea in SCT-treated group were significantly increased compared with control group. The numbers of atretic follicles were significantly decreased compared with control group. The expression of NGF positive reaction in the ovarian granulosa cells of SCT-treated group were lesser observed than control group. Conclusion : From the these results, we concluded that ShingihwanhapChangbudodam-Tang(SCT) has inhibitory effect on the development of EV-induced polycystic ovary. And it's effect may be related with decreased NGF activities in the ovary.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.291-296
• /
• 2011

The aims of the present study were to investigate the anesthetic and hemodynamic effects of medetomidine-ketamine combination and to compare antagonistic effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on the recovery of pig from anesthesia induced by medetomidine-ketamine combination. Landrace and Yorkshire cross-bred pigs were evaluated in the present study. Pigs (n = 8) received three different treatments (one treatment per 14 days in a random order). All pigs were injected intramuscularly with medetomidine, and ketamine in a single syringe. Intravenous injections of atipamezole (MKA), yohimbine (MKY), or a control saline solution (MK) were administered 20 minutes after the medetomidine-ketamine combination injection. The intravenous antagonist injections quickly reversed the medetomidine-ketamine induced sedation in the pigs, resulting in a significantly shorter duration of anesthesia in the MKA and MKY groups compared to the MK group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels were significantly lower in the MKA and MKY groups compared to the MK group. Scores for posture and responses to noxious stimuli after atipamezole and yohimbine administration were significantly lower in the MKA and MKY groups than in the MK. In conclusion, the sedative effects and increases in blood pressure induced by a medetomidine-ketamine combination were quickly and smoothly reversed by atipamezole or yohimbine.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2003

LPG explosion characteristics in non-uniform concentration was investigated with a 270 liter explosion vessel of which the scale is 100 cm${\times}$60 cm${\times}$45 cm. Vented explosion and closed explosion system were used. Experimental parameter were position of ignition source, nozzle diameter and flow rate of gas. Non uniform concentration was controlled by the nozzle diameter and flow rate. Explosion pressure were measured with strain type pressure sensor and the flame behavior was pictured with the video camera. Based on this experimental result, it was found that the flow rate of gas and the duration of gas injection are important factor for mixing the gas in the vessel. And as the increase the non-uniformity of gas concentration, explosion pressure and pressure rise rate Is decrease but the flame resident time in the vessel is increase. Therefore gas explosion to fire transition possibility will increase in non-uniform concentration gas explosion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.8-20
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacopuncture in the treatment of acute peripheral facial paralysis (APFP) through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the clinical evidence for pharmacopuncture as a treatment for PFP. Methods: Literature was searched using databases. The search terms used were "pharmacopuncture," "sweet BV," "apipuncture," "apitoxin," "injection acupuncture," and "herbal acupuncture" in English and "bongchim," "bongyakchim," and "yakchim" in Korean. The RevMan 5.2 program was used for meta-analysis. Results: In all, 1902 studies were screened and the full texts of 219 articles were reviewed. Of these, nine studies were included in the systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Treatments utilizing bee venom, sweet bee venom (SBV), Soyeom, Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus (BUM), Hominis Placenta, and Suseunghwagang (SSHG) were observed in nine RCTs. In the forest plot, the diamond favors the PA treatment against the control treatment. (95% CI: 0.34 [0.08, 0.60], Z = 2.57, P = 0.01), which Our meta-analysis in RevMan 5.2 confirmed the significant efficacy of PA in treating APFP. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that treatments using Soyeom, bee venom, and BUM are effective in APFP and they reduce the duration of postauricular pain occurring at the acute stage of APFP. However, due to small effect size, further investigation is needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2000

This study was done to observe the effect on the local thermal change of herbal acupuncture on D.I.T.I.. The study group comprised 23 students who go to Woo-suk university oriental medical school. The study group was divided into three groups. One was NS(NORMAL SALINE) group, another was CF(CARTHAMI SEMEN) group and the other was BU(FEL URSI + BEZOAR BOVIS) group. Herbal Acupuncture fluid was injected on the P'ungmun(B12), P'yesu(B13), Pubun(B41), Paek'o(B42) acupuncture points. In results, the injection of herbal acupuncture fluid has brought out dermatothermal changes. BU group expressed significant changes in 24hours, 48hours, 72hours. The above results indicate that herbal acupuncture fluid has different effects on the dermatothermal change following times. BU group is lastest in duration of physical reactions. We consider that this results are helpful for saying about the effect of herbal acupuncture in clinical use.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2016

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) of the mandible is commonly used in the oral cavity as an anesthetic technique for dental procedures. This study evaluated the success rate of the first IANB administered by dental practitioners. Methods: Volunteer dental practitioners at Mahidol University who had never performed an INAB carried out 106 INAB procedures. The practitioners were divided into 12 groups with their advisors by randomized control trials. We recorded the success rate via pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results: A large percentage of the dental practitioners (85.26%) used the standard method to locate the anatomical landmarks, injecting the local anesthetic at the correct position, with the barrel of the syringe parallel to the occlusal plane of the mandibular teeth. Further, 68.42% of the dental practitioners injected the local anesthetic on the right side by using the left index finger for retraction. The onset time was approximately 0-5 mins for nearly half of the dental practitioners (47.37% for subjective onset and 43.16% for objective onset), while the duration of the IANB was approximately 240-300 minutes (36.84%) after the initiation of numbness. Moreover, the VAS pain scores were $2.5{\pm}1.85$ and $2.1{\pm}1.8$ while injecting and delivering local anesthesia, respectively. Conclusions: The only recorded factor that affected the success of the local anesthetic was the administering practitioner. This reinforces the notion that local anesthesia administration is a technique-sensitive procedure.