• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2012

The maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance and prevention of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease require $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ T cells (regulatory T cells). The transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the development of functional, regulatory T cells, which plays a prominent role in self-tolerance. Retroviral vectors can confer high level of gene transfer and transgene expression in a variety of cell types. Here we observed that following retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer of Foxp3, transductional Foxp3 expression was increased in the liver, lung, brain, heart, muscle, spinal cord, kidney and spleen. One day after vector administration, high levels of transgene and gene expression were observed in liver and lung. At 2 days after injection, transductional Foxp3 expression level was increased in brain, heart, muscle and spinal cord, but kidney and spleen exhibited a consistent low level. This finding was inconsistent with the increase in both $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ T cell and $CD4^{+}Foxp3^{+}$ T cell frequencies observed in peripheral immune cells by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) analysis. Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer of Foxp3 did not lead to increased numbers of $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ T cell and $CD4^{+}Foxp3^{+}$ T cell. These results demonstrate the level and duration of transductional Foxp3 gene expression in various tissues. A better understanding of Foxp3 regulation can be useful in dissecting the cause of regulatory T cells dysfunction in several autoimmune diseases and raise the possibility of enhancing suppressive functions of regulatory T cells for therapeutic purposes.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1994

저자들은 파파베린유도 음경발기촬영술이 발기부전 원인의 선별검사로서 유용한지를 알아보고자 정상인 12예와 제반검사에서 확진된 동맥성 발기부전 5예, 정맥성 발기부전 12예, 심인성 발기부전 11예, 혼합형 발기부전 8예 및 신경성 발기부전 19예를 대상으로 하여 파파베린의 국소 주사로 발기를 유도하고 $^{99m}Tc$-HSA를 정주하여 관심영역의 시간방사능곡선을 구한 다음 발기유발시간, 발기지속시간 및 정맥성 계수를 비교하였다. 동맥성 발기부전군에서 발기유발시간이 정상 대조군에 비해 지연되어 있었고, 정맥성 발기부전군에서는 정상대조군과 동맥성 발기부전군에 비하여 발기지속시간이 단축되었으며 정맥성계수는 더 낮았다. 심인성 발기부전군에서는 발기지속시간이 정상 대조군 및 동맥성 발기부전군에 비해 지연되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 파파베린유도 음경발기촬영술은 동맥성과 정맥성 발기부전 뿐만 아니라 심인성 발기부전도 선별할 수 있는 좋은 검사법으로 생각되나 혼합형과 신경성 발기부전을 감별하지 못하는 단점이 있었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 핵심기본간호술 선배멘토링교육이 간호대학생의 임상수행능력과 비판적 사고성향에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 연구설계는 단일군 전후 설계로, 간호대학생 57명을 대상으로 하였다. 교육내용은 총 6시간으로 활력징후 측정, 단순도뇨, 피하주사 3개의 핵심술기로 구성되어 있으며, 교수의 지도하에 선배 멘토가 라포 형성 및 교육, 자율실습, 평가를 실시하도록 하였다. 자료수집은 자가기입식 설문지를 사용하여 사전, 사후조사로 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 paired t-tests를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 핵심기본간호술 선배멘토링교육이 간호대학생의 임상수행능력, 비판적 사고성향을 통계적으로 유의하게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 핵심기본간호술 선배멘토링교육이 간호대학생의 임상수행능력과 비판적 사고성향을 향상시키는데 효과적이므로 간호실습교육에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후 대조군을 포함하여 처치군과 대조군의 차이를 비교하고 효과를 검증하는 연구가 필요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1999

The role of amino acids in culture media for IVF-ET was examined in a total of 76 cycles. Patients received clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by hMG or GnRH-a combined with gonadotropins (FSH/hMG) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe male (<$4{\times}10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (>39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. No significant differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, the level of $E_2$ on the day of hCG injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, total motile sperm count, fertilization rate and the mean number of embryos transferred between bHTF (without amino acids) and mHTF (with amino acids) groups. However, total ampules of gonadotropins were higher (p<0.01) in mHTF group than bHTF group. Significantly (p<0.05) more clinical pregnancies were recorded in mHTF group (13/30) compared with bHTF group (9/46). The multiple pregnancy rates were 11.1% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF group. There were one ectopic pregnancy in mHTF group and one heterotopic pregnancy in bHTF group. Abortion rates were 22.2% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mHTF group (12/30) than bHTF group (7/46). These results suggest that the addition of amino acids in culture media is essential for culture of zygotes in vitro and adjustment of energy substrates in phosphate-free culture media appears to be beneficial for human IVF-ET procedure.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

물에 대한 용해도가 우수한 비정질 탄산칼슘을 이용하여 저온 영역에서 Calcite 단결정을 수열육성 하였다. 비정질 탄산칼슘 제조의 출발원료로는 $CaCl_2$, 및 $Na_2CO_3$를 이용하였으며, 반응온도와 반응시간이 중요한 인자로 작용하였다. 한편, 중량손실법에 의한 비정질 탄산칼슘의 용해도 측정결과 $NH_4NO_3$, 수용액이 Calcite 결정성장에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. Calcite 결정의 육성에 있어 큰 성장속도를 나타내는 수열조건은 다음과 같다. 즉, 출발원료: 비정질 탄산칼슘, 수열용매: 0.01m $NH_4NO_3$, 반응온도: $180^{\circ}C$, 반응시간: 30일 이었다. 이와 같은 조건하에서 얻어진 Calcite 단결정은 전위밀도: $10^6{\sim}10^7cm^{-2}$, 투과율: $190{\sim}400nm$ 범위에서 약 80%, 복굴절율: $0.17{\sim}0.18$ 이었으며, HCOT 및 $OH^-$ 이온의 혼입에 의한 광학적 흡수가 발생하지 않음을 FT-IR분석 결과로부터 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.389-398
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• 1999

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of endogenous LH surge, GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as ovulation trigger on pregnancy rate by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Method: Patients received daily 100 mg of clomiphene citrate (CC) for 5 days starting on the third day of the menstrual cycle followed by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for ovulation induction. Follicles larger than >16 mm in diameter were present in the ovary, frequent LH tests in urine were introduced to detect an endogenous LH surge. Final follicular maturation and ovulation were induced by GnRH-a 0.1 mg (s.c.) or hCG $5,000{\sim}10,000$ IU (i.m.) administration except natural ovulation. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. Results: There were no differences in age, duration of infertility and follicle size, but more ampules of hMG were used in GnRH-a group compared to hCG 10,000 IU treated group (p<0.05). Lower level of estradiol ($E_2$) on the day of hCG or GnRH-a injection was observed in hCG 10,000 IU group than other treatment groups (p<0.01). The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 19.8% per cycle (32/162) and 22.2% per patient (32/144). Pregnancy rate was higher in natural-endogenous LH surge group (37.5%, 9/24) than GnRH-a (18.8%) or hCG treated group (20.9% & 13.9%), but this difference was not statistically significant. No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rate was 22.2% (2/9) in hCG 5,000 IU group. Delivery or ongoing pregnancy rate was 37.5% (9/24), 18.8% (3/16), 16.3% (7/43) and 13.9% (11/79) in endogenous LH surge, GnRH-a, hCG 5,000 IU and hCG 10,000 IU treatment groups, respectively. Conclusion: These results support the concept that use of natural-endogenous LH surge in stimulated cycles may be more effective to obtain pregnancies by IUI than GnRH-a or hCG administration.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the antiarthritic effect of Hwallak-dan(Huoluo-dan) on the complete freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of CFA into base of tail. Experimental groups divided into normal(n=10), control(n=10) and treated(n=10) group. Animals of control group received normal saline for twenty days, treated group received extracts Hwallak-dan(Huoluo-dan) for same duration, light mineral oil only injected non-arthritic rats were served as normal group. The incidence of arthritis and arthritic index were observed after treatment. Body weight, paw edema volume and thickness of ankle joint were measured at 0, 11, 14, 17, 20 days after treatment. White blood cell(WBC) counts in blood were analysed at 20 days after treatment and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta}$), IL-6 contents in paw exudate were analysed by ELISA at 20 days after treatment. Histopathology on the ankle joint were performed at 20 days after treatment. Results : 1. Incidence of arthritis of treated group was 60% and control group was 100% at 20 days after treatment. 2. Arthritic index of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 3. Paw edema volume and thickness of ankle joint of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 4. Total WBC of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 5. Neutrophils of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 6. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in paw exudate of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 7. $IL-1{\beta}$ content content in paw exudate of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 8. IL-6 content content in paw exudate of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 9. Histopathological arthritic index of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that Hwallak-dan(Huoluo-dan) has inhibitory effect on the development and progression of CFA-induced arthritis in rats.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1464-1471
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• 2007

당뇨병은 만성적 대사질환으로 말초뿐만 아니라 중추신경계에서도 다양한 합병증을 유발시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히, 당뇨환자는 인지기능의 손상으로 인해 치매 유병율이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 규칙적인 운동은 당뇨병의 이차 합병증을 예방하기 위한 치료적 방법으로 흔히 권장된다. 이에 본 연구는 당뇨흰쥐를 대상으로 트레드밀 운동이 기억력과 해마 BDNF 발현에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. SD계열 흰쥐를 실험동물로 하여 STZ (50 mg/kg) 투여로 유발시킨 당뇨흰쥐를 8주간 주 5회 30분씩 트레드밀에서 달리도록 하였다. 운동프로그램 종료 후, Morris water maze로 기억력을 측정하고, 해마조직을 적출하여 Western으로 brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 발현을 정량화하였다. 본 연구결과 8주간의 당뇨는 선행연구과 유사하게 기억력 손상과 함께 해마 조직의 BDNF 발현을 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 트레드밀 운동은 당뇨흰쥐에서 기억력과 해마 BDNF 발현을 유의하게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 당뇨동물에서 운동이 해마 BDNF 발현의 증가를 통해 인지기능의 손상을 완화시킬 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1483-1490
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of GCP treatment on the expression of NOS, c-fos, serotonin and substance P in central nerve system of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced osteoarthritic pain model. Arthritis was induced by injection of MIA(0.5 mg) into knee joint cavities of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken distilled water for 20 days. Treated group was taken extracts of GCP by oraly for same duration. Normal group(n=8) was infected with normal saline and was taken distilled water for 20 days. The numbers of NADPH-d positive cells in superficial dorsal horn of spinal cord of treated group($21{\pm}5$) was significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared with control($33{\pm}5$). The numbers of NADPH-d positive cell in dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter of treated group($111{\pm}16$) was significantly(p<0.01) decreased compared with control($143{\pm}14$). The numbers of c-fos positive cells in dorsal periaqueductal gray matter of treated group($57{\pm}16$) was significantly(p<0.01) decreased compared with control($78{\pm}13$). The numbers of c-fos positive cells in paraventricular thalamic nucleus of treated group($60{\pm}15$) was significantly decreased compared with control($88{\pm}27$). The numbers of serotonin positive cells in median raphe nucleus of treated group($171{\pm}31$) was significantly(p<0.05) decreased compared with control($217{\pm}48$). On the basis of these results, we concluded that GCP treatment has inhibiting effects on the pain transmission in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic pain model in rat.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2007

Background: Lumbar zygapophysial joints are a common source of chronic lower back pain and radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF) of the medial branches (MB) has been shown to be effective at providing substantial pain relief for chronic low back pain. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine the short term outcomes and prognostic factors of RF on the MB of patients with lumbar facet syndrome. Methods: We performed RF in fourteen patients who showed greater than 80% pain relief up to three times after a diagnostic MB block was conducted using 0.3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. Using 10 cm curved electrodes with 10-mm active tip, a 60 second, $80^{\circ}C$ lesion was made after electrical stimulation at 50 Hz for sensory and 2 Hz for motor nerve testing. The degree of pain relief was then assessed after 2 weeks, and again after 3 months using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a four point Likert scale. The outcome was regarded as 'success' if at least a 50% reduction in the VAS was observed. Possible prognostic factors between the two groups were also evaluated Results: The success rate was 71.4% (10/14) after three months of follow-up. However, there were transient complications, such as neuritis like syndrome, in 4 patients. In addition, short symptom duration and low minimal voltage (< 0.4 V) for sensory stimulation were shown to be the relevant prognostic factors for a successful outcome. Conclusions: RF may be an alternative to repeated MB block or intraarticular injection for palliation of lumbar facet syndrome. For better outcomes, early diagnosis and strict patient selection should be coupled with efforts to avoid anatomically incorrect RF.