• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1994

The study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous(iv) and intramuscular(im) administration (10mg/kr) in healthy rabbits. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Bioassay (Bacillus cereus 11778) was evaluated very useful for the determination of oxytetracycline(OTC) in the rabbit serum and tissues, with the detection limit of $0.125{\mu}g/ml$. 2. The pharmacokinetic profiles of OTC (10mg/kg, iv) in rabbits were best described with a two compartment open model $(C=29.5e^{-4,3t}{\pm}3.6^{-0.2t})$, whereas that of OTC (10mg/kg, im) showed a one compartment curve fitting. 3. Following iv administration, a rapid distribution phase was predominant [$t_{\frac{1}{2}}({\alpha}):1.43{\pm}0.98hr$ (♂), $0.5{\pm}0.1hr$(♀)], and then more slow elimination phase ensued [$t_{\frac{1}{2}}({\beta}):4.52{\pm}0.76hr$(♂), $7.32{\pm}2.52hr$(♀)]. Other computer generated pharmacokinetic values were as follows:C1 [$67.76{\pm}18.59ml/kg/h$(♂), $76.03{\pm}22.98ml/kg/h$ (♀)] Vd [$257.74{\pm}180.47ml/kg$ (♂), $92.33{\pm}23.62$ (♀)] AUC [$25.6{\pm}4.44mgh/L$ (♂), $39.6{\pm}12.13mgh/l$ (♀)]. There were no statistical significance between both sexes for all the parameters at the confidence level of 95%. 4. After im administaration, the absorption from the injection sites was very rapid [ Ka:$0.18{\pm}0.03h^{-1}$ (♂), $0.24{\pm}0.02h^{-1}$ (♀)] followed by a monoexponential elimination fashion. The time to peak blood level (Tmax) were calculated $1.64{\pm}0.15hr$ and $1.34{\pm}0.24hr$, in the male and female, respectively. The peak levels (Cmax) at the corresponding time were $1.69{\pm}0.23{\mu}g/ml$ (♂) and $2.08{\pm}0.16{\mu}g/ml$ (♀), with no statistical differences (p>0.05).

• 분석과학
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2003

유전학적으로 밝혀지지 않은 생물학적 연구에 있어서 작은 분자량의 아미노산 또는 홀몬과 같은 대사체들은 그 변화와 여러 생물학적 데이타와 결합 되어 직접적인 생화학적 의미 해석을 가능하게 한다. 미량의 생체 시료에 존재하는 아미노산을 분석하기 위해서 HPLC/FLD를 사용하였으며, 감도가 우수하고 반응시간이 빠른 유도체화 방법인 OPA/3-MPA로 형광 유도체화 하여 세포 배지를 바탕시료로 하여 아미노산을 분석하였다. 유도체화물의 시간에 대한 불안정성을 개선하기 위하여 다 단계의 injector program을 사용하여 유도체화 반응 후 시료 주입시간을 일정하게 조절하여 유도체화 과정 중 발생할 수 있는 불순물 제거 및 정량성을 개선하였다. 19종 아미노산의 표준 검정 곡선은 0.5 - 100.0 ppb의 범위에서 $r^2=0.99$ 이상의 직선성을 나타냈으며, 검출 한계는 1.70 pmol(GLU) - 23.81 pmol(SER) 범위로 측정되었다. 이를 통해 다량의 세포를 대상으로 하는 대사 프로필을 위해 감도가 우수하고 안정적으로 정량할 수 있는 분석법을 설정하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1991

간의 부분적 절제수술을 하지 않고 새로운 발암성 검색법을 찾고자, 화학물질에 민감한 신생암첫 Sprague-Dawley 랫드를 이용하여 diethylnitrosamine(DENA)으로 암을 유발시킨 후, 제1군에는 강력한 촉진제로서 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)을 사료하여 0.01%가 되게 섞어 투여하였고, 제2군은 약한 촉진제인 phenobarbital을 암수에 0.05% 농도로 녹여 토여하였으며, 제 3군은 대조군으로 DENA만을 1회 투여하였다. 그리고 발암성 평가는 glutathione S-transeferase placental form을 사용하여 검색하였다. 그 결과 체중에 대한 간의 무게비는 이유후 4주째 (7주)에 제2군이 제3군인 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 (p<0.01)높았으며, 이유후 8주째(11주)에는 제1군과 제 2군이 대조군에 비해 각각 유의성 있게 (p<0.01, p<0.001)높았다. 그리고 이유후 4주(7주)째에 GST-P 양성병변을 이용한 전암병변의 면적을 비교해본바 제 1군과 제2군이 각각 유의성있게 (p<0.01, p<0.05)높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 신생 랫드를 이용한 발암성 실험은 간의 부분적 절제수술을 하지 않고도 화학물질의 발암성을 좀더 이른 시기에 검색할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 신생동물을 이용한 발암성 실험은 많은 화학물질들의 발암성을 검색하는데 매우 유용한 방법으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between body weight, body condition score (BCS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, cholesterol and number of transferable embryos for the purpose of improving reproductive performance in Hanwoo donors. Seventy five cows, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR together with injection of 1mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone, and gonadotropin treatment begann. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU = 1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3rd administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received $100{\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of 1st insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 days after the 1st insemination. In conclusion, cows with body weight < 400, 400~450 and > 450kg had number of transferable embryos of $4.2{\pm}1.7$, $6.1{\pm}2.7$ and $4.8{\pm}2.6$, cows with BCS <2.25, 2.25~2.75 and ${\geq}2.75$ had number of transferable embryos of $4.6{\pm}1.6$, $5.7{\pm}2.4$ and $5.1{\pm}2.7$ respectively. These data indicate that a body weight and BCS for superovulation of CIDR-treated Korean native cows does not affect the embryo yield.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 1997

실험동물에서의 폐이식수술에서 비침습성 흉부전산화 단층 촬영을 이용하여 이식폐의 기능평가지표의 가치를 분석해 보고자 한국산 잡종견을 이용하여 좌측일측폐이식술후 7일 이상 생존시킨 성견을 대상으로 급성거부반응 및 허혈-재관류손상, 감염 등의 소견을 병리조직소견과 함께 관찰하였다. 실험견은 총 22마리에서 11마리씩 공급견과 수용견으로 나누어 시행하였다. 공급견의 심폐블록보존은 Modified Euro-Collins (MEC) 용액과 low potassium dextran glucose(UDG)용액을 이용하여 $10^{\circ}C에서$ 20시간 (1례에서 4시간 보존) 이상 냉장보관하였다 폐이식술후, 흉부 X-선과 연속적인 컴퓨터단층촬영을 수술 직후와 술후 3일 및 7일째 각각 시행하였다. 11례의 이식견 중 2례에서 급성거부반응을 보였고 전산화단층촬영상 폐침윤정도가 수술 직후 중등도였다가 수술 3일째 확장성으로 변하였다. 결론적으로 일측 폐이식성견의 실험적인 모델에서 이식폐장의 기능평가지표로서 컴퓨터단층촬영을 이용 하며 다른 평가지표와 유사한 소견을 얻었고 폐의 감염과 거부 반응의 구별은 단층촬영의 음영의 비교만으 로 감별이 용이하지 않았으며 다른 평가지표 및 폐생검\ulcorner 확인으로 조기거부반응의 진단 가능성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 1998

SB-31 which contains Pursatilla, Licoris and Ginseng extracts was recently proved as an anticancer agent. In a preclinical effort to be applied this drug to human, pharmacokinetics of SB-31 was carried out in rats and rabbits. Glycyrrhizin(GZ), a saponin of Licoris was used as a standard ingradient for the pharmacokinetics of SB-31. The rat's blood, bile and urine samples were serially collected in femoral vein, common bile duct and bladder, respectively, after bolus i.v. injection at a dose of 1 or 1/5 ampul/rat and rabbit's blood samples from the marginal ear vein at a dose of 1 or 3 amp./rabbit. GZ and glycyrrhetic acid(GA), a major metabolite of GZ in the physiological samples were analysed by HPLC with UV detection. The decline of GZ in plasma concentration was generally biexponential at each dose. GZ was almost completely recovered in bile within 18 hour. GA wasn't detected in the samples with UV detector. In the rat, Vss and Kel at a dose of 1 and 1/5 ampul of SB-31 were $98.06\pm6.07\;ml,\;0.33\pm0.05\;hr^{-1}\;and\;65.46\pm11.19\;ml,\;0.68\pm0.25\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. Those in rabbits at a dose of 3 and 1 ampul of SB-31 were $235.24\pm30.72\;ml,\;0.13\pm0.36\;hr^{-1}\;and\;341.32\pm28.58\;ml,\;0.27\pm0.04\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. 'WinNonlin' was utilized for the compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate pbarmaco-kinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of $1/y^2$. To evaluate the effect of SB-31 on cardiovascular system, serially diluted SB-31 was directly injected into coronary artery in the isolated perfused rat heart and the effect of PSF, PSH, saponins of Pursatilla, and SB-31 on PT, APTT of healthy human plasma was examined. Except the positive inotropic effect of ten times diluted solution of SB-31, there was no significant effect on LVDP, (- dp/dt)/(+dp/dt), heart rate and coronary flow in comparision with that of vehicle. SB-31 had no effect on PT but slightly delayed APTT about $6.9{\sim}11.5\%$. There was no significant effect of PSF and PSH on PT & APTT. Conclusively, SB-31 did not show any notable toxic effects on cardiovascular system.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 1988

To compare the stimulation effect of the ratio in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth, the serum $E_2$ level, the diameter of follicle, number of aspirated follicles and cleavage rate of in vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Forty one patients with irreparable tubal disease were stimulated by hMG(n=24) or FSH/hMG(n=17) for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum estradiol($E_2$) levels on the day of hCG administration were $921.0{\pm}353.3\;pg/ml$ in hMG group and $1272.9{\pm}1060.6\;pg/ml$ in FSH/hMG group. The serum $E_2$ value of hMG group was significantly lower than that of FSH/hMG group. 2. The diameter of leading follicle by ultrasonogram on the day of hCG administration were $16.2{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in hMG group and $16.2{\pm}2.6\;mm$ in FSH/hMG group. No significant difference of follicle diameter between two groups was demonstrated. 3. The number of follicles with diameter above 10 mm by sonogram on the day of hCG injection were $3.91{\pm}2.32$ in hMG group and $6.52{\pm}3.86$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of follicles between two groups, (p< 0.01). 4. The number of oocytes found per patient at aspiration were $2.59{\pm}1.00$ in hMG group and 3. $76{\pm}2.31$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of aspirated oocytes between two groups. (p< 0.05). 5. The detection rate of preovulatory oocyte at aspiration were 68.4%(39/57) in hMG group (n=22) and 77.6%(38/49) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). 6. The cleavage rate of preovulatory oocyte at 44 hours after insemination were 74.4%(29/39) in hMG group(n=22) and 81.6%(31/38) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). When only hMG was used, one pregnancy was established in 15 patients to whom 29 zygotes were transferred. And a full term normal female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section. In the FSH/hMG group, five pregnancies out of 9 transferred patients were confirmed by serum ${\beta}-hCG$. Two pregnancies were spontaneously aborted before the 6th week of pregnancy. One patient aborted her baby at the 18th week of pregnancy because of incompetent internal os of the cervix. Two patients delivered two full term babies by elective cesarean section. From the above findings, paralell with the increase in the ratio of exogenous follicle stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed as well as an improvements in pregnancy rate. It was concluded that FSH enrichment early in the follicular phase had a beneficial effect in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2006

형광을 이용한 암 진단을 위해 배양된 정상 및 암세포주에 광민감제인 5-ALA를 투여하고 세포 내 외에서 생성된 Protoporphyrin IX(PpIX)의 형광을 측정하여 5-ALA 투여의 최적농도를 조사하였다. 정상 간세포주(Chang) 및 자궁경부암 세포주(HeLa)에 5-ALA를 농도별로 투여하여 ALA에 의해 유도된 PpIX의 생성을 확인하고, MTT assay로 세포생존율을 측정하였다. 배양된 cell에 5-ALA를 투여한 후 24시간 동안 배양함으로써 생성되는 PpIX의 양은 형광의 강도로 측정하였다. HeLa 세포주에 대한 5-ALA의 최적농도는 $50{\mu}g/ml$이며, 이 때의 형광(emission) 스펙트럼은 여기 파장이 410 nm일 때 602.3 nm, 659.9 nm에서 형광 봉우리가 관찰되었다. PpIX의 형광 강도를 측정한 결과, PpIX는 정상세포에서는 낮은 농도로 축적이 되는 반면에 암세포에서 더 높은 농도로 축적되었으며, 세포 외보다는 세포 내에서 더 높은 농도로 축적됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 특정한 생물학적 의미를 갖는 물질들간의 결합 및 분리과정을 실시간에 측정하기 위해 빠른 응답특성과 높은 감도를 갖는 표면 플라즈몬 공명 (Surface Plasmon Resonance, SPR) 현상을 이용한 센서 시스템을 제작하였다. SPR 시스템의 프리즘 표면에 일정 두께의 금 박막이 진공증착된 센서칩을 두고 이 아래에 위치한 시료충전셀에 살모넬라 (salmonella) 항체를 주입시켜 항체가 센서칩 표면에서 자기집합 (self-assembly) 함에 따라 공명각이 변화하는 현상을 측정하였다. 이후 분석대상물질인 살모넬라 항원을 주입하여 항체와의 결합 상태를 일정 시간 간격을 두고 공명각의 변화로서 측정하고 이 결과를 분석하였다. 또한 human Immunglobulin G (hIgG)를 항원으로 한 항원-항체 반응 역시 살모넬라의 경우와 같은 방법으로 측정하였다. 그 결과 살모넬라의 항체는 센서칩 표면에서 약 10분 동안 자기집합하고 반응이 포화됨을 공명각의 변화를 통해 볼 수 있었으며, hIgG의 항체의 경우는 약 60분 동안 반응을 하고 포화됨을, 그리고 살모넬라와 hIgG의 항원 (분석대상물질) 은 모두 각각의 항체에 대해서 약 1분 이내에 결합하고 포화됨을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 1995

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol, a selective beta-l blocker, were examined for 360 minutes after intravenous bolus administration of metoprolol to 6 dogs. Plasma concentration and excreted amount in the urine metoprolol were measured by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PR interval and heart rate were measured by ECG monitoring. Blood pressure was monitored through intraarterial catheter in femoral artery and cardiac output by thermodilution method using Swan-Ganz catheter. To analyze the effect site concentration-response relationship, plasma concentration and pharmacological effects were simultaneously fitted to a two pharmacokinetic compartment linked to pharmacodynamic model with NONLIN program. Results are as follows. 1) The plasma concentration of metoprolol after intrvenous injection decreased biexponentially. The terminal half-life estimated was $1.33{\pm}0.40$ hours and the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and the total body clearance were $1.04{\pm}0.4\;L/kg,\;6.55{\pm}2.21\;L/hr$, respectively. The central compartment volume of distribution and peripheral compartment volume of distribution were $0.35{\pm}0.14L/kg\;and\;0.69{\pm}0.34L/kg$. The renal clearance and intercompartment clearance were $0.53{\pm}0.25\;L/min\;and\;0.35{\pm}0.19\;L/min$. 2) Simulated biophase concentration-response curve shows hyperbolic relationship and the estimated concentration-effect relationship was best explained by Emax model when the prolongation of PR interval and the reduction of the heart rate were used as pharmacodynamic parameters. Emax and EC50 were estimated to be $26.3{\pm}4.7\;msec\;and\;88.8{\pm}82.3\;g/ml$ for PR interval, and $48.7{\pm}18.8\;beats/min\;and\;113.5{\pm}78.7\;ng/ml$ for heart rate, respectively. 3) The changes of cardiac output-effect site concentration relationship was best fitted by a linear model and the slope of the relationship was $0.005{\pm}0.003$. Diastolic blood pressure-effect site concentration relationship was also explained by the linear model and the slope of the relationship was $0.038{\pm}0.034$.