• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 1977

This study was designed to identify a more effective method of nursing interview in gathering informations by comparing the two, the structured and unstructured methods. May through October, 1976, 40patients on psychiatric wards of Korea University Hospital and National Mental Hospital, Seoul, were sampled and interviewed on their admission/within one week of admission. Both methods were used simultaneously by different interviewers ; 48 hour interval were kept between the two approaches of interview. Contents of informations gathered were grouped according to the criteria developed by the researcher, frequency, percentile score and the means were scored, and the two methods were compared; the amount of information gathered, number of questions used, time spent and the general response towards the methodologies. Results of the study are summarized as follows ; 1. 1. 5 times as many informations were gathered through the structured interview. (1366 ; 849) 2. 68.32% of informations gathered through the unstructured interview and 42.46% of the structured interview revealed to be overlapping; through structured interview, more unique informations (57.54%) were gathered. 3. The average of 33.25 minutes were consumed for the structured interview while 95, 50 minutes for the unstructured. Much higher time consumption is revealed in the unstructured. 4. Majority of patients showed positive response towards both approaches of interview (90% each), however, interviewers responded to experience of certain degree of tension (stress) in the unstructured method (35%) 5. The average of 0.88 question were used to gather one information in the structured while 1.87questions for the unstructctured were used. 6. The average of 0.97 minutes were consumed to gather one information in the structured while 4.50minutes for the unstructured. 7. The average of 1.11 minutes were consumed for one question for the structured while 2.41 minutes for the unstructured. The results of the study revealed that the structured interview were more effective in gathering informations; a larger quantity of informations were gathered in shorter time. Recommendations for further in investigations are as follows ; 1. Comparative analysis of informations gathered through the two methods by experienced professional nurse- interviewers is recommended. 2. Comparative analysis of the quality of informations is recommended. 3. Comparative analysis of the interviewing process (interactions) in relation to the characteristics of patients'health problems is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2016

This study reports on wet-foam stability with respect to porous ceramics from a particle-stabilized colloidal suspension that is achieved through the addition of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using a wet process. To stabilize the wet foam, an initial colloidal suspension of $Al_2O_3$ was partially hydrophobized by the surfactant propyl gallate (2 wt.%) and $SiO_2$ was added as a stabilizer. The influence of the PMMA content on the bubble size, pore size, and pore distribution in terms of the contact angle, surface tension, adsorption free energy, and Laplace pressure are described in this paper. The results show a wet-foam stability of more than 83%, which corresponds to a particle free energy of $2.7{\times}10^{-12}J$ and a pressure difference of 61.1 mPa for colloidal particles with 20 wt.% of PMMA beads. It was possible to control the uniform distribution of the open/closed pores by increasing the PMMA content and by adding thick struts, leading to the achievement of a higher-stability wet foam for use in porous ceramics.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

The membrane structure maintains stable form by giving initial tension to ductile membrane and increasing the stiffness of exterior that is much adopted in the large span spatial structure by making its thickness thin. This kind of membrane structure has characteristic that can express free-form curve, so the selection of structural form is very important. So, this paper proposes the expression of free-form surface based on NURBS basis function and the finite element method considering geometrical nonlinearity for the deduction of large deformation result. Also, for minimizing the approximation of the surface that is derived from the form-finding result, the interface method that change finite element mesh to NURBS is proposed. So, the optimum surface of free-form membrane is derived.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.511-517
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• 2009

In this paper an finite element approach for the edge crack analysis of silicon-steel sheet during cold rolling is presented. Based on the damage mechanics, the proposed approach follows the analysis steps which are composed of damage initiation, damage evolution and fracture. Through those steps, we can find out the initiation instant of crack and resulting propagated length and shape of the crack. The material constants related to fracture is experimentally obtained by tension tests using standard sheet-type specimen and notched sheet-type specimen. To evaluate the prediction accuracy, we performed a pilot rolling test with a initially notched sheets. It is shown that the results obtained by the approach converged to the experimental one concerning about the direction and length of propagated crack. The capability of the proposed one is demonstrated through the application to the actual silicon-steel rolling mill.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1417-1443
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• 2016

Cellular and castellated steel beams are used to obtain higher stiffness and bending capacity using the same weight of steel. In addition, the beam openings may be used as a pass for different mechanical fixtures such as ducts and pipes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different parameters on both elastic and inelastic critical buckling stresses of steel web plates with openings. These parameters are plate aspect ratio; opening shape (circular or rectangular); end distance to the first opening; opening spacing; opening size; plate slenderness ratio; steel grade; and initial web imperfection. The web/flange interaction has been simplified by web edge restraints representing simply supported boundary conditions. A numerical parametric study has been performed through linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) models, where the FE results have been verified against both experimental and numerical results in the literature. The web plates are subject to in-plane linearly varying compression with different loading patterns, ranging from uniform compression to pure bending. A buckling stress modification factor (${\beta}$-factor) has been introduced as a ratio of buckling stress of web plate with openings to buckling stress of the corresponding solid web plate. The variation of ${\beta}$-factor against the aforementioned parameters has been reported. Furthermore, the critical plate slenderness ratio separating elastic buckling and yielding has been identified and discussed for two steel grades of DIN-17100, namely: ST-37/2 and ST-52/3. The FE results revealed that the minimum ${\beta}$-factor is 0.9 for web plates under uniform compression and 0.7 for those under both compression and tension.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2007

Arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repair is a well established surgical technique for the treatment of rotator cuff tears. However, the problem of postoperative retear remains a concern. Various avenues are being explored to address this problem. Some studies have suggested that restoring the anatomical footprint may improve the healing and initial strength of the repaired rotator cuff tendon. The double-row technique was introduced as a method of reconstructing the anatomical footprint. According to biomechanical studies on cadavers, this technique improved mechanical strength and reduced gap formation. However, the biological properties of reattached tendon such as tension, and vascularity have not been proved yet. Furthermore, the apparent mechanical superiority of the double-row over the single-row construction has not resulted in better functional outcomes. Therefore, the less complicated and less costly single-row technique is still the recommended treatment for rotator cuff repairs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

We have studied specific properties of magnetic treated water as processing water will make different cookery form the case of piped tap water. The result is as follows; The magnetic treated water both from tap water and pure water became more alkaline than not-magnetic treated water in pH change. As time goes on, magnetic treated or not, pH reduced considerably in piped tap water and increased in pure water. The magnetic treated water showed higher hydration rate than piped tap water in hydration of dried food. According to time, difference of hydration between tap water group and magnetic-treatment water group became significantly. Surface tension of magnetic treated water was slightly lower than that of piped tap water. And it reduced considerably with time. The magnetic treated water showed significantly effective outflow of salt especially in initial phase of soaking in salt-in food.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

Recently, application of CSG is increasing in various design construction projects. At the initial stage of cementation CSG materials show the same mechanical characteristics as soil, however, as the cementation process develops, CSG materials gradually reveal material characteristics of concrete. The hardened CSG manifests elastic behavior such as maximum strength at small strain range and rapid brittle failure. In this research, PVA fiber stiffeners were used in order to: (1) reduce such brittle behavioral characteristics; (2) improve the relatively weak tension performance of CSG materials. The binding strength between the bed materials and fiber prevents rapid brittle failure and increases tensional strength of fiber reinforced CSG materials.Test results show that fiber reinforcement alone could induce the stress-strain characteristics of CSG materials from brittle failure to ductile failure and also increase the residual strength.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2019

In the case of high-voltage connectors applied to automobiles, waterproofing has become an important issue for the safety of automobiles. In this study, structural analysis is performed on silicone rubber-type waterproof seals used in the voltage connector. For the structural analysis, the tensile properties of the actual rubber seal are evaluated using a miniaturized tensile testing machine. The Mooney-Rivlin material constants of the rubber seal are determined as follows; $D_1=0$, $C_{01}=0.241$, $C_{10}=0.0142$. The analysis shows that the contact pressure at the top of the seal where the seal and male connector are in contact is approximately three times higher than that at the bottom of the seal where the seal and female connector are in contact. It is confirmed that the waterproofing performance of the rubber seal depends on the contact pressure of the seal bottom where the seal and female connector are in contact. The contact pressure for waterproofing is found to be 4.7 bar. The strain concentration of the curved part is attributed to excessive initial tension. Therefore, a redesign is recommended for uniform stress or strain distribution in the curved section of the seal in response to the stress relaxation problem due to permanent deformation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2019

An extreme value analysis (EVA) is essential to obtain a design value for highly nonlinear variables such as long-term environmental data for wind and waves, and slamming or sloshing impact pressures. According to the extreme value theory (EVT), the extreme value distribution is derived by multiplying the initial cumulative distribution functions for independent and identically distributed (IID) random variables. However, in the position mooring of DNVGL, the sampled global maxima of the mooring line tension are assumed to be IID stochastic variables without checking their independence. The ITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines for Sloshing Model Tests never deal with the independence of the sampling data. Hence, a design value estimated without the IID check would be under- or over-estimated because of considering observations far away from a Weibull or generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as outliers. In this study, the IID sampling data are first checked in an EVA. With no IID random variables, an automatic resampling scheme is recommended using the block maxima approach for a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and peaks-over-threshold (POT) approach for a GPD. A partial autocorrelation function (PACF) is used to check the IID variables. In this study, only one 5 h sample of sloshing test results was used for a feasibility study of the resampling IID variables approach. Based on this study, the resampling IID variables may reduce the number of outliers, and the statistically more appropriate design value could be achieved with independent samples.