• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1985-1990
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs. Methods: A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight: 7.15±1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D₃ with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung, and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD₃). Results: Plasma retinol and 25-OHD₃ concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 ㎍/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p<0.05) and in liver, heart (p<0.10), and muscle (p<0.05) at d 7 post-injection. Conclusion: Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD₃. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2003

본 연구는 안과 실명 질환의 가장 많은 부분을 차지하는 망막을 실시간으로 3차원 영상화하기 위한 장치의 광학설계에 관한 것이다. 3차원 망막 영상을 얻기 위해 광원으로 He-Ne 레이저를 사용하였으며, 이는 초점 조절을 위한 슬래지부, 안구의 망막을 스캔하는 2차원 평면 주사선을 위한 scan system부, 그리고 망막에서 반사되어 나오는 반사 선을 센서로 보내주기 위한 반사 광학계부로 구성되어 있다. 구성된 시스템들은 레이저빔의 입사각과, 망막으로부터 반사되는 레이저 반사 가상선의 출사각을 일정하게 유지하게 했으며, 또한 망막에서 레이저빔의 입사와 반사가상선의 출사가 수직 및 수평 방향으로 일치시키도록 하였다. 이렇게 구성되어진 각 부운을 광학설계 프로그램인 Code-V를 이용하여 설계하였고, 최적화하였다. 결론적으로 3차원 망막 영상을 얻기 위한 장치의 최적 시스템을 다시 구성 하기전, 해상력이 높은 망막의 영상을 얻을 수 있는 광학장치를 구성하기 위하여 광학설계 프로그램인 Code-V를 이용하여 초기설계를 하고 최적화를 하였다. 그 결과 광학 수차가 적고 높은 해상력을 갖는 광학 시스템을 구현할 수 있는 광학적 데이터를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2002

A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks (43.08 g initial body weight) were allotted to three dietary treatments for a 6-week feeding trial. The treatments were 1) Control (defatted rice bran; DFRB), 2) fresh rice bran (FRB) and 3) rancid rice bran (RRB). Rice brans were intentionally spoiled by two degrees of rancidity by the values of free fatty acids (FFA): 7.6% (FRB) and 16.3% (RRB). Diets were prepared on an isonutrient basis, and defatted or rancid rice brans were included 5 and 10% for starter (0-3 week) and finisher (3-6 week), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, six chicks per treatment were sacrificed, and thigh meats were ground and stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) analyses. For a digestibility, 48 growing chicks (4 weeks old) were employed in cages (3 replicates/treatment, 2 birds/cage) according to the experimental design: FRB, RRB, pelleted and extruded rice bran. Some of the FRB were pelleted ($70^{\circ}C$) or extruded ($110^{\circ}C$). There was no significant difference in growth performance during the starter period, but chicks fed a diet containing DFRB grew faster (p<0.05) with increased feed intake (p<0.05) than those fed diets containing rice brans, FRB or RRB, during the finisher period. Feed conversion ratio in the RRB was inferior (p<0.05) to the DFRB. Between rice bran groups, weight gain was higher (pco.os) in FRB than in RRB during finisher period. There was a similar trend in growth performance of chicks for the overall period (0-6 week) as the finisher period. Dry matter and energy digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in extruded than in RRB group. Protein digestibility was improved (p<0.05) when rice bran was extruded, but not pelleted. The chicken meats from RRB showed higher (p<0.05) TBARS than those from FRB during storage for 4 weeks at $1^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, it would appear that feeding rancid rice bran gave negative effects on growth performance and lipid stability of meat in broiler chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1459-1465
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• 2013

Two in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of methylcellulose (MC) on i) bacterial detachment from rice straw as well as ii) inhibition of bacterial attachment and fiber digestibility. To evaluate the effect of MC on fibrolytic bacterial detachment (Exp 1), in vitro bacterial cultures with 0.1% (w/v) MC solution were compared with cultures without MC after 8 h incubation. The effect of MC on inhibition of bacterial attachment was determined by comparing with real-time PCR the populations of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus established on rice straw pre-treated with 0.1% MC with those on untreated straw after incubation for 0, 6 and 12 h (Exp 2). The major fibrolytic bacterial attachment on rice straw showed significantly lower populations with either the addition of MC to the culture or pre-treated rice straw compared to controls (p<0.05). Also, the digestibility of rice straw with MC was significantly lower compared with control (p<0.05). The F. succinogenes population did not show detachment from rice straw, but showed an inhibition of attachment and proliferation on rice straw in accordance with a decrease of fiber digestion. The detachments of Ruminococcus species co-existed preventing the proliferations with subsequent reduction of fiber degradation by MC during the incubation. Their detachments were induced from stable colonization as well as the initial adhesion on rice straw by MC in in vitro ruminal fermentation. Furthermore, the detachment of R. albus was more sensitive to MC than was R. flavefaciens. These results showed the certain evidence that attachment of major fibrolytic bacteria had an effect on fiber digestion in the rumen, and each of fibrolytic bacteria, F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus had a specific mechanism of attachment and detachment to fiber.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels and adaptation periods on digestible energy (DE) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in diets supplemented with wheat bran. Methods: Thirty-six crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of $85.0{\pm}2.1kg$ were allotted to 6 diets in a completely randomized block design with 6 pigs per diet. Diets included a cornsoybean basal diet and 5 additional diets which were formulated by replacing corn and soybean meal in control diet with 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, or 55% wheat bran. The experiment lasted for 34 d, and feces were collected from d 8 to 13, 15 to 20, 22 to 27, and 29 to 34 respectively. Results: The results showed no interaction effects between inclusion level and adaptation period on the concentration of DE and the ATTD of gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) in wheat bran. The DE value and ATTD of GE in wheat bran decreased (p<0.05) significantly as the inclusion level of wheat bran increased, but no difference in the ATTD of CP was observed. The ATTD of CP in wheat bran increased (p<0.10) significantly as the adaptation period for pigs was prolonged. In addition, the concentration of DE and the ATTD of GE in wheat bran decreased linearly (p<0.05) when pigs were fed either an increased level of wheat bran or given an increased adaptation period to the diets. Conclusion: Wheat bran showed a negative effect on the concentration of DE and ATTD of GE and CP as the inclusion level increased. A longer adaptation period can gradually increase the DE value and ATTD of GE and CP in wheat bran, and at least 14 to 21 d of adaptation might be recommended for growing-finishing pigs fed the high-fiber diets with wheat bran.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.531-539
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• 1994

본 연구는 모래밭버섯 균근균(菌根菌)(Pisolithus tinctorius)의 인공접종(人工接種)이 30년생(年生) 상수리나무와 소나무 조직배양묘(組織培養苗)의 줄기생장과 발근(發根)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하여, 조직배양(組織培養)을 통한 영양증식(營養增殖)에 균근균(菌根菌)의 잠재적(潛在的) 이용가능성(利用可能性)을 파악(把握)하고자 수행(遂行)하였다. 상수리나무의 아배양(芽培養)은 겨울철에 휴면상태(休眠狀態)에 있는 30년생(年生) 개체목(個體木)에서 채취(採取)한 휴면지(休眠枝)의 동아(冬芽)를 이용(利用)하여 실시(實施)하였고, 소나무의 기내삽목(器內揷木)은 종자(種子)에서 발아(發芽)한 실생묘(實生苗)를 이용(利用)하였다. 전반적(全般的)으로 상수리나무와 소나무 모두 모래밭버섯 균근균(菌根菌)의 접종(接種)으로 부정근(不定根)의 수(數), 길이, 발근율(發根率), 생존율(生存率) 등이 향상(向上)되었다. 소나무는 생존율(生存率)이 100%로 처리간(處理間)에 차이(差異)를 보이지 않았지만, 상수리나무에서는 접종구(接種區)가 100%인 반면(反面), 비접종구(非接種區)는 75%로 나타났다. 발근율(發根率)에 있어서도 소나무 기내삽목(器內揷木)에서는 발근율(發根率)이 비접종구(非接種區)에서 63%에 그친 반면(反面)에, 접종구(接種區)는 100%로 나타났고, 상수리나무는 비접종구(非接種區)가 20%로 매우 낮은 데 비(比)하여 접종구(接種區)가 70%로 유의적(有意的)인 균근균(菌根菌) 접종효과(接種效果)가 나타났다. 따라서 기내(器內) 삽목(揷木)과 조직배양(組織培養)에 균근균(菌根菌)을 응용(應用)함으로서, 발근유도(發根誘導)와 뿌리 발달(發達) 및 줄기 생장(生長)을 촉진(促進)시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대(期待)된다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2009

컴퓨터를 중심으로 한 IT 기술의 비약적인 발전과 더불어, 정보산업사회가 고도화되어 감에 따라 사용자 편리를 위한 인터페이스의 지능화, 인간화에 대한 요구가 나날이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 사용자의 요구에 따라 다양한 형태의 인간친화형 사용자 인터페이스 중, 인간의 뇌를 활용한 사용자 인터페이스 즉, BCI에 관한 연구가 최근 산발적으로 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 최근 연구 개발중인 다양한 형태의 BCI 관련 연구들은 DB구축과 관련된 원천기술 확보 측면의 연구가 배제된 체 응용기술 개발 위주로 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 이와 같은 문제점으로 인하여 BCI 관련 연구들은 연구 초기 수준을 극복하지 못하고 있으며, 체계적인 연구가 진행되어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. BCI 관련 연구의 경우 피험자로부터 수집되어지고 있는 뇌파 신호가 실험에 필요한 적절하고 의미 있는 신호인지 구분하기 힘든 실정이다. 또한, 뇌파 수집 시 실험에 불필요한 행동 즉, 심한 눈 깜박임, 침 삼키기, 얼굴 및 몸 움직임에 의한 근전도와 전극의 부착상태, 주변소음, 진동 둥 실험환경에 따른 잡파의 혼입으로 인하여 정확한 뇌파 DB수집에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 피험자의 움직임 및 실험환경에 의해 혼입된 잡파의 손상된 정보로 인해 BCI 시스템 구현 시 인식률 및 성능저하를 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 뇌파를 활용한 BCI 시스템 구현 시 보다 정확하고 높은 인식률을 위한 기반 연구로서 정확하고 효율적인 뇌파 DB구축 시스템을 제안하며, 잡파가 혼입된 뇌파 DB의 최소화를 위해 피험자의 얼굴 추적을 통하여 불필요한 행동 발생 시 DB수집의 사전 차단 및 자동 제어가 가능한 DB구축 시스템을 제안한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate any clinical studies regarding rhinitis published by the Korean Oriental Medical Society and its sub-societies for future rigorous clinical research. Methods: Every article relevant to rhinitis was initially obtained from journals of the Korean Oriental Medical Society and its sub-societies by electronic search at journal web sites or manual searches. Journals were limited to those registered with the Korea Research Foundation. From initial findings, two independent reviewers selected clinical articles and these articles were further analyzed separately by predefined criteria according to prospective and retrospective studies. For prospective studies, quality assessment was also conducted. Results: From 36 initially obtained articles, 17 were finally analyzed. 2 articles were randomized controlled studies, 6 articles were prospective whereas 9 were retrospective. In the prospective articles, there were no randomized controlled trials and the other non-randomized studies had no control group with several problems of quality regarding pre-calculated study size and unbiased assessment. None of the retrospective studies described rhinitis diagnosis objectively and outcome measures were either non-relevant to rhinitis or non-validated. Conclusions: Further well-designed randomized controlled studies for rhinitis are mandatory and more rigorous non-randomized controlled studies should be conducted.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.706-718
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• 1997

Ceramometal crowns are common restorations in fixed prosthodontics because of their casting accuracy, the high strength properties of the metal, and the cosmetic appearance of porcelain. However, deterioration of the initial fit of the metal coping has been observed after the porcelain firing cycle. The distortion due to repeated firing makes it difficult to fit crown margin and elicits microleakage. The major causes of distortion are the residual stress that accumulate during wax-up, casting, cold work and the induced stress caused by the mismatch of porcelain-metal thermal contraction. This study examined the marginal fit changes of metal copings in relation to repeated firing and the effects of heat treatment that reduce the distortion resulted from residual stress. The marginal changes of the copings that were treated with conventional method and those treated with heat before repeated firing, were evaluated. The metal die which represented preparations of a maxillary central incisor was fabricated, and 45 wax patterns were cast with nonprecious metal alloys. The heat treatment of each group was performed as follows. Group 1(control) : Casting - Devesting - Cold work - Firing Group 2 : Casting - Heat treatment - Devesting - Cold work - Firing Group 3 : Casting - Devesting - Cold work - Reinvesting - Heat treatment - Devesting - Firing The copings were fired 3 times. After each firing, the marginal fit changes were measured with inverted metallurgical microscope at the 4 reference points located at labial, lingual, and both proximal surface. Measurements were compared, and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows ; 1. In all groups, the highest value of marginal fit changes of the copings studied were found after the first firing cycle. 2. When the distortion of each experimental group at the first firing cycle were compared, group 1 exhibited the greatest changes($20-27{\mu}m$), followed by group 2($9-13{\mu}m$), and group 3($8-10{\mu}m$). 3. The copings treated with heat before devesting(group 2) revealed significantly smaller marginal fit changes than the copings treated with conventional method(group 1). (p<0.01) 4. The copings treated with heat after reinvesting(group 3) revealed significantly smaller marginal fit changes than the copings treated with conventional method(group 1). (p<0.01) 5. No siginificant differences in marginal fit changes were found between the copings treated with heat before devesting(group 2) and the copings treated with heat after reinvesting(group 3). (p>0.01)

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.753-757
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• 2014

산화전극부 전극은 단순히 전자를 받아 전달할 수 있는 역할 뿐만 아니라 공극이 많아 표면적이 큰 구조로 미생물을 고정화할 수 있는 표면적을 제공할 수 있어야 한다. 미생물의 수가 많을수록 폐수처리 효율과 전류발생을 높일 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 전극은 미생물연료전지의 효율을 높일 수 있는 중요한 역할을 하는 인자 중의 하나이다. 본 연구는 미생물연료전지에 사용하는 고가의 흑연펠트를 스텐철사 타래(철 수세미)로 대체할 수 있는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이 연구에 사용된 가축분뇨는 전처리를 거친 후 유기오염물질(COD)로 500 mg/L로 희석한 것을 이용하였고, 이때 전류 발생은 스텐철사 타래를 적용하였을 때 약 5% 정도 낮았지만 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유기오염물질(COD)의 감소는 스텐철사 타래를 이용하였을 때 88.3%이었으며, 흑연펠트를 사용하였을 때 82.4%로 스텐철사 타래의 제거율이 더 높게 나타났다. 암모니아성 질소 이온의 경우는 두 경우 모두 반응시간에 따라 농도 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과 스텐철사 타래를 적용하였을 때 전류발생이나 수처리 측면 모두 효과가 유사하거나 더 좋은 결과를 보였으며, 초기 시스템을 구축하는 비용을 약 1/50 정도로 줄일 수 있는 것으로 예상되어. 흑연펠트 대체제로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.