• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the similarity between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) titers and sample to positive ratio (S/P ratio) of Newcastle disease(ND) virus. To perform this study, the 372 sera of broiler chicks and 120 sera of layers and breed chicks were collected from slaughter house and farms, respectively. As a result of HI test out of different chicks, the positive percentage of ND antibody titer of broiler, layer and breeder, when a standard positive HI titer were '2', was 84.4%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The positive percentage of ND antibody titer by ELISA was shown 38.4%, 100% and 100% and S/P ratio were also shown 81.5%, 98.2% and 99.2%, respectively. The results of comparative survey with same sera by two experimental methods were as follows; In low HI titer, ELISA titer was not similar to HI titer, but S/P ratio was similar to it. In high HI titer, ELISA titer was not similar to HI titer. Therefore, HI titer was more similar to S/P ratio than ELISA titer.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.65-66
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• 2005

Anaerobic digestion is one of the well-known methods for biological treatment handling of concentrated organic matter such as swine $wastewater.^{1)} The anaerobic digestion can reduce organic loading but also hydrolyze non-biodegradable organic $matter.^{2)}$ The feces from the scrapper-type barn are usually collected to make compost and the urine is discarded with swine-slurry wastewater by ocean-dumping or treated by biological methods. The lagoon, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, SBR, $A^{2}/O$, and UCT have been applied for treating swine $wastewater.^{3)} In this study, as a result of the analysis of swine wastewater, the total and soluble chemical oxygen demand was 130g/L and 60g/L, respectively. And the volatile fatty acid as chemical oxygen demand equivalent was 45g/L, which was 75% of soluble chemical oxygen demand. Before everything else, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 6.5 g/L. From biochemical acidogenic potential test, it was concluded that the enhanced acidification process to manage swine waste should be operated in the ammonia nitrogen concentration of less than 1.2 g/L. In the result of seeding ratio experiments with artificial $wastewater^{4)}, the lag period of acidogens was taken the long time because of the inhibition by the $ammonia^{5)}$, however no difference of period by the seeding ratio was not shown. The Haldane-based biokinetics were also evaluated using a method of fourth order Runge-Kutta $approximation.^{6,7)}$ The nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method with a 95% confidence interval was also used. The ranges of maximum microbial growth rate, ${/mu_{max}}$, and half saturation coefficient, $K_{s}$, for acidogenesis of various seeding ratio with artificial wastewater were 6.1 ~ 12.6 $d^{-1}$ and 45,000 ~ 53,500 mg glucose/L, respectively. Also, the methanogenic microbial yield coefficient, Y, and microbial decay rate coefficient, $k_{d}$, and inhibition substrate concentration, $K_{si}$, for the reactors were determined to be 0.32 ~ 0.465 ${/mu}g$/mg glucose; 0.42 ~ 1.01 $d^{-1}$ and 51,500 ~ 55,600 mg glucose/L, respectively.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

황산염 환원조건에서의 리그노셀룰로오스의 분해에 대하여 고찰하였다. 특히, 리그닌에 대한 셀룰로오스의 비(C/L 비)를 각각 42.15, 4.59, 2.51, 1.14, 0.7로 하여 리그닌과 셀룰로오스의 상호작용에 대하여 고찰하였다. 셀룰로오스의 분해율은 1차 반응식에 의해 계산되어져, C/L 비가 감소할수록 반응상수는 감소하여 셀룰로오스의 분해에 대한 리그닌의 저해작용을 보여 주였다. 1차 반응식에 의한 반응상수와 리그닌의 함량의 증가에 대한 셀룰로오스의 분해율은 0.97의 $R^2$ 값을 가지며 로그힘수에 의해 표현할 수 있었다. 리그노셀룰로오스의 분해율 또한 C/L 비와 로그함수의 관계를 가지며 리그닌의 함량이 많을수록 감소하였다. 리그닌의 분해율은 C/L 비가 2.51 및 1.14인 조건에서 4.59 및 0.7의 조건보다 높게 나타나, 공동기질로서의 과도한 탄소원은 리그닌분해에 장애가 됨을 보여 주였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.609-614
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• 1997

땅콩의 무효개화를 유제하여 정입율이 높은 재배법을 강구하기 위하여 C-MH를 개화후 24, 28, 31일에 0.2％액, 0.1％액, 0.067％액으로 달리하여 처리한 시험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 주경장은 무처리에 비하여 38∼44％ 감소되었으나 분지수는 처리시기 및 처리농도에 관계없이 변화가 거의 없었다. 2. 처리후 28일의 개화유제율은 0.2∼0.1％액 처리시 29∼38％, 0.067％액 처리시 22％였다. 3. C-MH처리에 따른 완숙입율(=정입율)은 무처리구(56％)에 비하여 개화후 28일 처리시 55∼59％이고, 이 중 0.1％액 처리구에서 59％로서 3％가 향상되었다. 4. 개화후 28일에 0.1∼0.067％액처리구와 개화후 31일에 0.1％액처리구의 수량이 무처리구와 대등하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.434-444
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• 2022

Corrosion inhibitors based on Zn-Al hydrotalcites containing benzoate (ZnAlHB) with different molar ratios of Zn/Al were prepared with a co-precipitation process. Compositions and structures of the resulting hydrotalcites were studied with suitable spectroscopic methods such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface zeta potential measurements, respectively. Results of physico-chemical studies showed that crystallite sizes, compositions of products, and surface electrical properties were significantly changed when the molar ratio of Zn/Al was increased. The release of benzoate from hydrotalcites also differed slightly among samples. Anticorrosion abilities of hydrotalcites intercalated with benzoate at a concentration of 3 g/L on carbon steel were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and SEM. Corrosion inhibition abilities of benzoate modified hydrotalcites in 0.1 M NaCl showed an upward trend with increasing Zn/Al ratio. The reason for the dependence of corrosion resistance on the Zn/Al ratio was discussed, including changes in the microstructure of hydrotalcites such as crystal size, density, uniformity, and formation of ZnO.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1976

The Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ginseng extract on the tension-area curve for stearic acid monolayer. At the same time, the effects of Ginseng extract on osmotic and mechanical fragility of human red cells and histamine release from rabbit leukocytes were studied, The results are summarized as follows. 1. The Ginseng alcohol extract was found to expand liquid expanded phase of stearic acid monolayer, thus it is speculated that this agent may be acting as a surface active substance. 2. Osmotic hemolysis was inhibited by the Ginseng alcohol extract and the same effect was also observed in the presence of Ginseng saponin. However, the Ginseng alcohol extract was found to decrease hematocrit ratio of the RBC suspension, therefore, the inhibition of the osmotic hemolysis by this agent may be secondary effect to the reduced cell volume. 3. The mechanical hemolysis was also inhibited by the Ginseng alcohol extract but the inhibition was independent of changes in hematocrit ratio. 4. Histamine release from rabbit leukocytes was significantly increased in vitro in the presence of the Ginseng alcohol extract.(p<0.05)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.608-614
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the influcence of mugwort on the duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine administration in rats. Five groups of rats were fed each experimental diet containing 0%, 5%, 15%, 30% of mugwork powder for 10 weeks. Duodenal ulcer was induced by cysteamine injection (400mg/100g body weight) after 10 weeks of feeding experimental diets (C-0, C-5, C-15, C-30). Control animal that fed 0% mugwork powder added diet were injected saline (S-0) to compare with cysteamine injected groups. When the duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine-HCI administration, all animals in the C-0 group formed erosion and perforating ulcer was found in 44% of animals. Higher the added mugwork ratio, more inhibited of the duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine administration (C-5, C-15). But when the ratio of added mugwort is 30%, the inhibition effect disappeared (C-30). The alkaline phospatase activities were lower at the duodenal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa in the cysteamine treated groups(p<0.05). The acid phophatase activities were higher at the stomach, small intestine and large intestine of the cysteamine treated groups. But in mugwort added diet group, the changes of enzyme activites were lessended. The maltast activities were lower at the duodental mucosa and small intestinal mucosa of cysteamine treated groups. But in mugwort added diet group, maltase activites were recovered.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of gamma rays for inducing artificial mutation of several mutant characters in the flue-cured tobacco. 1) In Hicks and BY 104, the gammarays irradiation has no significantly different effect on seed germination from the control. However, the average dosage for 50% growth inhibition was 25-30kr for all the varieties tested, which inhibition 46-52% and 43-57% of the seedling growths for Hicks and BY 104, respectively. 2) A mutant line 83H-5 was selected from Hicks by irradiation gamma ray at the level of 30kr. It has white flower, more resistance to bacterial wilt, Pssudomonas solanacearum, lower plant and stalk height, narrower leaf width, larger leaf shape index(lento width) and later days to flower when compared with the original variety Hicks. 3) White flower was recessive to pink flower in F, and Br (F1 X Hicks) progenies. F2 population of the cross gave segregation ratio of 3 pink flower:1 white flower, and B, (F1 X 83H-5) Population gave 1:1 ratio. Results showed that the white flower character is governed by a single recessive gene.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 1996

To find pharmacologically active hybrids among the inter-order protoplast fusants of Lentinula edodes and Ginoderma lucidam the antitumor test was performed and the fusant P22 was selected among them. The hot water and alkaline extracts from the cultured mycelia of P22 were purified and separated into four fractions by DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day of each fractions was injected into ICR mice by i.p., the tumor inhibition ratio of Fr. IV against solid sarcoma 180 was the higher than any other fraction. Fr. IV was a protein-bound polysaccharide which was composed of 69. 12% polysacchafide and 9.76% protein and the molecular weight of Fr. IV was $6.7{\times}10^4$ dalton.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.459-464
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• 1996

Exo-polysaccharide (BWS) obtained from submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium was fractionated. Antitumor activity of their fractions was investigated in comparison with the mycelial polysaccharide fractions. Eight kinds (BWS-DN, BWS-DA, BWS-DN-GI, BWS- DA-GI, MWS-DN, MWS-DA, MWS-DN-GI and MWS-DA-GI) of polysaccharide fractions were obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel chromatography from BWS and MWS, which were isolated from culture fiuid and mycelial cell, respectively. The anticomplementary activities (ITCH$_{50}$%) of the exo-polysaccharide fractions showing 15% to 30% were lower than those of mycelial polysaccharide fractions showing 15% to 70%. The acidic fractions of BWS-DA and BWS-DA-GI fractionated from BWS, showed the highest activity of 30%. In the MTT assay, BWS-DN and MWS against mouse leukemia L1210 exhibited high inhibition ratio of 86 and 89%, respectively at the concentration of 600 $\mu$g/ml. High inhibition ratio of 50% (IC$_{50}$) was achieved for BWS, BWS-DA and MWS-DA fractions against human colon adenocarcinoma COLO-205 and for BWS-DA, BWS-DN and MWS-DN fractions against human leukemia HL-60 at the concentra- tion of 300 $\mu$g/ml among the six polysaccharide fractions, respectively.