• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

Background: Management of an agricultural food product system following a nuclear accident is indispensable for reducing radiation exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food. The present study analyzes the effect of agricultural countermeasures on ingestion dose following a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Agricultural countermeasures suitable for domestic farming environments were selected by referring to the countermeasures applied after the Fukushima accident in Japan. The avertable ingestion doses that could be obtained by implementing the selected countermeasures were calculated using the Korean Agricultural Countermeasure Analysis Program (K-ACAP) to investigate the efficiency of each countermeasure. Results and Discussion: Of the selected countermeasures, the management of crops was effective when radionuclide deposition occurred during the growing season of plants. Treatment by soil additive and topsoil removal was effective when deposition occurred during the nongrowing season of plants. The disposal of milk was not effective owing to the small contribution of milk to the overall ingestion dose. Clean feeding of livestock was effective when deposition occurred during the growing season of fodder plants such as pasture and rice-straw. Finally, the effect of food restriction increased with the soil deposition density of radionuclide. The practical effect of countermeasures was very small when the avertable ingestion dose was absolutely low. Conclusion: The agricultural countermeasures selected to reduce the radionuclide ingestion dose after a nuclear accident must be made appropriate by considering the accident situation, such as the soil deposition density of the radionuclide and the deposition date in relation to farming cycles.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

Background: This retrospective study investigated the incidence rate of accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion according to patient sex, age, and dental department. This study aimed to verify whether the incidence rate is higher in geriatric than in younger patients and whether it is different among dental departments. Methods: Accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion cases were collected from electronic health records and the safety report system of Yonsei University Dental Hospital from January 2011 to December 2017. The collected data included patients' age, sex, medical conditions, treatment procedures, and foreign objects that were accidentally aspirated or ingested. The incidence rate was calculated as the number of accidental foreign body aspirations and ingestions relative to the total number of patient visits. Differences depending on the patients' sex, age, and dental department were statistically identified. Results: There were 2 aspiration and 37 ingestion cases during the 7-year analysis period. The male to female incidence ratio was 2.8:1. The incidence rate increased with age and increased rapidly among those aged 80 years or older. Seven of the 37 patients with accidental foreign body ingestion had intellectual disability, Lou Gehrig's disease, dystonia, or oral and maxillofacial cancer. The incidence rate was highest in the Predoctoral Student Clinic and the Department of Prosthodontics. The most frequently swallowed objects were fixed dental prostheses and dental implant components. Conclusion: The incidence rate of accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion differed according to patient sex, age, and dental department. Dental practitioners must identify high-risk patients and apply various methods to prevent accidental foreign body aspiration and ingestion in dental clinics. Inexperienced practitioners should be particularly careful.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2005

강한 체력과 고도의 기술이 필요한 농구경기는 휴식시간중 보다 빠른 피로회복과 큰 신장이 경기의 승패를 결정짓는 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 선수들이 도핑의 위험성이 없고 우수한 효과의 ergogenic aids를 알아보고자 하계훈련기간중 사군자탕의 섭취가 피로 유발물질인 ammonia 농도의 변화와 성장에 관련 있는 IGF-I에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 고교 농구선수에게 6주간 사군자탕을 섭취시킨 결과 ammonia는 섭취기간에 따른 기간에 유의한 차이를 나타냈고, 섭취 기간에 따른 안정시 IGF-I의 농도가 통계적으로 유의한 차(p<.01)를 나타내 사군자탕이 경기 중 피로회복과 선수들의 성장에 보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2022

Population aging and the usage of small devices in implant prosthetic procedures have led to many incidents of dental aspiration and ingestion. Various preventive measures have been introduced to prevent these accidents. However, accidents can occur at any time. Dental aspiration and ingestion lead to fatal consequences if the issue is not promptly and appropriately dealt with. Preparing a collaborative system for dealing with accidents before they occur can prevent further sequelae. This study involves ingestion and aspiration accidents that occurred during dental treatment: two ingestion cases and one aspiration case. All dental foreign bodies were removed according to the guidelines presented in our review. With the cooperation of other medical departments, the issues were quickly resolved. Simple and accurate protocols should be provided to all dentists and dental staff to respond to such dental emergencies. In addition, collaboration among other medical departments should be established before any accidental ingestion and aspiration events occur.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2015

본 연구는 먹이생물의 종류와 서식 위치 (패각 크기)에 따라서 지중해담치의 여과율이 수온에 따라 어떻게 변동하는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험에 사용된 먹이생물은 Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros didymus and Prorocentrum dentatum의 3 종류이다. 지중해담치의 크기 (각고)는 중부조간대 상부 지역 (+ 5 cm MSL)에 서식하는 개체가 중부조간대 하부지역 (- 58 cm MSL)에 서식하는 개체보다 월등히 작았다. 지중해담치의 여수율과 섭식율은 먹이생물의 종류에 상관없이 중부조간대 상부에 서식하는 지중해담치가 중부조간대 하부에 서식하는 지중해담치보다 높은 값을 보였다. 전반적으로 수온에 따른 여수율과 섭식율 변동은 동일한 변동 양상을 보였다. 즉 수온이 상승함에 따라서 여수율과 섭식율도 증가하다가, 수온 $20-25^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 최대값을 보이며, 이 후 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 다항회귀분석식에서 추정한 최대 여수율과 섭식율을 보이는 이론적 적정 수온 역시 $20-25^{\circ}C$의 범위내로 나타났다. 먹이생물의 종류에 따라서는 여수율과 섭식율이 약간 다른 변동을 보였다. 대체적으로 여수율과 세포수 기준 섭식율은 지중해담치의 서식위치 (조고)나 먹이생물의 종류에 상관없이 거의 유사한 경향을 보였다. 반면에 탄소함량 기준 섭식율의 경우 먹이생물이 P. dentatum일 경우가 I. galbana나 C. didymus일 경우 보다 월등히 높은 값을 보였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2015

We explored phagotrophy of the phototrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum on the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. The ingestion and clearance rates of M. rubrum on Synechococcus as a function of prey concentration were measured. In addition, we calculated grazing coefficients by combining the field data on abundance of M. rubrum and co-occurring Synechococcus spp. with laboratory data on ingestion rates. The ingestion rate of M. rubrum on Synechococcus sp. linearly increased with increasing prey concentrations up to approximately 1.9 × 10⁶ cells mL^-1, to exhibit sigmoidal saturation at higher concentrations. The maximum ingestion and clearance rates of M. rubrum on Synechococcus were 2.1 cells predator^-1 h^-1 and 4.2 nL predator^-1 h^-1, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients attributable to M. rubrum on cooccurring Synechococcus spp. reached 0.04 day^-1. M. rubrum could thus sometimes be an effective protistan grazer of Synechococcus in marine planktonic food webs. M. rubrum might also be able to form recurrent and massive blooms in diverse marine environments supported by the unique and complex mixotrophic arrays including phagotrphy on hetrotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus as well as digestion, kleptoplastidy and karyoklepty after the ingestion of cryptophyte prey.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2016

Purpose: Aspiration pneumonia is an important complication of drug intoxication with decreased mental status. The purpose of the study is to investigate the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in the patients of benzodiazepine overdose with or without co-ingestion of other drugs. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who visited the emergency department between January 2012 and December 2014 was conducted. Demographic data, time from ingestion to visit, initial vital signs, symptoms, mental status, medical history, laboratory results, chest radiological findings and co-ingested medications were recorded. Multiple logistic analyses were performed to verify the association between variables and the development of aspiration pneumonia. Results: A total of 249 patients presented to the emergency department with benzodiazepine overdose. Aspiration pneumonia had developed in 24 patients (9.6%). Univariate analysis revealed time from ingestion to visit was longer, Glasgow coma scale score was lower, hypoxia was presented, leukocytosis was shown, types of ingested drugs was high, less activated charcoal was applied and tricyclic antidepressants was taken in patients that developed aspiration pneumonia. Time from ingestion to visit (odds ratio (OR) 1.121, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.057-1.189, p=0.000), GCS score (OR 0.724. 95% CI, 0.624-0.839, p=0.000), oxygen saturation (OR 0.895, 95% CI, 0.835-0.959, p=0.002), and co-ingestion of TCA (OR 4.595, 95% CI, 1.169-18.063, p=0.029) were identified as risk factors of morbidity of aspiration pneumonia upon multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Time from ingestion to visit, low GCS score, low oxygen saturation and co-ingestion of TCA were risk factors of the development of aspiration pneumonia in benzodiazepine overdose patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.482-483
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• 1997

Antifibrinolytic effect of lumbrokinase in mice, in vivo, was studied. Liquid phase lumbrokinse from Lumbricus rubellus was purified by column chromatography method. Lumbrokinase was orally inserted to mice. Although oral dosage of lumbrokinase, to investigate whether lumbrokinase in mice causes antifibrinolytic effect, we have concentration of lumbrokinase varied, and detection of antifibrinolytic effect was carried out using a FDP (fibrin degradation product) test and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity test. FDP test and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity test were compared the data of PBS ingestion. control with lumbrokinase ingestion. As a result, FDP was increased in 7.8mg, 26mg lumbrokinase concentrations after 25 hours succeeding oral prescription of lumbrokinase, and decreased after 49 hours, but 7.8mg lumbrokinase ingestion more increased than 26mg. Also, FDP of PBS ingestion control and 1.3mg lumbrokinase ingestion were not been observed nothing. Euglobulin fibrinolytic activity of PBS ingestion control and 1.3mg lumbrokinase ingestion were not been observed any clear zone after 8, 25, 48 hours, and 7.8mg and 26mg were observed the most largest clear zone after 25 hours and decreased after 48 hours. However, antifibrinolytic effect of oral prescription of lumbrokinase in mice was observed. Now we need to determine an efficient amount of lumbrokinase for antifibrinolytic effect.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ingestion exposure of lead by particle sizes of crumb rubber in artificial turf filling material with consideration of bioavailability. Methods: This study estimated the ingestion exposure by particle sizes (more than 250 um or less than 250 um) focusing on recyclable ethylene propylene diene monomer crumb rubber being used as artificial turf filling. Analysis on crumb rubber was conducted using body ingestion exposure estimate method in which total content test method, acid extraction method and digestion extraction method are reflected. Bioavailability which is a calibrating factor was reflected in ingestion exposure estimate method and applied in exposure assessment and risk assessment. Two methods using acid extraction and digestion extraction concentration were compared and evaluated. Results: As a result of the ingestion exposure of crumb rubber material, the average lead exposure amount to the digestion extraction result among crumb rubber was calculated to be $1.56{\times}10^{-4}$ mg/kg-day for low grade elementary school students and $4.87{\times}10^{-5}$ mg/kg-day for middle and high school students in 250 um or less particle size, and that to the acid extraction result was higher than the digestion extraction result. Results of digestion extraction and acid extraction showed that the hazard quotient was estimated by about over 2 times more in particle size of lower than 250 um than in higher than 250 um. There was a case of an elementary school student in which the hazard quotient exceeded 0.1. Conclusions: Results of this study confirm that the exposure of lead ingestion and risk level increases as the particle size of crumb rubber gets smaller.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2020

[Purpose] Milk is a commonly ingested post-exercise recovery protein source. Casein protein, found in milk, is characterized by its slow digestion and absorption. Recently, several studies have been conducted with a focus on how pre-sleep casein protein intake could affect post-exercise recovery but our knowledge of the subject remains limited. This review aimed at presenting and discussing how pre-sleep casein protein ingestion affects post-exercise recovery and the details of its potential effector mechanisms. [Methods] We systematically reviewed the topics of 1) casein nutritional characteristics, 2) pre-sleep casein protein effects on post-exercise recovery, and 3) potential effector mechanisms of pre-sleep casein protein on post-exercise recovery, based on the currently available published studies on pre-sleep casein protein ingestion. [Results] Studies have shown that pre-sleep casein protein ingestion (timing: 30 minutes before sleep, amount of casein protein ingested: 40-48 g) could help post-exercise recovery and positively affect acute protein metabolism and exercise performance. In addition, studies have suggested that repeated pre-sleep casein protein ingestion for post-exercise recovery over a long period might also result in chronic effects that optimize intramuscular physiological adaptation (muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy). The potential mechanisms of pre-sleep casein protein ingestion that contribute to these effects include the following: 1) significantly increasing plasma amino acid availability during sleep, thereby increasing protein synthesis, inhibiting protein breakdown, and achieving a positive protein balance; and 2) weakening exercise-induced muscle damage or inflammatory responses, causing reduced muscle soreness. Future studies should focus on completely elucidating these potential mechanisms. [Conclusion] In conclusion, post-exercise ingestion of at least 40 g of casein protein, approximately 30 minutes before sleep and after a bout of resistance exercise in the evening, might be an effective nutritional intervention to facilitate muscle recovery.