• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2012

Purpose: A retrospective study with a literature review was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics and prognosis after the acute ingestion of glacial acetic acid. Methods: The medical records of 20 patients,who had presented to the emergency department of Ajou University Hospital complaining of the acute ingestion of glacial acetic acid between January 2006 and December 2011, were examined retrospectively. Results: Among the 172 patients admitted for caustics injury, 20 patients ingested glacial acetic acid. The mean age of the patients was $55{\pm}23.5$, and the mean volume of the acid was $84.5{\pm}71.3$ ml. The clinical features included 1) oral ulcers in 12 patients (63.2%), 2) respiratory difficulties in 11 patients (57.9%), 3) oliguria in 8 patients (42.1%), 4) renal toxicity in 7 patients (36.8%), 5) hepatic failure in 7 patients (36.8%), 6) disseminated intravascular boagulopathyin 7 patients (36.8%), 7) low blood pressure in 8 patients (42.1%), and 8) mental changes in 9 patients (47.4%). Ten patients required endotracheal intubation. Nine patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 5 patients expired. Conclusion: The ingestion of glacial acetic acid can cause severe symptoms, such as metabolic acidosis, multiple organ failure and upper airway swelling frequently and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, aggressive treatment, including endotracheal intubation, should be considered at the early stages.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

Purpose: The Rumack-Matthew nomogram cannot be applied in managing overdose by extended release (ER) preparation acetaminophen (AAP). This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of ER preparation AAP overdose in order to develop a treatment recommendation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients presented to the emergency department as a result of AAP overdose from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010. Only those patients who ingested an ER preparation of AAP were included in the study. Their blood AAP concentrations were measured at 4 and 8 hours after ingestion. Clinical variables related to AAP intoxication were analyzed. Results: Of the total 108 AAP overdose patients identified during the 3-year period, 20 suffered specifically with ER preparation AAP overdose. The mean estimated ingestion amount was 167.5 mg/kg. Treatments including gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) were performed on 10, 14, and 11 patients, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was diagnosed in only one patient who was then successfully treated with NAC. In another case, blood AAP concentration continued to increase until at least 11-hours after ingestion. Conclusion: This study suggested that blood AAP concentrations associated with ingestion of ER formulations of AAP, may increase in an extended manner. Therefore, multiple sampling and longer periods between samples assessing AAP blood concentration may be required for incidences of extended release overdose.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2002

To determine the effect of body size on the clearance rate and ingestion rate of small intertidal bivalves, Glauconome chinensis, feeding experiments were conducted on individuals of 12 different size classes, from 4 to 16 mm in shell length. Relationships between morphological parameters were also determined. The clearance and ingestion rates of G. chinensis responded similarly to their body size, ranging from 1.3 to 28.2 mL/hr/ind. and from 24.0 to 458.5, ${\mu}gC/hr/ind$., respectively. Both rates increased significantly (p<0.001) as shell length increased from 4 to 9 mm, although neither rate changed significantly when shell length was in the range from 12 to 16 mm. The weight-specific clearance rate $(CR_w)$ and ingestion rate $(IR_w)$ decreased with increasing body size, with values from 1.0 to 3.1 L/hr/g and from 17.9 to 51.3 mgC/hr/g, respectively. The $CR_w$ of G. chinensis was intermediate compared to those of larger bivalve species. The clearance rate (CR) relative to flesh dry weight (FDW) of G. chinensis were fitted well to the power function: $CR=0.43\times(FDW)^{0.71}\;(r^2=0.89)$. The exponent of fitting equation (0.71) of G. chinensis was higher than those of Mytilus edulis (Walne, 1972), Crassostrea gigas (Walne, 1972), and Placopecten magellanicus (MacDonald and Thompson, 1986).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2015

Eosinophilic lung diseases are heterogeneous disorders characterized by varying degrees of pulmonary parenchyma or blood eosinophilia. Causes of eosinophilic lung diseases range from drug ingestion to parasitic or fungal infection as well as idiopathic. The exact pathogenesis of eosinophilic lung disease remains unknown. Urushiol chicken can frequently cause allergic reactions. Contact dermatitis (both local and systemic) represents the most-common side effect of urushiol chicken ingestion. However, there has been no previous report of lung involvement following urushiol chicken ingestion until now. A 66-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with exertional dyspnea. Serial chest X-ray revealed multiple migrating infiltrations in both lung fields, with eosinophilic infiltration revealed by lung biopsy. The patient had ingested urushiol chicken on two occasions within the 2 weeks immediately prior to disease onset. His symptoms and migrating lung lesions were resolved following administration of oral corticosteroids.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1970

The effects of excess salt ingestion or/and a prolonged electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus on the arterial blood pressure were studied in cats. The average mean arterial pressure determined in 12 control animals were $112.2{\pm}2.6\;mmHg$. In 15 animals in which 2% NaCl solution (2g/Kg of body wegight/day) was given for 20 days, average mean arterial pressure elevated to $147.7{\pm}6.1\;mmHg$. It was also found in four of them that salt-induced high blood pressure started to decline when salt solution was replaced by tap water. On the other hand, No change in average mean arterial pressure was observed in 10 animals, whose hypothalamus had been electrically stimulated for 28 days. In 11 animals in which the hypothalamus was stimulated with simultaneous excess salt ingestion for 20 days, there was a marked elevation in average mean arterial pressure which, however, does not significantly differ from that observed in excess salt ingested group. From the results obtained from the present experiment, it is concluded that 1) the hypertension is induced by an excess salt ingestion in cats, 2) the mean arterial pressure of cats is not affected at least by an increment of sympathetic tone for 4 weeks resulting from the electrical stimulation of posterior area of the hypothalamus, 3) in sodium·induced high blood pressure cats, four weeks of increment in sympathetic tone by the hypothalamic stimulation does not further elevate mean arterial pressure.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2008

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common diseases in elderly men. Recently, the old-aged population has increased, with the interest in the clinical importance of BPH ever growing. This study is designed to investigate the effects of KH-305 on BPH induced rat. The herb formulation KH-305 is consisted of Rubus coreanus, Cornus officinalis and Cuscuta chinensis. An experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats by the administration of testosterone propionate, 3 mg/kg SC, for 2 months. The rats were divided into 3 experimental groups: the control, BPH-induced, oral KH-305 ingestion group. After 2 months, the prostates were removed, and analyzed for their prostatic weight and histological examination. The prostate weights were measured in each group, and found to be 820${\pm}$38mg, 3140${\pm}$26mg, 1880${\pm}$21mg in the control, BPH-induced, and oral KH-305 ingestion group, respectively. The BPH induced group showed statistically significant increases in their prostatic weights compared with control group(p<0.05) but oral KH-305 ingestion group showed more significant decreases than BPH-induced group statically(p<0.05). Histologically injected testosterone lead to prostatic hyperplasia in rats, but oral KH-305 ingestion decreased this change. These results suggest that KH-305 may be effective in treatment of BPH, and complementary medicine of BPH.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with cardiotoxicity caused by ingestion of Himalayan mad honey. Methods: Medical records of 12 patients who presented to the ED from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2012 with cardiotoxicity caused by ingestion of Himalayan mad honey were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age of patients was 54.5 years and 58.3% were men. The median amount of mad honey ingested was 30.0 cc, and the mean time from ingestion to onset of symptoms was 39.4 minutes. All patients had hypotension and bradycardia upon arrival in the ED. The initial electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia in seven patients, junctional bradycardia in four patients, and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response in one patient. Four patients were treated with intravenous normal saline solution only. Eight patients were treated with intravenous normal saline solution and atropine sulfate in a dose ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg. Blood pressure and pulse rate returned to normal limits within 24 hours in all patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that all patients with cardiotoxicity caused by ingestion of Himalayan mad honey had severe hypotension, bradycardia, and bradyarrythmias, including sinus bradycardia and junctional bradycardia and all patients responded well to conservative treatment, including intravenous normal saline solution and intravenous atropine sulfate.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

Purpose: Though caustic injury of the upper digestive tract can lead to severe sequelae, there are few clinical studies on this subject. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical characteristics, the endoscopic findings and the risk factors of the upper digestive lesions in patient with caustic ingestion injury. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 137 patients who ingested caustic materials and who visited to our emergency room from January, 2000 to June, 2009. Results: The most common ingested agent was sodium hypochlorite (44.5%), followed by acetic acid (19.7%), hydrochloric acid (11.7%) and lye (8.0%). Ingestion for suicidal attempt (62.0%) was more frequent than accidental ingestion (30.7%). Grade IIa injury was the most frequent finding on endoscopy of the esophagus and Grade 1 injury was the most frequent finding on endoscopy of the stomach. For the late sequelae, there were 9 cases (6.6%) of esophageal stricture and 2 cases (1.5%) of gastric outlet obstruction. The initial signs and symptoms did not correlate with the development of stricture, but leukocytosis, and grade III injury were related to the risk of developing stricture. Conclusion: Caustic injury of the upper gastrointestinal tract is frequently observed on early endoscopy and it can cause significant late sequelae such as stricture. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these patients with regular follow up endoscopic examinations for the management of late sequelae.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

목적: 혈 중 알코올 농도의 증가가 시력 및 시 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 체중 kg당 0.7g의 알코올을 섭취하고 1시간, 4시간 및 24시간이 경과한 후의 혈 중 알코올 농도, 시력, 굴절이상도, 폭주근점, 상대조절력, 사위, 그리고 상대폭주력의 변화를 측정하고 분석하였다. 결과: 알코올 섭취 1시간 경과 후, 혈 중 알코올 농도는 가장 높았고 근시화 및 측정 폭주근점, 양성 음성상대폭주력과 사위도의 변화가 가장 크게 나타났다. 그러나 알코올 섭취 24시간 경과 후에는 대부분의 검사값들이 알코올 섭취 전의 90%~99% 수준까지 복귀되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 혈 중 알코올 농도의 증가는 시력 및 시 기능 진단에 의의있는 변화를 일으킬 수 있으므로, 굴절검사 및 시 기능검사 전 알코올 섭취에 대한 사전 정보를 충분히 파악하여야 할 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1695-1700
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• 2007

본 연구의 목표는 발효식품인 된장의 섭취가 Helicobacter pylori에 의한 감염의 억제에 효과가 있음을 확인하는데 있다. 된장 추출물과 된장으로부터 분리된 균이 H. pylori의 생장을 억제시키는지 여부를 표준균주인 H. pylori ATCC 26695와 위궤양 환자의 조직으로부터 분리한 H. pylori 균주를 대상으로 실시하였다. 된장 추출물과 된장으로부터 분리된 대부분의 세균은 H. pyloir의 생장을 억제하였다. 된장의 섭취효과를 측정하기 위해 무자각 증상의 H. pylori 보균자를 대상으로 $^{13}C$-요소호기검사법을 실시하였으며, H. pylori 감염 농도는 ${\Delta}^{13}C(T_1-T_0)$ 값(P)으로 판정하였다. 1일 30 g ($10g{\times}3$회)씩 6주간 섭취한 지원자들의 섭취 전 후의 P값은 58에서 28로 감소하여 H. pylori의 밀도가 낮아졌음을 입증하였다. 즉, 된장이 위 점막에서 H. pylori의 생장을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다.