• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2012

During maxillofacial surgery, the infraorbital and mental nerves are blocked at eac foramen to induce local anesthesia. This study examined the relative locations of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and mental foramen (MF) based on softtissue landmarks. Twenty-eight hemifacial cadavers were dissected to expose the IOF and MF. The distances between the bilateral IOFs, the bilateral MFs, the alae of the nose (alares), and the corners of the mouth (cheilions) were measured directly on cadavers by using a digital vernier caliper. The vertical and horizontal distances of the IOF and MF relative to the alare and cheilion were measured indirectly on digital photographs using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, CA, USA). The distance between the bilateral IOFs ($58.09{\pm}4.04mm$) was longer than the distance between the bilateral MFs ($50.32{\pm}1.93mm$). The distances between the bilateral alares and cheilions were $41.22{\pm}3.44mm$ and $58.43{\pm}6.62mm$, respectively. The IOF was located $12.92{\pm}3.75mm$ superior and $7.88{\pm}2.56mm$ lateral to the alare, and the vertical angle (Angle 1) between these structures was $31.67{\pm}13.36^{\circ}$ superolaterally. The MF was located $21.83{\pm}3.26mm$ inferior and $5.56{\pm}3.37mm$ medial to the cheilion, and the vertical angle (Angle 2) between these structures was $14.05{\pm}10.12^{\circ}$ inferomedially. In conclusion, these results provide more detailed information about the locations of the IOF and MF relative to soft-tissue landmarks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.427-435
• /
• 2010

We extracted core terms by constructing scientific item networks from textbooks, analyzing their structures, and investigating the connected information and their relationships. For this research, we chose three high-school textbooks from different publishers for each three subjects, i.e, Science, Biology I and Biology II, to construct networks by linking scientific items in each sentence, where used items were regarded as nodes. Scientific item networks from all textbooks showed scare-free character. When core networks were established by applying k-core algorithm which is one of generally used methods for removing lesser weighted nodes and links from complex network, they showed the modular structure. Science textbooks formed four main modules of physics, chemistry, biology and earth science, while Biology I and Biology II textbooks revealed core networks composed of more detailed specific items in each field. These findings demonstrate the structural characteristics of networks in textbooks, and suggest core scientific items helpful for students' understanding of concept in Science and Biology.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2007

DNA repair means a collection of processes that a cell identifies and corrects damage to genome sequence. The DNA repair processes are important because a genome would not be able to maintain its essential cellular functions without the processes. In this research, we make some gene regulatory networks of DNA repair in S. cerevisiae to know how each gene interacts with others. Two approaches are adapted to make the networks; Bayesian Network and ARACNE. After construction of gene regulatory networks based on the two approaches, the two networks are compared to each other to predict which genes have important roles in the DNA repair processes by finding conserved interactions and looking for hubs. In addition, each interaction between genes in the networks is validated with interaction information in S. cerevisiae genome database to support the meaning of predicted interactions in the networks.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2010

We have successfully applied the nested PCR to detect Cylindrocarpon destructans, a major pathogen causing root rot disease from ginseng seedlings in our former study. The PCR assay, in this study, was used to detect the pathogen from soils. The nested PCR using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 4 primer set and Dest 1, 4 primer set maintained the specificity in soils containing various microorganisms. For a soil DNA extraction method targeting chlamydospores, when several cell wall disrupting methods were tested, the combination of lyophilization and grinding with glass beads, which broke almost all the chlamydospores, was the strongest. The DNA extraction method which was completed based on the above was simple and time-saving because of exclusion of unnecessary stages, and efficient to apply in soils. As three ginseng fields whose histories were known were analyzed, the PCR assay resulted as our expectation derived from the field information. The direct PCR method will be utilized as a reliable and rapid tool for detecting and monitoring C. destructans in ginseng fields.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2008

Living organisms are comprised of various systems at different levels, i.e., organs, tissues, and cells. Each system carries out its diverse functions in response to environmental and genetic perturbations, by utilizing biological networks, in which nodal components, such as, DNA, mRNAs, proteins, and metabolites, closely interact with each other. Systems biology investigates such systems by producing comprehensive global data that represent different levels of biological information, i.e., at the DNA, mRNA, protein, or metabolite levels, and by integrating this data into network models that generate coherent hypotheses for given biological situations. This review presents a systems biology framework, called the 'Integrative Proteomics Data Analysis Pipeline' (IPDAP), which generates mechanistic hypotheses from network models reconstructed by integrating diverse types of proteomic data generated by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses. The devised framework includes a serial set of computational and network analysis tools. Here, we demonstrate its functionalities by applying these tools to several conceptual examples.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.863-879
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze task commitment types of science learning in high school students' biology classification. Thirty students were selected as the representatives of five task commitment types according to task commitment type inventory scores. They participated in think-aloud biology classification task. To analyze the procedural characteristics of task commitment, a coding scheme and think-aloud task were developed. Characteristics of respective task commitment types were identified from the result of the think-aloud protocol coding analysis. They are TGC(task goal commitment) type, LGC(low goal commitment) type, CC(conditional commitment) type, SC(suspended commitment) type, and DC(delayed commitment) type. Findings gained from this study are expected to serve as the foundation of task commitment enhancement strategies and as the information on the characteristics of each task commitment type. Also, future studies are required to investigate the commitment-related properties not only in biology classification but also in other science learning situations.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2005

From the RT-PCR amplifications using mRNA templates isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat brains, we isolated a cDNA fragment of 1,524 bp which covered the full coding information of the rat brain CYP2El. Its nucleotide sequence was identical to the previously reported rat liver CYP2El mRNA except for the difference of one base (A to C at the nucleotide position 73). This difference also altered the amino acid Lys to GIn. However, no insertion or deletion of nucleotide(s) which could alter the reading frame was found within the structure of this rat brain CYP2El. This study should provide the molecular basis regarding the pathophysiological function of CYP2El in the brain.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2021

Evidence highlighting the importance of gut microbiota in biodiversity conservation is growing; however, gut bacteria in South Korean wildlife have not been well identified. Using a culture-dependent isolation method, we identified the gut bacteria from Korean aquatic wildlife: the gazami crab (Portunus trituberculatus), Korean striped bitterling (Acheilognathus yamatsutae), oily bitterling (Acheilognathus koreensis), leopard mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri), Korean dark chub (Zacco koreanus), diving beetle (Cybister lewisianus), spotted steed (Abbottina springeri), and Korean spotted sleeper (Odontobutis obscura interrupta). We identified 18 strains previously unrecorded in South Korea by comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates against the EzBioCloud and National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR) databases. The isolated strains belong to the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. We also assessed for phylogenetic relatedness, Gram-stain reaction, colony and cell morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Basic information and 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were registered in NIBR, and NIBR accession numbers are provided.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.337-345
• /
• 2024

This study looked at some biometric and reproductive aspects of the Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) - the overexploited fish species in the Geray Reservoir as a foundation to develop an efficient fisheries management strategy. 50 fish samples (20 to 44 cm and 130 to 2,400 g) were collected between October and May 2022 using a cast net with a mesh size of 6 cm. The ratio of male to female C. carpio (1:0.52) was deviating from the anticipated 1:1 ratio. The absolute fecundity of C. carpio was relatively low (12,375 to 31,392 eggs). Gonadosomatic index varied from 0.01 to 4.6 (male) to 0.24-12.75 (female), and the spawning period of C. carpio extended from December to January. The length-weight relationships for males (TW = 0.0009TL^3.87) and females (TW = 0.0007L^3.97) indicate that C. carpio had positive allometric growth; which may have been caused by unsuitable habitat conditions and overfishing. There is a need to develop fisheries management like implementing integrated conservation efforts and reducing wetland farming. For this, this information provides a baseline data.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 2001

Today information is important for man and total fields. Science field is not exception. Currently information age things of information is only useful for man and total industry. So bioinformation is necessary of biodiversity in broadly wide and detailed information. Among information, bioinformation of biodiversity is important and utilization of living things. Among them, the mushroom(higher fungi) are an important part in ecosystem as a decomposer responsible for recycling materials. Many living things today, however, have endangered by environmental pollution and ecological destruction. The higher fungi also are not exception. Mushroom has been used for food sources, pharmacy and forests resources from ancient times. Among biodiversity, database of mushroom is very necessary for university, institute and industry. This DB contains four items of native mushroom(higher fungi) from Korea. first item contain species, genus, family, order class, ad division according to the classification. Second item contain pharmaceutical purpose, food source, culture, toxic, anti-cancer of the application. Third item contain symbiosis, rotten trees of the ecological resources. Fourth item contain geographical distribution and illustrated literature. Information system is also available using KRISTAL II for searches on the WEB in URL http://ruby. kisti. re. kr/∼mushroom.