• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

With the development of information technology (IT), various information systems (IS) such as Web-based systems and mobile systems have appeared utilizing different technologies. However, recent studies on IS use and user satisfaction rarely account for technological differences among IS and environmental characteristics where IS are intended to be used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of the use of Web-based ticketing systems for cultural activities and to empirically validate their relationships. Environmental psychology suggests that human beings respond to external stimuli from environments with their emotions, and their emotional states influence human actions, e.g., IS use in this research. Applying environmental psychology to the use of Web-based systems in the culture and entertainment industry, we propose that web site characteristics first influence a user's internal state of mind (i.e., flow) and then the flow state influences the IS use. Studies related to the state of flow collectively affirm the key role played by the flow construct in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors toward IS. Users' flow states are captured by their shopping enjoyment, perceived behavioral control, and the level of concentration on the IS use. Referring to social presence theory, we have included such web site characteristics as content quality, context of web site, and community quality. In our research model, a second order construct is utilized to represent web site quality, because flow theory suggests that holistic experiences with web-based systems (rather than individual characteristics of the web site) are important in explaining the IS use. Further, we have included trust as another important factor influencing the IS use since business transactions on the web encompass higher uncertainty comparing to offline transactions. In order to test our hypotheses, we have conducted an online survey which results in 1,141 valid responses in the final sample. The data were collected from respondents who have experiences in Internet ticketing systems. Although it was a convenient sample, the sample represents a wide variety of user demographics. Validity and reliability of the research instrument were tested and research hypotheses were examined using PLS Graph 3.0. The results indicate that web site characteristics significantly influence the level of user concentration, user's enjoyment in shopping, and perceived behavioral control. Further, the use of Internet ticketing systems is influenced by users' flow states and trust in the web channel. User satisfaction is turned out to be affected by the use of Internet ticketing systems. Unlike extant research on the relationship between web site characteristics and its use, our study has found that, in the culture and entertainment industry, the impact of web site characteristics on IS use is mediated by a user's flow state. This finding has a practical implication that web site design should include as many features that enhance shopping enjoyment and concentration. Other practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4914-4923
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing job satisfaction to job stress of physician assistant(PA) nurses. This research design was a descriptive study. The subjects in this study were 104 PA nurses. Data were collected from September 1, 2010 to January 10, 2011, and analyzed by SPSS PASW statistics 18.0 program. The mean score of men on the job stress was 43.47(${\pm}13.77$), The mean score of women was 45.07(${\pm}9.78$). The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.72(${\pm}0.30$). There was no statistical difference between general characteristics and job satisfaction. There were statistical difference between unmarried subjects and organizing system(p<.05), inadequate compensation(p<.01). In the results of multivariate regression analysis, adjusted $R^2$ value was 0.567. The model fit was 56.7%. Job satisfaction was low in the insufficient job control and inadequate organizing system. It is hospital policies for the reduction of job stress(particularly, insufficient job control, and organizing system stress).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.582-590
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between suicidal attitude and suicidal ideation of college students and also to provide the fundamental data in order to strengthen both the standard and the recommendation of media coverage in Korea. A total of 249 college students over the age of 18 years in B city and G do were enrolled for this study. The data were collected between June 9 and July 7 of 2014 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SPSS 21.0. The mean score of a message of suicidal motivation reports 2 was $51.06{\pm}10.55$, which was the highest. The score of suicidal ideation was $10.41{\pm}12.88$. There were sign&ificant differences in suicidal thought with respect to school system, family income, pocket money, time of physical activity, smoking, and smart-phone usage in university students. It was shown that suicidal thoughts were significantly correlated with message of simple suicidal reports 1(r=.303, p<.001), message of suicidal motivation reports 2(r=.251, p<.001), and message of suicidal mourning man reports 3(r=.225, p<.001). As the suicidal attitude have a close association with reports of suicide, it is necessary that studies on a variety of factors influencing suicidal thoughts of students be repeated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.619-627
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between metacognition, self-efficacy and self-leadership among nursing students, and to investigate the factors influencing self-leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 445 nursing students of S university in S city. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from May 23 to June 10 and analyzed based on frequencies, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression, which were conducted using the IBM SPSS 21.0 program. The mean value of self-leadership was 3.54, which was significantly positively correlated with metacognition (r=0.670, p<0.001) and self-efficacy (r=0.742, p<0.001) in nursing students. Self-efficacy, metacognition, religion and satisfaction of their major explained 62.2% of the total variance in self-leadership among nursing students ($R^2=0.622$, p<0.001). Overall, self leadership should be strengthened by increasing the self-efficacy and metacognition of nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.589-598
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among the variables and the influence of academic self-efficacy and critical thinking disposition on the problem solving ability of nursing students. A descriptive research design was employed in this study. The participants were 404 sophomore nursing students in D city, who were surveyed between May 2 and May 20, 2016, using self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Significant correlations among the academic self-efficacy, critical thinking disposition, and problem solving ability were found. In academic self-efficacy and critical thinking disposition, there were significant differences in gender, academic credit, interpersonal relationship, and satisfaction with nursing as a major. The problem solving ability showed statistically significant differences in academic credit, interpersonal relationships, and satisfaction with nursing as a major. The regression model explained 51.7% of the effect on the problem solving ability. Academic self-efficacy and critical thinking disposition were factors influencing the problem solving ability of nursing students. Based on these results, to increase problem solving ability of nursing students, it will be necessary to develop an educational program and strategy for improving the academic self-efficacy and critical thinking disposition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.449-458
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• 2017

This research is a descriptive correlation research for comprehending the end of life care stresses, work environment, and reduction of nurses in geriatric hospitals and analyzing the factors influencing their burnout. We recruited 195 nurses from 8 geriatric hospitals in B metropolitan city and collected data on the end of life care stress, work environment and reduction using organized questionnaires. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The average grade of end life care stress was $3.84{\pm}0.56$, nursing work environment $3.25{\pm}0.60$, and burnout $2.93{\pm}0.52$. There was a positive correlation between the end of life care stress and reduction(r=.206, p=.004) but a negative correlation between nursing work environment and reduction(r=-.431, p<.001). The most influential factor on the reduction was nursing satisfaction(${\beta}=-.302$), followed by work environment(${\beta}=-.294$), age(${\beta}=.286$), duty style(${\beta}=-.17$), and end of life care stress(${\beta}=.164$). The overall explanatory power was 41.2%.These results suggest that in order to minimize the reduction of nurses in geriatric hospitals, the provision of a supportive work environment which enhances their pride and responsibility as a nurse and offers incentives is required with effective distribution of duties, development of the end of life nursing education and administrative tools for reducing their stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.253-260
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the effect of self-leadership and resilience on the college adjustment of nursing students. The data were collected from May 20 to June 10, 2016, by questionnaire from 232 nursing students. The instruments for this study were self-leadership, resilience, and college adjustment. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. According to the results, the general characteristics of the nursing students having a significant effect on their college adjustment were the school year (F=4.952, p=.002) and major satisfaction (F=13.052, p<.001). The correlations among self-leadership, resilience, and college adjustment were significant. The significant factors influencing their college adjustment were their positive tendencies (${\beta}=0.494$, p<.001) of resilience, behavior-focused strategies (${\beta}=-0.247$, p<.001) and natural reward strategies (${\beta}=0.168$, p=.015) of self-leadership. In conclusion, attention should be paid to such actions as regular consultations to improve the major satisfaction of nursing students and it is necessary to develop a program that increases their positive tendencies, behavior-focused strategies, and natural reward strategies. Thus, it is necessary to provide support so that nursing students can continue their university life and be able to grow as healthy adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.236-244
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship amongst emotional labor, communication competence, resilience, and clinical nursing performance of university hospital nurses, and to identify the influencing factors on job performance of clinical nurses who work at two university hospitals. The data was collected using questionnaires from 216 nurses in February 2016. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using IBM SPSS 22. There were differences in communication competence (F=3.679, p=.003), resilience (F=7.909, p<.003), and nursing performance (F=2.331, p=.044) correlates with the frequency of leisure activity. The significant relationships were found among age (r=.242, p<.001), years of service (r=.278, p<.001), emotional labor (r=.211, p=.002), communication competence (r=.585, p<.001), and resilience (r=.431, p<.001) with nursing performance in university hospital nurses. The result of the stepwise multiple regression indicates that communication competence and years of service predict 40.9% (F=75.356, p<.001) in nursing performance of university hospital nurses. The most powerful predictor was communication competence (${\beta}=.581$, p<.001), followed by years of service (${\beta}=.268$, p<.001). In conclusion, to enhance nursing performance for university hospital nurses, it is necessary to develop and utilize educational programs that enhance the communication competence and to develop strategies to support leisure activities for university hospital nurses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2004

The objective was to evaluate the factors influencing on the growth of children aged 3 - 6 years by mini dietary assessment and anthropometric indices in 556 children and by analyzing mineral contents of hair from 273 children by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean concentration of zinc (Zn) in hair was 68.9 $\pm$ 31.1 ppm and the zinc level of 91 ％ children was less than 60％ of the reference value of 180 ppm. The mean content of lead (Pb) in hair was 1.76 $\pm$ 1.20 ppm, but only 67％ of 273 children was within the reference value of 2 ppm and the lead level of 33％ of children was 2 - 4 times higher than the reference value. The level of Zn was negatively correlated with Pb content (r = -0.305, p 〈 0.01). Hair Zn content, regardless of age, was significantly positively correlated with height (r = 0.214) and body weight (r = 0.159). The height of 95.3％ children was belonged to the normal range of 90 - 109.9％ of standard value and the body weight of 49.8％ children was in the range of 90 - 109.9％ of standard value. However, 8.1 ％ children was overweighted (110 - 119.9％ of standard) and 9.4％ children was obese (120 - 149.9％ of standard) and 0.9％ children was severe obese (〉 150％) which resulted in total 10.3％ obese. Contrary to our expectation, 32.8％ children was underweight (70 - 89.9％ of standard) and 36％ of the underweight children showed the low content of zinc (10 - 49 ppm) in hair. There was no significant correlation between dietary intake of Zn and hair Zn content. Hair Zn content was low even though children consumed greater than 75％ of their requirement for zinc. Regardless of dietary intake of Zn, hair Zn level was rather negatively correlated to the content of Pb in hair. 38.8％ children had an unbalanced diet which resulted in lower intake of calorie, Ca, Zn, vitamin B$_2$ compared with those consuming variety of foods. Therefore, it would be needed that new approach for nutrition education to improve eating habit having the unbalanced diet in preschool children. It might be also suggested to develop new food products to complement the nutrients of Zn, Ca, Fe as snacks or dietary supplement for Korean preschool children.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess therapeutic effects of percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) vertebroplasty on the pain caused by osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar vertebral body compression fractures in a large scale of a prospective clinical design, and to determine clinical factors influencing its therapeutic effects. Methods : A prospective clinical study was carried out in 349 vertebral levels of 159 patients between April 1998 and July 1999. The compression fractures were confirmed with bone scan and spine CT, and bone marrow density was measured. Visual analogue scale(VAS) score was used for pre- and post-operative assessments of the pain. All 159 patients were assessed immediately after surgery, and 140 patients of them were followed-up for about 6 months in average. Results : Partial and complete pain relief was sustained immediately after operation in 73%, through follow-up period in 88% of the patients. Pain relief was not proportional to the amount of PMMA or the rate of increase in the height of the compressed vertebral body. It appears that 3 to 6cc of PMMA was proper enough to sustain pain relief. Better clinical improvement was achieved in the patients treated within 6 months after occurrence of vertebral body fracture. The most frequent surgical complication was epidural leakage of PMMA, and the most serious complication was extravertebral leakage into the paravertebral muscles, which appeared to exert the worst influence on the outcome. However, surgery was not required in these patients. Conclusion : Therapeutic effects of PMMA percutaneous vertebroplasty on osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures were confirmed in a relatively large scale of prospective clinical study. It appears that good outcome can be achieved in patients treated within 6 months after fracture, treated each level with 3 to 6cc of PMMA in amount. without serious complications.