• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.433-445
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• 2014

The objective of study was to analyze seasonal and inter-annual patterns of water chemistry of Miho Stream watershed during 2004 - 2007 along with some influences of tributaries and summer monsoon on the stream water quality. For the study, eight physico-chemical parameters such as nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a (CHL) etc. were analyzed in relation to spatial and temporal variability of seven sampling sites of the mainstream and some tributaries in the watershed. In the upstream reach, Mean of BOD, COD and TP averaged 3.2 mg/L, 6.5 mg/L and $186{\mu}g/L$, respectively, indicating an eutrophic conditions as a III-rank in the stream water quality criteria from the Ministry of Environment, Korea(MEK). The eutrophic water was due to a combined effect of Chiljang tributary with high nutrients ($TP=844{\mu}g/L$, TN=8.087 mg/L) and the point sources from some wastewater treatment plants. In the meantime, BOD, TN, and TP in the downstream reach were about > 1.2-1.5 folds than the values of the midstream reaches. This was mainly attributed to effluents of nutrient rich-water (mean TN: 11.980 mg/L) from two tributaries of Musim Stream and Suknam Stream, which is directly influenced by nearby wastewater disposal plants. Seasonal analysis of water chemistry showed that summer monsoon rainfall was one of the important factors influencing the water quality, and water quality had a large spatial heterogeneity during the rainfall period. In the premonsoon, BOD in the downstream averaged $6.0{\pm}2.47mg/L$, which was 1.4-fold greater than the mean of upstream reach. Mean of CHL-a as an indicator of primary productivity in the water body, was > 2.2 - 2.9 fold in the downstream than in the upstream, and this was a result of the high phosphorus loading from the watershed. Overall, our data suggest that some nutrient controls in point-source tributary streams are required for efficient water quality management of Miho Stream.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

Objective : This study investigated the relationships of handwriting legibility and perceptual-motor skills, and handwriting speed and perceptual-motor skills. And identified the predictors that most affect the handwriting of preschool children. Methods : Twenty-three typically developing preschool aged children (mean age: 68.61 months, SD=2.04) were selected through the Korean-Denver Developmental Screening Test-2(K-DDST-2). The children were tested with regard to handwriting legibility, visual perception, visual-motor integration and fine-motor coordination. Results : First, a significant relationship was not found among handwriting legibility, visual perception, visualmotor integration and fine-motor coordination. Second, a significant relationship was found among handwriting speed, visual perception and fine-motor coordination. Third, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that general visual perception were significant predictors for handwriting speed. Conclusion : Occupational therapists should evaluate children's visual perception levels utilizing a standardized test, and focus on general visual perception in order to improve handwriting skill(speed). Also, occupational therapists are expected to play an important role in the management and treatment of children's handwriting skills.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Perception level and social position of radiological technologist influence satisfaction level of their job. This study aims to use foundational data to improve perception level and social position of radiological technologists. We conducted interviews and a fill-out survey with 233 students who have been majoring in health-related fields at five universities and colleges located in Busan and who finished internship programs. The study analyzed 233 answer sheets excluding 17 inadequate answer sheets using T-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis with SAS9.1. The mean score of perception level was $3.33{\pm}0.56$. The personal image of radiological technologist showed the best score($3.43{\pm}0.56$) whereas the social image showed the worst($3.12{\pm}0.58$). According to the classification of the subject, the answer, "radiological technologist is specialized job", showed the best score($3.99{\pm}0.79$). The answer "radiological technologist suffered from less stress and workload than others when they work usually" showed the worst score($2.88{\pm}0.98$). According to the classification of each health-related major, the mean score of students who are a major in the department of the radiological technologist was the best($3.46{\pm}0.46$) and the students who are major in department of the physical therapy was the worst($3.24{\pm}0.40$). The radiological technologist have to effort to make positive image in the hospital. It is possible to be developed their knowledge and professionalism by cooperating between school and hospital as well as advertising with mass madia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.29-41
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• 2011

This study investigates the factor that influences commuting time to work when individuals allocate their time for different types of activities. The commuting time is an important indicator for an individual to determine the residence and choose the means of transportation. The analysis uses the data collected from people who live in Seoul metropolitan area including Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi Province, and commute to work and making the simple linkage travel (home-work-home) within the area. For the analysis, the Cox hazard proportional methodology was adopted. The method is known to be well applied without assuming any distribution in case of the dependent variable being continuous. For the covariate, the interaction effect between the space variable of the work place and the variable of transportation has been also included in the model. The commuting time to work has been estimated for both 1) the whole metropolitan area and 2) the separate regions i.e., Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-Do. The result reveals that characteristic variables related to individual, household and travel properties influence the mode of transportation and the time allocated for commuting to work (p<0.01). This study also demonstrates the usefulness of the Cox hazard proportional model. The data used in this study is the actual household travel data surveyed in 2006 in the metropolitan area, and analyzing the survey data in 2010 is currently in progress. Comparison of the two survey data sets seeking any behavioral change is suggested for the future study.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 2014

In this study the analysis is performed for influencing factors on the behavior of rigid piles (short pile) by research papers and case study. The results indicated that the point of virtual fixity should be calculated considering the relative stiffness of soil and pile, and Chang (1937) and P-Y method estimated the similar fixity. The values of ultimate resistances of a vertical pile to a lateral load are different for laboratory and field tests in cohesive soils and its ultimate values in laboratory tests are underestimated and in field tests are under or overestimated. The estimated resistance by Hansen (1961)'s method is similar to the value of field tests. The horizontal resistances to laterally loaded pile in cohesionless soils are overestimated in laboratory tests and generally overestimated in field tests. The ultimate resistances by Zhang (2005)'s method, used to the empirical distribution of the resistance, are similar to the test results. In the paper the calculating method and distribution of the ultimate resistance in cohesive soils are proposed. The estimated value by the proposed method is closer to the test results than any other method of calculating ultimate resistance of the piles embedded into cohesive soils.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.264-273
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• 2014

The aim of the study is to investigate the awareness and practice of Standard Precautions towards Hospital Infection Control in Emergency medical technology students. Data were collected from 289 questionnaires from March 20, 2012 to April 25, 2012. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for window(SPSS Inc, USA) with the level of significance as 0.05. According to the results, significant differences were shown in gender, infection control education and infection control educational institutions. The factors influencing the practice of standard precautions were found to be the times of the contact to blood, body fluid, mucus, or the skin with lesions and the cognition of standard precautions. Cognition level of the EMT students was high but the practice level was low. Based on the results of this study, it is proposed to develop an effective educational program to improve the cognition and practice, and to improve the cognition and practice of the standard precaution through the systematic and repetitive education and training.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.789-798
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• 2013

In the present study, optimization on ${\beta}$-glucanase-assisted extraction was made in order to isolate waxy barley starch from domestic cultivar using the D-optimal design suitable for response surface methodology (RSM). The results demonstrated that the amount of enzyme was found to be a major influencing factor on the extraction yield, which was substantially increased by increasing the amount of enzyme. It was also influenced by the reaction time and amount of water addition; however, the two factors were less influential than the amount of enzyme. The optimized condition by RSM for the reaction time was found to be 2.63 hours and amount of enzyme 1.7%, and amount of water addition 4.38 times the weight of raw material. With the enzyme treatment, the starch content in residues (R), particularly in R1 and R5, was reduced considerably, resulting in an increase in the extraction yield and therefore primarily and effectively releasing B-type starch small granule confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy. In addition, the study determined the physicochemical properties of isolated waxy starch (i.e., purity, water adsorption capacity, thermal properties, rheology and starch morphology) and compared them with those from the enzyme-not treated sample. It was found that they were almost similar to each other, except for the purity of starch, which was lower in the enzyme-treated sample than in the enzyme-not treated one.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4619-4628
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol use and drinking problems among college students. Data were collected by structured questionnaires from 400 college students by convenient sampling methods from September 26 to October 14, 2011. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. The results were as follows: According to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), subjects were classified into four groups such as 40.2% of no problem, 36.7% of drinking problem, 6.8% of high risk drinking problem and 16.3% of alcohol dependence. The alcohol use and drinking problems were significant difference for gender, age, type of residence, age of first drinking, cause of drinking, frequency and amount of drinking. The alcohol use was correlated with drinking problems: social function impairment(r=.601, p<.01), behavior problem(r=.579, p<.01), family and interpersonal impairment(r=.637, p<.01). The influencing factors of drinking problems were alcohol use(${\beta}$=.640, p=.000). This study concludes that it is necessary to establish alcohol use policies on campus and develop temperance education program to reduce alcohol consumption and drinking problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.453-465
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• 2012

The major purpose of this study is to examine the effects of customers' perceptions toward service quality of mobile music service on customer loyalty and switching intention. For this purpose, this study posited three service quality characteristics including interface, service, price quality as key determinants of customer loyalty and switching intention based on relevant literature reviews. A research model and hypotheses concerning the relationship between these variables were constructed. Moreover, this study explored the moderating effects of attractiveness of alternative and switching costs on the relationship between customer loyalty and switching intention. An online survey was administrated on 433 mobile music service users and a simple, multiple, and hierarchical regression analysis were employed. The results indicated that all of interface, service, price quality have significant positive influences on customer loyalty, and both of service quality and attractiveness of alternatives have influences on the switching intention in a positive way. On the other way, it was shown that switching costs have a negative influence on the switching intention. The moderating effect of attractiveness of alternatives on the relationship between customer loyalty and switching intention was also found. The implications of these results are discussed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive research study to grasp the critical thinking tendency, clinical practice stress, core basic nursing confidence, and degree of adaptation to clinical practice in nursing students. From June to July 2019, 207 students in the fourth year of nursing college were surveyed through their own questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN v24.0. The negative correlation between clinical practice stress and critical thinking tendency(r=-.18, p=.010). The core self-confidence practice self-confidence showed a positive correlation with critical thinking tendency(r=.25, p<.001), and a negative correlation with clinical practice stress(r=-.17, p=.017). Adaptation to clinical practice showed a positive correlation with clinical practice stress(r=.44, p<.001), and the factor influencing clinical practice adaptation was stress(β=.40) (F=18.34, p<.001), and the explanatory power was about 23.1%. As mentioned above, stress brings a positive change to clinical practice, so it is necessary to identify stress factors received from clinical practice of nursing college students and reflect them in curriculum development.