• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.550-560
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of nutritional knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary behavior of nutritionist. Total 190 dieticians of middle and high schools in Daejeon metropolitan city(44.2%) and Chungnam area(55.8%) were surveyed by questionnaires. The change of dietary intakes was used as an index of dietary behavioral change, and dietary self-efficacy are categorized into 4 sub groups of general dietary habit, choice of food, environmental stimulus and emotional conditions. Overall nutritionl knowledge of school dieticians was relatively high as 80.3 score, but specific and detail knowledge about food and nutrition yet have to be strengthened. Dietary self-efficacy of 'choice of food' was the highest with 85.4 and self-efficacy of 'environmental stimulus' was the lowest with 69.7 in the subjects. There was no influence between nutrition knowledge and dietary self-efficacy of school dieticians. According to the level of dietary self-efficacy, the intake of desirable food showed no significant difference, but the intake of undesirable foods decreased as dietary self-efficacy increased(p<0.001). In the analysis of correlation of change in intake of desirable and undesirable foods with nutrition knowledge and 4 different variables of dietary self-efficacy, a nutrition knowledge variable did not show any correlation with other variables. While, total dietary self-efficacy or each 4 sub items showed negative correlation with the intake of undesirable foods. And all 4 sub items of dietary self-efficacy could be the principal factors to constrain the intake of undesirable foods, but 2 items of dietary habits and emotional condition of 4 sub items are the factors to increase the intake of desirable food. Accordingly, it is suggested that dietary self-efficacy could be a powerful factor to induce the behavioral change of professional dieticians.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.684-690
• /
• 2004

Background: Primary thymic epithelial neoplasm is a type of mediastinal tumors that have various biologic and morphologic features. In this study, we reclassified 59 cases of thymic epithelial tumors by the new WHO classification. We inquired whether the new WHO classification has independent prognostic relevance by analyzing clinical characteristics of thymic epithelial tumors including Masaoka's clinical stage. Material and Method: From December 1986 to August 2003, 59. patients who underwent surgery in the Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center with definite diagnosis of thymic epithelial tumor were studied. We analyzed the histologic subtype (WHO classification). clinical stage (Masaoka's clinical stage) and patient's characteristics (sex, age, myasthenia gravis, tumor size, invasion. recurrence, metastasis) as prognostic factors. We analyzed the relationship between histologic subtype and clinical stage. Result: 32 patients were male and 27 were female. Mean age was 50.1$\pm$14.2. From WHO A to C, all thymic epithelial tumors were reclassified by the new WHO classification. Six patients (10.2%) had Type A, 7 (11.9%) had Type AB, 7 (11.9%) had Type B$_1$, 10 (16.9%) had Type B$_2$ and 7 (11.9%) had Type B$_3$, 22 (37.3%) had Type C. Two factors were shown by multivariate analysis to be associated with a favorable prognosis: completeness of resection (p=0.003) and non-invasiveness (p=0.001). The overall 5-year survival of the 59 patients was 53%, subtype A and AB were 92.3%, B$_1$ and B$_2$ were 70.2%, and B$_3$ and C were 26.1%. The association between histologic subtype and invasive behavior (stage) was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The WHO classfication is not only a histologic classfication of the thymic epithelial tumors but also a significant prognostic factor that influence the survival of thymic epithelial tumors.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.226-232
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of leptin on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in childhood obesity. Methods: A total of 50 male children (25 obese and 25 controls) were recruited from the pediatric outpatient clinic at the Chosun University Hospital from November 1st 2005 to May 30th 2006. BMI, body fat percentage, serum leptin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), C-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (CICP), total deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (total DPD) were measured. The correlations of leptin with BMI, body fat percentage, B-ALP, CICP, total DPD were analyzed by Pearson's correlation. In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, leptin after correction for body weight was evaluated if there was a correlation with biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption respectively. Results: The leptin levels of the obese group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p=0.012). In the obese group, the leptin level was significantly positively correlated with the BMI (r=0.551, p=0.01) and the percentage of body fat (r=0.584, p=0.018). In the obese group, of bone markers, B-ALP (r=-0.613, p=0.026) and CICP (r=-0.583, p=0.037) were negatively correlated with leptin. B-ALP (r=-0.728, p=0.007) and CICP (r=-0.684, p=0.014) were negatively correlated with leptin when corrected for body weight. In the control group, bone markers were not correlated with leptin. In the multiple stepwise regression analyses, there was a negative correlation between the leptin and B-ALP (Y=-39.653X+356.341, p=0.026), CICP (Y=-13.437X+ 116.013, p=0.037) respectively in the obese group. Conclusion: Leptin was a significant factor in the bone formation but not in bone resorption in childhood obesity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.100-110
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate influence of chemical properties in the riparian on the species diversity and to get plant information for enhancement of natural purification in Mankyeong River. The concentration of total nitrogen was high in Jeonju and Sam stream, while that of total nitrogen showed the highest peak in Winter. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ was $0.01{\sim}0.06\;mg/L$ in Gosan and Soyang stream. The water quality of upstream along with Mankyeong River was suitable for the irrigation source. The riparian vegetation was investigated by Zurich-Montpellier school's method from June, 2001 to September, 2002. The number of riparian plants were 59 families, 129 genera, 165 species, 20 varieties in Gosancheon, on the while 53 families, 111 genera, 141 species, 19 varieties in Soyangcheon. The number of riparian plants in Bari basin was higher than that of other sites namely, 73 families, 134 genera, 218 species, 33 varieties. Riparian vegetation was consisted of 12 plant communities. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had negative relationship with species diversity (Species richness index, Heterogeneity index, Species evenness index Species number). On the while, species diversity had positive relationship with soil pH. Species diversify of the plant communities were affected by topography and disturbance.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing the rescue medication decisions for breakthrough cancer patients and evaluate treatments using the factors. Methods: Based on the results of an online survey conducted by the Korean Society of Hospice and Palliative Care from September 2014 through December 2014, we assessed the level of agreement on nine factors influencing rescue medication preference. The same factors were used to evaluate oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, oral oxycodone and intravenous morphine. Results: Agreed by 77 physicians, a rapid onset of action was the most important factor for their decision of rescue medication. Other important factors were easy administration, strong efficacy, predictable efficacy and less adverse effects. Participants agreed that intravenous morphine produced a rapid onset of action and strong and predictable efficacy and cited difficulty of administration and adverse effects as negative factors. Oral oxycodone was desirable in terms of easy administration and less adverse effects. However, its onset of action was slower than intravenous morphine. While many agreed to easy administration of oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, the level of agreement was low for strength and predictability of its efficacy, long-term durability and sleep improvement. Conclusion: Rapid onset of action is one of the important factors that influence physicians' selection of rescue medication. Physicians' assessment of rescue medication differed by medication.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The objective of this study was to determine whether the expressions of the two components of DNA-dependent protein kinase, Ku70 and DNA-PKcs, influence the response to radiotherapy (RT) and outcome of treatment of non-disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients who received definitive RT. Materials and Methods : Sixty-six patients with NPC who were treated with radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy between June 1995 and December 2001 were divided into groups based on the levels of immunoreactivity for Ku70 and DNA-PKcs in pretreatment biopsy specimens. The over-expression of Ku70 or DNA-PKcs groups Included patients whose biopsy specimens showed at least 50% immunopositive tumor cells; patients in which less than 50% of the tumor cells in the biopsy tissues were immunopositive were placed in the low Ku70 and DNA-PKcs groups. The immunoreactivities for Ku70 and DNA-PKcs were retrospectively compared with the sensitivity of the tumor to radiation and the patterns of therapy failure. Univariate analyses were peformed to determine the prognostic factors that influenced locoregional control of NPC. Results : The five-year locoregional control rate was significantly higher in the low Ku70 group (Ku(-)) (85%) than in the high Ku70 group (Ku(+)) (42%) (p=0.0042). However, there were no differences in the metastases-free survival rates between the two groups (Ku70 (+), 82%; Ku70 (-), 78%; p=0.8672). Univariate analysis indicated that the over-expression of Ku70 surpassed other well-known predictive clinocopathologic parameters as an Independent prognostic factor for locoregionai control. Eighteen of 22 patients who had locoregional recurrences of the tumor displayed an over-expression of Ku70. No significant association was found between the level of DNA-PKcs expression and the clinical outcome. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the level of Ku70 expression can be used as a molecular marker to predict the response to RT and the locoregional control after RT and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with non-disseminated NPC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.617-636
• /
• 2015

The Mokpo coastal waters receive discharges from three artificial lakes(Youngsan, Youngam, Geumho) and other terrigenous freshwater inflows(streams, sewage treatment effluent, fresh groundwater), which exhibit very high concentrations of nutrients and/or organic matters. To understand spatial distributions of nutrients(DIN, DIP, DSi) and other water quality parameters(Chl-a, water temperature, salinity, DO, COD, SS), field surveys were conducted at 10 stations in the Mokpo harbor and adjacent estuaries on May, July, September, and November 2008 within 10 days following discharge events from artificial lakes. In this study, the freshwater flow rate influxed by the operation of sea dike sluice had significant influence on water qualities of the Mokpo coastal waters, although nutrient concentrations in other freshwater sources such as streams, sewage treatment effluent, and fresh groundwater were much higher. As a result of statistical analysis, DIN, COD, and Chl-a had a negative correlation with salinity. Therefore it was shown that discharge extents, time, and nutrients from the Youngsan lake were major impact factors dominating the spatial characteristics of nutrients and other water quality parameters in the Mokpo harbor and adjacent waters. However, despite non-discharge from the Youngsan Lake on September of this investigated period, it was observed that the nutrient addition was taking place in the lower layer of the estuary suggesting nutrient supply through different pathways. This result has emphasized the need to implement the combined assessment about the cumulative impacts on the Youngsan Estuary environment and ecosystem due to freshwater inputs derived from the artificial lakes as well as other terrigenous inflows, or benthic releases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2008

We estirmted the yearly and monthly variation in discharge from the Nakdong River Barrage. We studied the total monthly discharge, the mean daily discharge, and the maximum daily discharge based on the observational discharge data for the 11-year period 1996-2006. We also examined the correlation between the discharge and the meteorologiml factors that influence the river inflow. The results from this study are as follows. (1) The total monthly discharge for 11 years at the Nakdong River Barrage was $224,576.8{\times}10^6\;m^3$: The daily maximum was in 2003, with $56,292.3{\times}10^6\;m^3$. The largest daily mean release discharges occurred in August with $52,634.2{\times}10^6\;m^3$ (23.4% of the year), followed by July and September in that order with 23.1 and 17%, respectively. (2) The monthly pattern of discharge could be divided into the flood season for the period July-September (discharge =$1000{\times}10^6\;m^3$/day), the normal season from April to June and October (discharge=$300{\times}10^6\;m^3$/day), and the drought season from December to March (discharge < $300{\times}10^6\;m^3$/day). (3) Periods of high temperature, low evaporation loss, and short sunshine duration produced a much higher discharge in general. Conditions of low rainfall and high evaporation loss, as was the rose in 2003, tended to reduce the discharge, but high rainfall and low evaporation loss tended to increase the discharge as it did in 200l. (4) The dominant wind directions during periods of high discharge were NNE (15.5%), SW and SSW (13.1%), S(12.1%), and NE (10.8%) This results show that it run bring on accumulation of fresh water when northern winds are dominant, and it run flow out fresh water toward offslwre when southern winds are dominant.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2015

A self-administered survey was conducted on the dental hygiene students at three different colleges located in Gyeonggi Province and South Chungcheong Province respectively from October, 2013, to the same month of 2014 to grasp their oral health management behavior, differences in plaque index according to plaque index systems and the correlation of the two. And their plaque index was measured. The findings of the study were as follows: 62.8% of the respondents replied they got a dental checkup over the past year, and 84.1% answered they received preventive dental treatment once at least or more. 80.5% replied they used a fluorine-containing dentifrice. 90.9% answered they used the rolling method to brush their teeth, and 50.0% replied it took three minutes to brush their teeth. They got a mean of 27.88 when O'leary index was used among plaque index systems. Their PHP index and PHP-M index were respectively a mean of 1.30 and a mean of 12.12. Their plaque index became lower when they spent more time brushing their teeth, and the toothbrushing time made a statistically significant difference to that (p<0.05). The factor that exerted the largest influence on plaque index was whether to brush teeth for the sake of oral health (B=-9.747, t=-3.752, p<0.001) or not. That made a statistically significant difference to it. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that more patients visited dental clinics than before to receive preventive dental treatment or to get dental checkups, and that toothbrushing time and whether to brush teeth for the sake of oral health or not were identified as the oral health management behaviors to affect plaque index.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.325-335
• /
• 1998

Purpose : Since the mid cranial fossa is composed of various thickness of bone, the tissue inhomogeneity caused by bone would produce dose attenuation in cobalt-60 gamma knife irradiation. The correction factor for bone attenuation of cobalt-60 which is used for gamma knife source is -3.5$\%$. More importantly, nearly all the radiosurgery treatment planning systems assume a treatment volume of unit density: any perturbation due to tissue inhomogeneity is neglected, This study was performed to confirm the bone attenuation in mid cranial fossa using gamma knife. Materials and Methods : Computed tomography was performed after Leksell stereotactic frame had been liked to the Alderson Rando Phantom (human phantom) skull area. Kodak X-omat V film was inserted into two sites of pituitary adenoma point and acoustic neurinoma point, and irradiated by gamma knife with 14mm and 18mm collimator. An automatic scanning densitometer with a 1mm aperture is used to measure the dose profile along the x and y axis. Results : Isodose curve constriction in mid cranial fossa is observed with various ranges. Pituitary tumor point is greater than acoustic neurinoma point (0.2-3.0 mm vs 0.1-1.3 mm) and generally 14 mm collimator is greater than 18mm collimator (0.4-3.0 mm vs. 0.2-2.2 mm) Even though the isodose constriction is found, constriction of 50$\%$ isodose curve which is used for treatment reference line does not exceed 1 mm. This range is too small to influence the treatment planning and treatment results. Conclusion : Radiosurgery planning system of gamma knife does not show significant error to be corrected without consideration of bone attenuation.