• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2002

곤충병원성 선충의 대상 해충에 대한 방제효과를 증대시키고 대량생산을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 온도와 접종농도가 Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon계통의 꿀벌부채명나방(Calleriamellonella)유충의 감염력과 증식에 미치는 영향 및 노출시간과 토양깊이가 감염력에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험은 13, 18, 24, 30, $35^{\circ}C$의 온도조건과 꿀벌부채명나방 유충 한 마리당 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160마리의 접종농도에서 수행하였다 온도와 접종농도는 모두 S. carpocapsae Pocheon 계통의 꿀벌부채명나방에 대한 감염성과 증식에 영향을 미쳤는데 $24^{\circ}C$에서 가장 좋았고, 온도와 접종농도가 증가할수록 치사시간은 단축되는 경향이었다 그리고 S. carpocapsae Pocheon계통은 모든 실험온도에서 꿀벌부채명나방 유충을 치사시켰지만 $13^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 발육은 하지 못하였다. S. carpocapsae Pocheon계통이 꿀벌부채명나방 유충 체내에서 증식되어 최초로 탈출하는데 소요되는 기간은 $18^{\circ}C$에서 20일 내외로 가장 길었고, $24^{\circ}C$나 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 5일 내외로 짧았다. S. carpocapsae Pocheon계통의 증식수는$ 24^{\circ}C$ 80마리 농도에서 꿀벌부채명나방 유충 1마리 당 18.8$\times$$10^4$마리로 가장 많았다. S. carpocapsae Pocheon 계통은 꿀벌부채명나방 유충에 300마리 농도로 접종하였을 때 10분만에도 침입하였다. 한편 S. carpocapsae Pocheon계통은 모래층의 깊이(0, 2, 5, l0 cm)에 상관없이 $10^{9}$마리/ha농도로 처리하였을 때 꿀벌부채명나방 유충에 대하여 100%의 치사율을 보였고, 토양 깊이별 선충의 성비도 차이가 없었으나 정착한 선충의 수는 깊이가 깊을수록 적었다. 따라서 S. carpocapsae Pocheon계통을 이용한 해충방제와 증식은 $24^{\circ}C$내외가 적당할 것으로 보이며 토양에서의 처리는 5cm이내에 서식하는 해충을 대상으로 하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of ginseng administration on T lymphocyte induced local xenogenic graft-versus-host(GVM) reactions which were induced with thymocyte, spleen cell and lymph node cell of ICR mice. Mice received daily 10mg of 70% alcohol ginseng extract oral1y for 100days and control mice remained untreated for the same period of time. The cells from donor mice were injected intradermally into the closely shaven abdominal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats for GVH tests. The thymocyte from control(ginseng-untreated) mice showed a negative local GVH reaction, whereas thymocyte from experimental(ginseng-treated) mice showed a positive reaction with the rate of 17.4%. When spleen cells were injected, the incidence of positive local GVH reaction was 66.7% among ginseng-treated mice, as opposed to incidence of 45.5% of positive local GVH reaction among control mice. The incidence of positive local GVH reaction of the lymph node cells when injected into a recipient was 71.4% among ginseng-treated mice as compared with that of 18.9% among control mice. The relationship between spleen cell inoculum and intensity of the local GVH reaction was assessed in ginseng-untreated mice. The intensity of GVH reaction clearly appears to be dose related. In ginseng-treated mice, a minimum of $1{\times}10^7$ spleen cell was required for production of positive local GVH reaction with almost linear relationship up to an inoculum of $5{\times}10^8$ cells. In control mice, however, a minimum of $1{\times}10^8$ spleen cells was required for positive GVH reaction. These results strongly suggest that the ginseng administration augments significantly the local xenogenic GVH reaction which was used to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence of mice and in addition to this, these results appear to support previous suggestions that the local GVH reaction consitutes a qualitative test of the functional activity of T lymphocytes. These results may be the first to induce local GVH reaction, employing rats as recipient and mice as donor. This study was also desingned to investigate some of the effects of ginseng extract on lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. This was accomplished by in vitro quantification of 1) migratory inhibitory factor(MIF) synthetic capacity of splenic lymphocytes in mice previously primed with ginseng 2) MIF responsiveness of mouse peritoneal macrophages or chicken peripheral leucocytes under the presence of ginseng extract 3) migration ability of chicken peripheral leucocytes by direct stimulation of ginseng extract or ginseng saponin and 4) immunosuppressive effects of immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A or dexamethasone. Mice divided equally into the ginseng and the saline groups, which received intraperitoneally daily 0.2ml of ginseng absolute alcohol-extract(5mg/ml) and same amount of saline for 15 days, respectively. The cellular immune responsiveness of these mice was assayed 15 days after ginseng pretreatment. Splenic lymphocytes of mice treated with ginseng, when stimulated with sensitized specific-antigen such as sheep red blood cells or toxoplasmin, or with polyclonal activator concanavalin A, produced significantly more MIF than those of control saline group. MIF responsiveness of normal mouse macrophages was significantly augmented when assayed under the presence of ginseng extract (1mg/ml). The migratory ability of normal chicken leucocytes in the absence of MIF was significantly decreased by the stimulation of ginseng extract alone. MIF response was significantly decreased by immunosuppressants and this impaired response was not restored by ginseng pretreatment. This study was additionally performed to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in mice. ICR mice were infected experimentally by esophageal incubation of 300 T. spiralis infective muscle larvae prepared by acid-pepsin digestion of infected mice. and received oral administration of 70% alcohol ginseng extract(10mg/mouse/day) for the indicated days plus 4 days before infection. At various times after infection, the number of adult T. spiralis worms in small intestines was determined. Interestingly, ginseng-treatment was accompanied by accelerated expulson of T. spiralis. These results led to the conclusion that Panax ginseng caused some enhancing effect on GVH reaction, macrophage migration inhibition reaction and expulsion of T. spiralis. In addition these results suggested that the mechanisms responsible for this enhancement of ginseng may be chiefly or partially due to nonspecific stimulation of cell-mediated immune response.