• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.696-701
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• 2010

Hepatitis A is acute hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), HAV is a non-enveloped 27nm, heat-, acid, and ether-resistant RNA virus in the Picornavirus family. HAV is transmitted primarily through fecal-oral route and the incidence rate of hepatitis A is closely related to environmental hygiene and socioeconomic condition. Recent improvements in sanitation, public health policies, and socioeconomic development in South Korea have had great impact on the incidence of hepatitis A, which natural production of antibodies against HAV and the prevalence of HAV antibody has decreased. However, during the past ten years, symptomatic HAV infection substantially increased among juveniles and young adults in their twenties and thirties, and hepatitis A has become one of the most common acute hepatitis. Though there has been no report on treatment of hepatitis A with jaundice by oriental medicine in South Korea, many studies and case reports on treatment of icteric hepatitis of which main symptom is jaundice have been published in other countries. To treat patients diagnosed with hepatitis or suspected cases in oriental medicine hospitals, we need to have concerned about hepatitis A. This report is disease pattern identification in oriental medicine and treatments of 3 patients who were diagnosed with acute hepatitis A and treated in oriental medicine hospital.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, issues related to quarantine are emerging. There are various infection prevention methods, but among them, it is certain to frequently disinfect the surface or the entire space of an object that has come into contact with the virus. However, the reality is that the number of times such disinfection is legally designated and the required number of personnel are very different depending on the building and facility. For this reason, there are no companies and systems that can professionally receive orders for disinfection work. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, this paper presents a method to design a disinfection service platform based on the MVC pattern, and implements the required functions based on this. Through this, it is possible to build a more systematic system, and it is hoped that it will be of great help to quarantine with an orderly process for disinfection work.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1978

To examine the result of the government Medical Aid Program which began in January, 1977 as a part of social security policy implementation, all the medical records of the clients and official statistics in the year were analysed. The specific objectives this study pursues include the magnitudes and patterns of morbidity and utilization, and the characteristics of clients. One Korean rural area, Koje county was selected as the study area and subsequently all the clinics and hospitals assigned to work out the Aid Program are the subjects for the survey. A brief summary of the sutdy results as follows: a. The clients of Koje county are 6.4% of the total population in the area, more than the average percentage of the clients in Korea. It reflects on low level of economic status of the residents of the area. b. The population structure of the clients indicates that the large proportions of young and old age group are overwhelming, while the middle age group share very small portions. c. The utilization rates for primary care are 2.0 persons, 11.6 visits and 22.6 treatment days per 100 persons per months. Annual hospitalization is rated as 13.7 cases and 164 days per 1,000 persons, The utilization rates are slightly lower than those expected rates during planning period but eventually become higher than those of general population in rural Korea. d. The factors which influence the utilization rates are identified with client group (low income vs indigent), age and sex. e. The utilization pattern for primary care demonstrates seasonal variation similar to the pattern of general rural population in the low income group, but none in the indigent group. f. The most common diseases revealed at the primary care clinics are the acute respiratory infection (26.9%), acute gastritis (10.8%), skin and subcutaneous infection (6.8%). The cases of acute conditions are outnumbered than the cases of chronic condition. 8. The clinics, hospitals and other related health institutions are well cooperated in dealing health care services in their own capacities. Considering the above results Medical Aid Program generated satisfactory results at least in the utilization aspect.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2015

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major pattern recognition receptor that recognize the structure of invading pathogen and play key roles by triggering immune response. In this study, we identified a sequence of TLR homolog and characterized at molecular level from the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis of abalone TLR protein belongs to the TLR 2/6. Expression level of abalone TLR 2/6 in the tissue was comparatively high in the mantle, gill, digestive duct, and hemocytes, but lowest in the muscle. Expression level of abalone TLR 2/6 mRNA in the mantle, gill, digestive duct, and hemocytes was 20-fold, 60-fold, 115-fold, 112-fold higher than in the muscle, respectively. Expression level of abalone TLR 2/6 mRNA in the mantle was steadily increased until 12 h and decreased post-infection with Vibrio parahemolyticus. While the expression level of abalone TLR 2/6 mRNA in the gill and hemocytes was drastically increased at 6 and 9 h post-infection with Vibrio parahemolyticus, respectively. These results suggest that abalone TLR 2/6 is conserved through evolution and may play roles similar to its mammalian counterparts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3167-3172
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• 2015

Background: Understanding the history of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is important for interpretation of a positive HPV DNA screening test, future work-up and treatment. We investigated the transition of HPV DNA test results in Korean women, and analyzed the association of cytology result with transition type. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed annual HPV DNA test results for 5,274 subjects between January 2005 and December 2012. Each subject had a minimum of five annual tests over the eight-year period. Based on the pattern of results, the transition type for each subject was assigned to one of the following: negative, persistent, latent, transient, and unclassifiable. Associations of cytology results with the HPV DNA transition types, number of positive results, and the durations of positive results were also analyzed. Results: The proportion of abnormal cytology findings decreased in the following order of transition patterns: persistent, latent, transient, and negative. Among transient patterns, a duration of three years or more significantly correlated with cytology results of non-high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL; p<0.001). In the persistent group, duration of five years or more correlated with both non-HSIL and HSIL (p<0.001). Latent group showed no correlation with duration. Irrespective of patterns, having five or more positive results was significantly associated with HSIL (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings may contribute to better understanding of HPV infection, interpretation of HPV DNA screening results, and prediction of prognosis according to transition type.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2003

목적: 본 연구는 요로 감염 환아의 추적 $^{99m}Tc$ DMSA신 피질 스캔으로 신장 반흔을 진단하고, 감염 초기 스캔 소견, 요관 역류, 신장 섭취율, 연령, 성 등 관련 요인들이 신장 반흔에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 임상증상, 소변 검사 및 뇨 배양 검사로 요로 감염으로 진단된 14세이하의 환자 83명을 대상으로 하였다. 남아 50명, 여아가 33명이었고 평균 연령은 33.7개월 이었다. 치료 시작 일주일 이내에 DMSA스캔과 배뇨성 방광 요도술을 시행하였으며, 적절한 항생제 치료 후 6개월 이후에 추적 스캔을 하였다. 추적 스캔에서 감염 초기 보였던 피질 결손이 회복되지 않은 경우를 신 반흔으로 진단하였으며, 피질 결손을 1 ; 신장상부나 하부의 큰 결손으로 신장 외연은 불분명하나 변형은 없는 경우. 2 ; 작은 결손으로 신장 외연의 뚜렷한 변형이 없는 경우. 3 ; 단일 결손으로 신장 외연의 국소적인 변형을 일으킨 경우. 4 ; 정상 혹은 작은 크기의 신장으로 외연의 변형이 있는 경우. 5 ; 다발성 피질 결손이 있는 경우. 6 ; 국소적인 이상 소견 없이 미만성으로 신장 섭취가 감소한 경우로 분류하였다. 배뇨성 방광 요도술에서 요관 역류는 5단계로 분류하였다. 결과: 166개의 신장 중 감염 초기 신 피질 스캔에서 결손을 보인 신장은 115개(69.3%) 이었고, 추적 검사에서 신장 반흔으로 진단된 신장은 65개(56.5%)였다. 신 피질 스캔에서 3, 4, 5 형태 결손의 75%, 77%, 78% 에서 신장 반흔이 발생된 반면, 1, 2, 6 형태 결손의 65%, 77%, 50%에서 결손이 회복되었다. 회복이 어려운 3, 4, 5 형태 결손으로 신장 반흔을 진단할 경우 DMSA스캔의 민감도, 특이도, 정확도는 각각 76.9%, 85.1%, 81.9%였다. 요관 역류는 감염 초기 스캔에서 3, 4, 5 형태의 결손을 보인 경우 역류 유무 및 정도가 신장 반흔과 유의한 연관성을 보인 반면, 1, 2, 6 형태의 결손을 보인 경우 신장 반흔과의 연관성은 유의하지 않았다. 로지스틱 분석에서 감염 초기 DMSA스캔에서 회복 가능성이 적은 3, 4, 5 형태의 결손이 있을 경우 그렇지 않을 경우에 비해 신장 반흔을 일으킬 19.1배였다. 경한 요관 역류 나 증증 역류가 있을 경우 신장 반흔을 일으킬 위험이 각각 3.5배, 14.4배 였다. 신장 섭취율도 신장 반흔과 연관성이 있었으나 신장 반흔 위험도는 유의하지 않았다. 연령 및 성별은 신반흔과 유의한 연관성이 없었다. 결론: 요로 감염 초기 $^{99m}Tc$ DMSA 스캔에서 결손이 신장 외연의 변형을 일으키거나 다발성일 경우, 신장 반흔으로 진행될 가능성이 높으며, 적극적인 치료가 필요하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most economically important viral infectious disease in pig populations worldwide. This study was conducted to better understand the epidemic and dynamics of PRRS virus (PRRSV) on each farm and to evaluate the risk of PRRSV infection in Korea. Interviews with pig farmers were carried out to obtain PRRS vaccination programmes in 60 pig farms throughout Korea. Blood samples were also collected from the 59 pig farms to investigate outbreak patterns of each farm. Vaccination against PRRS was performed in 16.7% farms for breeding pigs and 8.3% of farms for nursery pigs. According to the seroepidemiological analysis, 56 (94.9%) out of 59 farms were considered to be affected by PRRSV infection. The results revealed that 68.9% of sows tested were seroconverted and interestingly, gilt herds had the highest seropositive rate (73%), suggesting that gilts may play a key role in PRRSV transmission in sow herds. Among the PRRS-affected piglet herds, 33 (55.9%), 14 (23.7%) and 6 (10.2%) farms were initially infected with PRRSV during the weaning, suckling and nursery period, respectively. It seems likely, therefore, that PRRSV infection predominantly occurs around the weaning period in piglet herds. Based on antibody seroprevalence levels in both sow and piglet groups, we were able to classify patterns of PRRSV infection per farm unit into 4 categories; category 1 (stable sow groups and non-infected piglet groups), category 2 (unstable sow groups and non-infected piglet groups), category 3 (stable sow groups and infected piglet groups), and category 4 (unstable sow groups and infected piglet groups). Our data suggested that 43 (72.9%) farms were analysed to belong to category 4, which is considered to be at high-risk for PRRS outbreak. Taken together, our information from this study will provide insight into the establishment of an effective control strategy for PRRS on the field.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2014

Objective : C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are often utilized to evaluate for postoperative infection. Abnormal values may be detected after surgery even in case of non-infection because of muscle injury, transfusion, which disturbed prompt perioperative management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the perioperative CRP, ESR, and white blood cell (WBC) counts after spine surgery, which was proved to be non-infection. Methods : Twenty patients of lumbar open discectomy (LOD) and 20 patients of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were administered routinely for 7 days. Blood samples were obtained one day before surgery and postoperative day (POD) 1, POD3, and POD7. Using repeated measures ANOVA, changes in effect measures over time and between groups over time were assessed. All data analysis was conducted using SAS v.9.1. Results : Changes in CRP, within treatment groups over time and between treatment groups over time were both statistically significant F(3,120)=5.05, p=0.003 and F(1,39)=7.46, p=0.01, respectively. Most dramatic changes were decreases in the LOD group on POD3 and POD7. Changes in ESR, within treatment groups over time and between treatment groups over time were also found to be statistically significant, F(3,120)=6.67, p=0.0003 and F(1,39)=3.99, p=0.01, respectively. Changes in WBC values also were be statistically significant within groups over time, F(3,120)=40.52, p<0.001, however, no significant difference was found in between groups WBC levels over time, F(1,39)=0.02, p=0.89. Conclusion : We found that, dramatic decrease of CRP was detected on POD3 and POD7 in LOD group of non-infection and dramatic increase of ESR on POD3 and POD7 in PLIF group of non-infection. We also assumed that CRP would be more effective and sensitive parameter especially in LOD than PLIF for early detection of infectious complications. Awareness of the typical pattern of CRP, ESR, and WBC may help to evaluate the early postoperative course.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권4호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2014

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is particularly associated with progressive and ultimately chronic recurrent respiratory infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, chronic destroyed lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. Its treatment is also very complex because of drug resistance and recurrence. Methods: Forty eight cultures from 18 patients with recurrent P. aeruginosa pneumonia from 1998 to 2002 were included in this study. Two or more pairs of sputum cultures were performed during 2 or more different periods of recurrences. The comparison of strains was made according to the phenotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance and chromosomal fingerprinting by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the genomic DNA of P. aeruginosa from the sputum culture. Results: Phenotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa were not correlated with their prior antibiotic exposition. Fifteen of 18 patients (83.3%) had recurrent P. aeruginosa pneumonia caused by the strains with same PFGE pattern. Conclusion: These data suggest that the most of the recurrent P. aeruginosa infections in chronic lung disease occurred due to the relapse of prior infections. Further investigations should be performed for assessing the molecular mechanisms of the persistent colonization and for determining how to eradicate clonal persistence of P. aeruginosa.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.227-231
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• 1998

Infectious mononucleosis(IM) Is an acute self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV), with the characteristic triad of fever, sore throat, and cervical or generalized lymphadenopathy. And also there are atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Cytological findings of IM lymphadenitis are characterized by a florid immunoblastic and atypical lymphoid cell proliferation. However, the small number of cases were studied by fineneedle aspiration cytology(FNAC) even though there was a complexity of lymph node pathology. It is important to recognize the reactive pattern of IM that would initiate EBV study and to avoid unnecessary biopsy We studied findings of lymph node FNAC from 4 patients with EBV infection confirmed by EBV-specific serologic studios. All of the cases were positive for viral capsid antigen(VCA) and one case was positive for anti-EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA). Cytologically, all of the cases exhibited high cellularity and atypia with great numbers of large immunoblastic lymphocytes.