Browse > Article

Predictive Factors of Renal Scarring in Children with Acute Urinary Tract Infection  

Baik, Jun-Hyun (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Park, Young-Ha (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Hwang, Sung-Su (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Jeon, Jung-Su (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Kim, Sung-Hoon (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Lee, Seong-Yong (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Chung, Soo-Kyo (Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine / v.37, no.4, 2003 , pp. 245-253 More about this Journal
Abstract
Puorpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$ DMSA scintigraphy on the dignosis of a renal scar in children with urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: Eighty three patients were included in this study, who were diagnosed as the urinary tract infection on the basis of symptom, urinalysis and urine culture. $^{99m}Tc$ DMSA scintigraphy and voiding cystoureterography were peformed within 7days before the treatment in all patients. We classified the scintigraphic findings as follow s : 1 ; a large hypoactive upper or lower pole. 2 ; a small hypoactive area. 3 ; single defect resulting in localized deformity of the outlines. 4 ; deformed outlines in a small or normal sized kidney. 5 ; multiple defects. 6 ; diffuse hypoactive kidney without regional impairment. Follow-up scintigraphy was done at least 6 months after the initial study. When the abnormality on the initial scintigraphy was not completely resolved on the follow-up scan, the lesion was defined as containing a scar. Results: One hundred and fifteen renal units of 166 units(69.3%) showed abnormal findings on the DMSA scintigraphy. 65 units(56.5%) was diagnosed as containing renal scars on follow-up scintigraphies. Incidences of renal scar among renal units showing pattern 3, 4 and 5 on the initial scan was 75%, 78% and 78%, respectively. Whereas many of renal units showing 1, 2 and 6 pattern were recovered(65%, 76%, 50%). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of pattern-based DMSA scintigraphic findings on the diagnosis of renal scar was 76.9%, 85.1% and 81.9%, respectively. VUR was significantly associated with the renal scar when the initial DMSA shows unrecoverable findings(pattern 3, 4, 5). Odds ratio of the renal scar in a kidney showing unrecoverable initial scintigraphic findings was 19.1. Odds ratio in a kidney with mild or moderate-to-severe VUR was 3.5 and 14.4 respectively. Conclusion: In the urinary tract infection, renal scar was significantly developed in a kidney showing unrecoverable findings on the initial DMSA scan and VUR on voiding cystoureterography.
Keywords
urinary tract infection; Tc-99m DMSA; renal scarring; vesicoureteral reflux;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Jakobsson B, Svensson L. Transient pyelonephritic change on $^99m$Technetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan for at least five moths after infection. Acta paediatr 1997;86:803-7
2 Tasker AD, Lindell DR, Moncrieff M. Can ultrasound reliably detect renal scarring in children with urinary tract infection? Clin Radiol 1993;47:177-179
3 De Sadeleer C, Tondeur M, Melis K et al. Variability in reporting on 99mTc DMSA scintigraphy. Nucl Med Commun 1994;15:1002-1004
4 Pawana P, Leonardo R, Isky G. Normal appearances of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid in children on planar imaging. Eur J Nucl Med 1999;26:483-488
5 Clarke SE, Smellie JM, Prescod N, Gurney S, West DJ. Technetium-99m-DMSA studies in pediatric urinary infection. J Nucl Med 1996;37:823-8
6 Stokland E, Hellstrom m, jacobsson B, Jodal U, sixt R. Renal damage on year after first urinary tract infection:role of dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy. J Pediatr 1996;129:815-20
7 Merrick MV, Notghi A, Chalmers N, Wilkinson AG, Uttley WS. Long-term follow up to determine the prognositc value of imaging after urinary tract infections. Part 2:scarring. Arch Dis Child 1995;72:393-6
8 Carlos DS, May P, Hamphrey RH, Atlas on acute pyelonephritis in children. Clin Nucl Med 2000;25:541-545
9 Eggi DF, Tulchinsky M. Scintigraphic evaluation of pediatric urinary tract infection. Semi Nucl Med 1993;23:199-218
10 Jeffrey AC. Kidney infection in children:role of nuclear medicine. Nuclear medicine annual 1998:225-242
11 Nunan TO. Not all DMSA defects are scars. Nucl Med Commun 1997;18:895
12 Merrick MV, Notghi A, Chalmers N, Wilkinson AG, Uttley WS. Long-term follow up to determine the prognositc value of imaging after urinary tract infections. Part 1:scarring. Arch Dis Child 1995;72:388-92
13 Majd M, Rushton HG. Renal cortical scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Semi Nucl Med. 1992;12:98-111
14 Rushtom HG. Urinary tract infections in children:epidemiology, evaluation and management. Ped Clin North 1997;44:1133-69
15 Hoberman A, Wald ER. Urinary tract infection in young febrile children. Pedistr infect Dis J 1997;16:11-7
16 Sfkianjus GN, Darmoulak E. Nuclear medicine in pediatric urology and nephrology. J Nucl Med 1992;2:98-111
17 Piepsz A, Clarke SEM, Mackenzie R, Gordon I. A study on the interobserver variability in reporting on 99mTc DMSA scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med 1993;20:867
18 Lavocat MP, Granjon D, Allard D, Gay C, Freycon MT, Dubois F. Imaging of pyelonephritis. Pediatr Radiol 1997;27:159-65   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Sacks SH, Verrier Hones K, Roberts R, Asscher AW, Ledingham JGG. Effect of symptomless bacteriuria in childhood on subsequent pregnancy. Lancet 1987;31:991-4
20 Jacoboson SH, Eklof AC, Eriksson CG, Lins L-E, Tidgre B, Winber J. Development of hypertension and uremia after pyelonephritis in childhood: 27years follow up. BMJ 1989;299:703-6
21 Piepsz A, Blaufox MD, Gordon I, Granerus G, Majd M, Reilly PO et al. Consensus on renal cortical scintigraphy in children with urinary tract infection. Seminars in nuclear medicine 1999;29:160-174
22 Hill GS, Clark RS. A comparative angiographic, microangiographic and histologic study of experimental pyelonephritis. Invest Radiol 1992;7:33-47
23 Martinell J, Jodal U, Lidin-Janson G. Pregnancies in women with and without renal scarring after urinary infection in childhood. BMJ 1990;300:840-4
24 Parkhouse JF, Codley ML, Cooper J, Risdon RA, Ransley PG. Renal imaging with $^99mTEX>Tc-labelled DMSA in the detection of acute pyelonephritis:An experimental study in the pig. Nucl Med commun 1989;10:63-70