• Mycobiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

$Elfvingia$ $applanata$, a medicinal mushroom belonging to Basidiomycota, has been used in the effort to cure cancers of the esophagus and stomach, and is also known to have inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus infection. The hot water soluble fraction (as Fr. HW) was extracted from fruiting bodies of the mushroom. $In$ $vitro$ cytotoxicity tests showed that hot water extract was not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HT-29, HepG2, and TR at concentrations of 10-2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. HW resulted in a life prolongation effect of 45.2% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Treatment of Fr. HW resulted in a 2.53-fold increase in the numbers of murine spleen cells at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, compared with control. Incubation of murine spleen cells with Fr. HW at a concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ resulted in improved immune-potwntiating activity of B lymphocytes through an 8.3-folds increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, compared with control. Fr. HW generated 12.5 ${\mu}M$ of nitric oxide (NO) when cultured with RAW 264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line, at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, while lipopolysaccharide, a positive control, produced 15.2 ${\mu}M$ of NO. Therefore, the results suggested that antitumor activities of Fr. HW from $E.$ $applanata$ might, in part, be due to host mediated immunostimulating activity.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2020

As respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is transmitted either via directly contact with an infected case or via indirectly contaminated fomites or skin, the major preventive measures are strict hand hygiene, early detection of transmitted sources, and rapid isolation of RSV patients. Especially early detection of hidden cases is the most critical control measure when an index case was notified in a postpartum center. The Guideline of Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention defines potential contacts in an epidemiologic survey as admitted newborns, parents of index cases, center's workers, and visitors for 10 days before the first diagnosis day of index case. However, it needs to classify potential contacts in more detail in order to conduct a successful survey. Authors conducted to search related literatures and appraise the evidences. Firstly, potential contacts would be classified into RSV-related symptomatic contacts(SxC) and asymptomatic contacts. And then, mother, caring workers, and visitors of the index cases among asymptomatic contacts would be defined as the asymptomatic close contacts(ASCC). Finally, the rest would be defined as the asymptomatic regular contacts(ASRC). The defined test using reverse transcription-PCR is applied to SxC and ASCC, and decision of isolation or regular activities are made according to the results. The rapid antigen detection test kits are applied to ASRC. These suggestions might be helpful to detect hidden cases earlier and prevent a further infection.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2023

Purpose: To figure out how complete control of family visits to prevent infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected the activity recovery of hip fracture patients admitted to nursing hospitals. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one patients with hip surgery in the two years prior to COVID-19 pandemic were classified as Group A, and 103 patients in the next two years were designated as Group B. The subjects' walking ability was evaluated by using the modified Koval index (MKI). In order to analyze the impact of the family visit control to the subjects, each group was classified into two different groups: (1) inpatients group who admitted to nursing hospitals and (2) home-treated patients. Additionally, statistical elements were processed in consideration of other factors that may affect the results of the experiment. Results: The MKI evaluated at 6 months postoperative was 3.31±1.79 in Group A and 2.77±1.91 in Group B, and it was meaningfully low after the pandemic (P=0.04). There was significantly low among both of Group A 2.74±1.76 and Group B 1.93±1.81 after the pandemic (P=0.03) among those treated at the nursing hospital. The rate of deterioration of the MKI was 35 (43.2%) in Group A and 57 (55.3%) in Group B, which increased by 12.1% after the pandemic. Conclusion: The pandemic had a negative effect on the recovery of postoperative activities of elderly hip fracture patients who admitted to nursing hospitals when family access was completely restricted to prevent infection.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing activities and to analyze patient outcomes related to indwelling urinary catheterization. Method: A review was done of 628 medical records from five units for patients admitted between January 1 and June 30, 2006. Twelve nurses who worked in the same units were interviewed. Results: In the interviews, nurses reported considering several non-invasive interventions prior to catheterization but there were no medical records of this activity. Results from the in-depth interviews showed that infection control activities such as urinary bag management were conducted but again there were no medical records. Seventy-five percent of the catheters were removed without prescription. In the medical records there were no notes for approximately 15%, on the time of first voiding and 80%, on volume of first voiding after removal of catheter. There was a significant difference in hospitalization days between the group catheterized for 5 days or less and the group catheterized for 6 days or more. Conclusion: Results indicate a need to close the gap between recorded and described activities and between current and best evidence based practice. Further study is needed to develop a standard recording system and guidelines related indwelling catheterization to decrease the gaps identified in this research.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2009

Human lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with many biological activities, including the protection against microbial and virus infection and stimulation of the immune system. We introduced a human lactoferrin (hLf) cDNA under the control of 35S promoter into sweet potato by particle bombardment. Transgenic plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Transgenic plants were produced typical tuberous roots in soil. PCR, Southern and northern analyses confirmed that the hLf cDNA was incorporated into the plant genome and was properly expressed in plants. Western blot analysis showed that the 80 kDa full length hLf protein was produced in transgenic tuberous roots. Overall results indicated that sweet potato would be an excellent host to produce human therapeutic proteins.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

The current status and future prospects of parasitic infections in Korea is briefly reviewed. Soil-transmitted helminth infections including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections decreased remarkably. owing to the national control activities excuted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion(formerly Korea Association of parasite Eradication) using mass heath education. Important recent trends include reemergence of vivax malaria since 1993, persistence of food-borne trematode infections including clonorchiasis and intestinal trematode infections, increased detection of zoonotic parasitosis, close-up of infection with opportunistic parasites including cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and pneumosytosis, increase of imported tropical infectious disease, appearance of new parasitic disease such as gymnophalloidiasis, and increase of accidental infections with free-living amoebae. These trends represent greatly changed overall patterns of parasitic infections in Korea.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2017

Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammatory responses to a severe infection. Acute hyper-inflammatory reactions in the acute phase of sepsis have been considered as a primary reason for organ dysfunction and mortality, and advances in emergency intervention and improved intensive care management have reduced mortalities in the early phase. However it has been recognized that increased deaths in the late phase still maintain sepsis mortality high worldwide. Patients recovered from early severe illness are unable to control immune system with sepsis-induced immunosuppression such as immunological tolerance, exhaustion and apoptosis, which make them vulnerable to nosocomial and opportunistic infections ultimately leading to threat to life. Based on strategies to reverse immunosuppression, recent developments in sepsis therapy are focused on molecules having immune enhancing activities. These efforts are focused on defining and revising the immunocompromised status associated with long-term mortality.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2000

Various kinds of water soluble N,N,N-trimethylchitosan ammonium chloride(TMC) with different molecular weights were synthesized to examine the antimicrobial activity against Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), which causes serious hospital infection, and to apply them to antimicrobial finishing agents for textiles. Chitosan samples were highly deacetylated with sodium hydroxide solution and degraded with hydrogen peroxide to control the molecular weight. TMC has the antimicrobial activities against MRSA and MSSA. TMC showed an excellent antimicrobial activity below the molecular weight of 70,000, especially at 40,000. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TMC with optimum molecular weight against MRSA and MSSA was 250ppm. Because MRSA did not resist TMC in the subculture test of bouillon medium, it was expected that the successive use of TMC against MRSA was possible.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2004

오이녹반모자이크바이러스(CGMMV)가 오염된 포장에서 이 바이러스병의 토양전염율은 0.2∼3.5％였다. 경작지 토양과 같이 습도가 적당히 유지된 토양에서 CGMMV의 생물활성 지속기간은 17개월 후에는 바이러스의 활성이 손실되었으나, 담수 토양에서는 33개월 이상 이 바이러스의 생물활성이 유지되었다. CGMMV의 토양전염을 억제하기 위하여 정식직전 수박 묘의 뿌리를 10％ 탈지분유액에 침지하여 정식한 처리구에서는 이 바이러스병이 발병되지 않았으나, 무처리구에서는 5.0∼7.6％가 발병되었다. 탈지분유액을 처리한 뿌리를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 뿌리 주위로 얇은 막이 형성되어져 있었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

농도와 기간에 따른 바이러스 감염 및 항바이러스제인 amantadine병행 첨가 시 Maddin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) 세포 내의 free radical 해독계 효소인 glutathione S-transferase (GST)와 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)의 활성 변동을 상호비교 관찰하였다. 바이러스에 감염된 MDCK세포는 감염 3일 후 1 TCID$_{50}$ 군은 80%이상, 10 TCID$_{50}$ 군은 거의 대부분의 단층세포가 탈락되는 병변 효과가 나타났다. Amantadine cytotoxic dose %가 증가함에 따라 MDCK 세포 내의 GST 및 LDH 활성은 농도에 따라 유의하게 감소되었고, 감염배지 내 LDH 활성은 대조군 보다 유의한 증가를 보였다. 인플루엔자 바이러스 type A 접종농도와 기간에 따른 MDCK세포 내의 GST및 LDH활성은 1 및 10 TCID$_{50}$ 감염군에서 감염 3일 후부터 유의하게 감소되었고, 감염배지 내의 LDH활성은 10배 이상 증가되었다. 인플루엔자 바이러스 type A 100 TCID$_{50}$ 감염과 amantadine병행 첨가 시 GST 및 LDH 활성은 바이러스만 감염한 군 보다 MDCK세포 내에서 대조군에 비하여 감소율이 낮았고, 감염배지 중 LDH 활성 역시 증가율이 낮았다. 또한 바이러스 감염 후 amantadine 90 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 첨가 시에 세포 내와 감염배지 중에서 가장 낮은 감소와 증가를 나타냈다.