• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 1998

Adsorption isotherms of water vapour for infant formula milk powders manufactured by P. M. and N company in Korea were measured at temperatures between 20, 30 and 40$^{\circ}C$ using COST-90 modified method. Results showed that the isotherms were sigmoidal in shape. The adsorption isotherms of milk powder were depending on the temperature and products. The BET-model were applied and analyzed to compare the experimental value. It was found that the BET-model is fitted with measuring data. Sample P showed the lowest monolayer value and sample N showed the highest. Isosteric heat obtained upon application of BET-model was calculated in this field of temperature using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. It is suggested that the usage of the BET-model to estimate the heat of water sorption in infant formula milk powder should be in agreement with the results from COST-90 project.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.617-625
• /
• 2013

The present study was carried out to assess dietary exposure and risk for the infant population by lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) exposure through modified milk powder and formulas. Analysis of heavy metals was performed using a microwave device and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, the method for which was fully validated. Various samples (n=204), including modified milk powder, modified milk, follow-up modified milk powder, infant formula and follow- up formula, were collected from retail outlets and markets across Korea. The mean contents of heavy metals were Pb 0.0004 (modified milk)-0.010 (infant formula) mg/kg, Cd 0.002 (modified milk)-0.007 (follow-up formula) mg/kg, and As 0.004(modified milk)-0.040 (infant formula) mg/kg, respectively. For risk assessment, daily intakes of heavy metals through maximum intake of modified milk powder and formulas were calculated and compared with reference doses established by JECFA and WHO. The dietary exposures of heavy metals were $0.78-1.04{\mu}g$ Pb/d, $0.65-0.87{\mu}g$ Cd/d, and $2.25-3.00{\mu}g$ As/d, corresponding to 2.0-4.5%, 7.1-16.0%, and 0.4-0.9% of reference doses, respectively. Therefore, the level of overall dietary exposure to heavy metals for Korean infant through food intake was below 20% of the reference dose, indicating a low risk to infant consumers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.706-712
• /
• 2012

The present study was aimed to produce a chicken polyclonal antibody against Cronobacter muytjensii and to develop an immunoassay for its detection. Purification of anti-C. muytjensii IgY from egg yolk was accomplished using various methods such as water dilution and salt precipitation. As a result, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis produced two bands around 30 and 66 kDa, corresponding to a light and a heavy chain, respectively. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) was performed to determine the effectiveness of the chicken IgY against C. muytjensii. The optimum conditions for detecting C. muytjensii by indirect ELISA and checkerboard titration of the antigen revealed an optimum average absorbance at the concentration of 18 ${\mu}g/mL$, having ca. $10^8$ coated cells per well. The anti-C. muytjensii IgY antibody had high specificity for C. muytjensii and low cross-reactivity with other tested pathogens. In this assay, no cross-reactivity was observed with the other genera of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, detection of C. muytjensii in infant formula powder showed a low matrix effect on the detection curve of IC-ELISA for C. muytjensii, with similar detection limit of $10^5$ CFU/mL as shown in standard curve. These findings demonstrate that the developed method is able to detect C. muytjensii in infant formula powder. Due to the stable antibody supply without sacrificing animals, this IgY can have wide applications for the rapid and accurate detection of C. muytjensii in dairy foods samples.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2 s.5
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 1988

In order to analyze trace metals by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer in infant formula milk powder, Wet digestion method using nitric acid, perchloric acid mainly and D.D.T.C.-M.I.B.K. extraction method were done. The r-value of calibration curve were more than 0.999 in Cu, Mn, Zn. Recovery test showed high recovery rate of $97-104\%$. The results were as follows: Averages of total samples were Cu $1.92\pm1.24 ppm,\;Mn\;1.18\pm1.01ppm,\;Zn\;22.43\pm8.88ppm.$ Averages of Common Infant formula were Cu1.96\pm1.26ppm,\;Mn\;1.0\pm0.57ppm,\;Zn\;21.52\pm9.72ppm.$ Averages of follow-up infant formula were Cu$1.89\pm1.26ppm,\;Mn\;1.36\pm1.31ppm,\;Zn\;23.34\pm8.7 ppm$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1171-1177
• /
• 2008

This study was undertaken to classify Enterobacter sakazakii isolates from 13 powdered infant formula products, 25 powdered weaning diet products, and 33 weaning diet ingredients on polymerse chain reaction (PCR) methods. The numbers of the isolates from 1 powdered infant formula product, 7 powdered weaning diet products, and 6 weaning diet ingredients were 1, 14, and 8, respectively. The contaminated ingredients were 1 rice powder, 2 millet powders, 2 vegetable powders, and 1 fruit and vegetable premix. PCR with the primer of repetitive extragenic palindromic element (REP-PCR) and random amplification of polymorphic DNA(RAPD) were effective in discriminating among the isolates, but tRNA-PCR and PCR with the primer of l6S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS-PCR) were not. Some of E. sakazakii isolates from vegetable powders, fruit and vegetable premix, and millets powders were classified into the clonal groups based on the DNA patterns in the REP-PCR and RAPD analysis. A close genetic relationship among the isolates from some of the powdered weaning diet products and the rice powder was also detected in the cluster analysis based on the DNA patterns in RAPD.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 1984

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.12-15
• /
• 2016

Results of free and bound myo-inositol in infant formula (IF) are presented. Inositol was analyzed by HILIC ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The levels of free myo-inositol in 27 Australian and 4 EU originated IF samples were 300-600 mg/kg of powder or 1.6-3.1 mg/100 kJ. The amount of bound inositol in lipid fraction of IF was, on average, 10% of free myo-inositol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.936-944
• /
• 2013

Cronobacter muytjensii is an important foodborne pathogen as a potential risk in infant formula powder (IFP). To develop a new and sensitive method for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in IFP, an immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for C. muytjensii (formerly known as Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 51329) was developed. Further, an indirect noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (INC-ELISA) was developed by using the anti-C. muytjensii IgG. As a result, this newly developed INC-ELISA method was found very sensitive for C. muytjensii with detection limit of $6.5{\times}10^3CFU/ml$ in pure culture and 1 cell/25 g of IFP. This INC-ELISA method also displayed excellent specificity for C. muytjensii showing no cross-reactivity with other strains of Cronobacter genus and 11 other foodborne pathogenic strains. These results show that the developed INC-ELISA method was very sensitive, efficient, and rapid for the detection of C. muytjensii. Hence, this method could be applied to the development of diagnostic kits for the rapid and easy detection of C. muytjensii.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.86
• /
• pp.836-840
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate mineral contents of commercial powdered infant formula for obtaining basic data on infant nutrition. 11 Commercial infant formula based on cow's milk were collected and the contents of macro minerals (calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and magnesium) and trace minerals (iron, zinc and copper) were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The overall mineral contents in 100 g and in 100 kcal of infant formula satisfied the recommended formula regulation and Codex. In infant formula during 0-5 monthly age, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and copper could supply 233.1%, 273.5%, 156.7%, 142.0%, 150.8%, 209.3%, 171.1% of recommended daily mineral intakes, respectively. The content of iron in 0-5 monthly age formula supplied2842.6% of recommended daily iron intakes. In infant formula during 6-11 monthly age, calcium, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper satisfied their recommended daily intakes. However, sodium only supplied 76.6% of its recommended daily intake. Intake ratio between Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe, Na/K and Zn/cu in infant formula during 0-5 monthly age were 1.7±0.2, 11.0±2.4,64.9±10.0, 0.3±0.1, and 9.6±1.0, respectively. Intake ratio between Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Fe, Na/K and Zn/cu in infant formula during 6-11 monthly age were 1.7${\pm}$0.2, 12.9${\pm}$1.5, 80.1${\pm}$13.8, 0.3, and 9.4${\pm}$1.1,respectively. From this study, evaluation of mineral contents of commercial infant formula was established, which could strengthen the basic information on infant nutrition.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.1689-1694
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamin contents of commercial powdered infant formula for obtaining basic data on infant nutrition. Ten commercial infant formula based on cow's milk were collected and the contents of fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, $B_6$, folate, $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin) were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The overall vitamin contents in 100 g and in 100 kcal of infant formula satisfied the recommended formula regulation (KDRIs) and Codex. In infant formula during 0-5 monthly age, fat-soluble vitamin A, D, E, K could supply 178.6%, 205.3%, 208.4%, 976.3% of adequate daily vitamin intakes, respectively. Water soluble vitamins, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, $B_6$, folate, $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin could supply 173.2%, 237.2%, 269.8%, 295.9%, 431.6%, 165.8%, 1186.3%, 203.8%, 408.3% of adequate daily vitamin intakes, respectively. In infant formula during 6-11 monthly age, all vitamins satisfied their adequate daily intakes as well. Vitamin A, D, E, K supplied 199.2%, 262.3%, 220.5%, 626.46% of adequate daily vitamin intakes. Vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, $B_6$, folate, $B_{12}$, pantothenic acid, biotin could supply 179.5%, 210.2%, 264.7%, 241.5%, 206.0%, 166.9%, 699.5%, 247.0%, 475.0% of adequate intake of KDRIs. From this study, evaluation of vitamin contents of commercial infant formula was established, which could strengthen the basic information on infant nutrition.