• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2011

Purpose: Recently in Korea, there have been significant improvements in neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR). This study aimed to investigate the proportion of the NMR among IMR, with the goal of discerning the influence of improved NMR on the reduction of IMR in the last 5 years in Korea. Methods: All data were from Statistics Korea. Changes in the NMR percentage among IMR and the percentage of the death by the distribution of the birth weight and gestational were investigated. Results: The total birth rate decreased, but the total number of preterm and low birth weight infants increased. These was a large decrease in NMR and IMR. The proportion of NMR among INR exceeded 50%. Early NMR was higher than late NMR. Among the total infant death, the mortality of preterm and low birth weight infants was high. Conclusion: Between 2005 and 2009, the total birth has declined in Korea, but the frequency of low birth weight infants is trending upward. The improvements in NMR and IMR, and the downtrend of the NMR percentage in IMR, are encouraging. It seems that the continued decrease of mortality of preterm and LBWI is required for better improvements NMR and IMR in Korea. This result is expected to be used for the basic data to improve the management of the newborns in Korea.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2009

Purpose: Death is an important problem for physicians and parents in neonatal intensive care unit. This study was intended to evaluate the mortality rate, causes of death, and the change of mortality rate by year for infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: We retrospectively surveyed the medical records of the infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Asan Medical Center and who died before discharge between 1998 and 2007. Gestational age, birth weight, gender, time to death and the underlying diseases related to the causes of infant deaths and obtained from the medical records and analyzed according to year. Results: A total of 6,289 infants were admitted and 264 infants died during the study period. The overall mortality rate was 4.2%. For very low and extremely low birth weight infants, the mortality rate was 10.6% and 21.4%, respectively. There was no significant change in the mortality rate during the study period. Prematurity related complications and congenital anomalies were the conditions most frequently associated with death in the neonatal intensive care unit. of the infant deaths 37.1% occurred within the first week of life. Conclusion: Even though a remarkable improvement in neonatal intensive care has been achieved in recent years, the overall mortality rate has not changed. To reduce the mortality rate, it is important to control sepsis and prevent premature births. The first postnatal week is a critical period for deaths in the neonatal intensive care unit.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 1997

The anomaly which the right pulmonary artery originates from the ascending aorta is a rare and usually fatal form of congenital heart disease. This lesion is often associated with a patent ductus arteriosus. Death frequently occurs in early infancy. Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery is much more common than anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery. The anomalous right pulmonary artery usually arise from the posterior aspect of the ascending aorta close to the aortic valve. We report a 1 month-old infant with right pulmonary artery arising from the ascending aorta, which was corrected successfully by direct anastomosis to the main pul onary artery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates can suffer from COVID-19, and children may spread the disease in the community. This review summarizes what is currently known about COVID-19 in children and adolescents.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.228-233
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• 1993

Patients with anomalous connection of the left coronary artery to the pulmonary artery are at risk for myocardial infarction, and early or sudden death. Between 1986 to 1992, a total of 4 of these patients underwent surgical intervention with various operative techniques at our institution. Age at operation ranged from 2 months to 43 years. Three infant patients had congestive heart failure, 2 of them had mitral regurgitaion, and 1 had ST-T change on elctrocardiogram. Operative techniques included direct coronary artery transfer to the aorta[n=2], intrapulmonary tunnel from the aortopulmonary window[n=1], coronary artery bypass using saphenous vein[n=1]. One deaths occured at 2 weeks after direct coronary arterial transfer due to respiratory failure caused by Respiratory Syncitial virus pneumonia. Supravalvar pulmoanry stenosis occured after intrapulmoanry tunnel. We recommend direct aortic implatation of the anomalous coronary artery at the time of diagnosis. Intrapulmonary tunnel from aortopulmonary window or subclavian-coronary anastomosis could be alternatives in whom aortic implantation is not feasible anatomically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 1990

Seven infants less than age 3 months underwent patch aortoplasty and tube graft bypass for relief of coarctation of aorta. All had intractable congestive heart failure, despite aggressive medical therapy Each infant had other cardiac anomalies including patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and congenital mitral stenosis. All patients underwent closure of the ductus arteriosus and patch angioplasty of the aorta to produce a luminal diameter of at least 15mm or tube graft interposition utilizing the Gortex tube graft diameter larger than 10mm. In 5 patients who had ventricular defect, they underwent pulmonary arterial banding. &ere was one hospital death 17 days after operation secondary to the hydronephrosis and renal failure. Hospitalization was less than 10 days after operation except one case. In 3 patients who had associated VSD, open heart surgery[VSD closure+PA debanding]was done without difficulty. Surgical repair of critical coarctation of the aorta in infants can safely be offered despite the poor preoperative condition and presence of other cardiac anomalies.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

This research examined perceptions of parents and directors of child-care centers about safety, injury prevention, and range and level of compensation. Subjects were 285 parents and 297 directors of child-care centersin Kyunggi Province.Data were analyzed by t-test. Results showed differences between perceptions of parents and directors : parents considered the content and frequency of safety education to be more important; directors considered preparation for safety and safety management of equipment for injury prevention to be more important. Parents thought that range of compensation should include travel to and from the child-care center; directors thought that range of compensation should include sudden infant death. There was no difference between parents and directors regarding amount, subject, and process of compensation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.230-233
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• 2015

Lethargy in newborns usually indicates central nervous system dysfunction, and many conditions such as cerebrovascular events, infections, and metabolic diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is an autosomal recessive error of glycine metabolism, characterized by myoclonic jerks, hypotonia, hiccups, apnea, and progressive lethargy that may progress to encephalopathy or even death. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is a rare condition with various clinical presentations such as seizures, cerebral edema, lethargy, and encephalopathy. Here, we report the case of a newborn infant who presented with progressive lethargy. An initial diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis was followed by confirmation of the presence of nonketotic hyperglycinemia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 1996

Over a 3 year period, 10 premature infants with less than 37 weeks of gestational age underwent ductal ligation for patent ductus arteriosus. No patient died during operations which were done at a mean age of 30 days. One late death at 2 months after operation was not directly attributed to operative procedure. Follow-ups were done in 9 survived patients from 2 to 26 months. Results suggest that surgical ligation is a feasible and effective method for treating symptomatic premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.785-791
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• 1985

The congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation [C.C.A.M.] of the lung is a rare lesion consisted of multiple cysts in the pulmonary parenchyma lined cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The C.C.A.M. presents clinically in three ways:[1] stillborn or perinatal death, [2] progressive respiratory distress in the newborn, and [3] acute and chronic pulmonary nfections in the older infant and child. We recently experienced two cases of C.C.A.M. of the lung, and have good surgical results. The first case was 29 days old male and the second case was 16 month old female who have been suffered from severe respiratory difficulty and pulmonary infection repeatedly each other. The lobectomies were performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful.