• 제목/요약/키워드: infant behavior

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신생(新生)쥐의 생후(生後) 2주간(週間)에 있어서 Phenylketonuria 적(的) 조건(條件)의 실험적(實驗的) 유도(誘導) (Induction of an Experimental PKU-Like Condition in Infant Rats During the First Two Weeks After Birth)

  • 김행자;론제네커죤비
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 1981
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)의 여러가지 특성(特性)을 연구(硏究)하기 위(爲)하며 신생(新生)쥐에 실험적(實驗的)으로 PKU를 유도(誘導)시키는 방법(方法)을 실험(實驗)하였다. 신생(新生)쥐에 생후(生後) 2일부터 5일까지는 체중(體重) kg당 400mg의 Phenylalanine을, 6일부터 14일까지는 500mg의 Phenylalanine을 오전(午前) 6시(時)부터 매(每) 6시간(時間)마다 위(胃)에서 주입(注入)시켰으며 생후(生後) 3일부터 14일까지는 체중(體重) kg당 0.00625~0.0125mg의 amethopterin을, 5일부터 14일까지는 체중(體重) kg 당 50mg의 P-chlorophenylalanine을 오전(午前) 및 오후(午後) 9시(時) 매일(每日) 2회 투여(投與)한후 Phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T), 와 여러가지 외관적(外觀的)인 증상(症狀)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) Phenylalanine, amethopterin및 P-chlorophenylalanine을 동시(同時)에 투여(投與)한 경우는 P/T-비(比)가 정상치이상(正常値以上)으로 증가(增加)됨과 동시(同時)에 비정상적(非正常的)인 자세(姿勢), 비틀거리는 걸음걸이와 같은 PKU 증상(症狀)이 나타났으나 Phenylanine이나 저해제(沮害制) 단독투여시(單獨投與時)는 PKU 증상(症狀)이 나타나지 않았다.

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아버지의 영아 돌봄에 관한 문헌연구 (A Study of father's care giving in infancy)

  • 김영희
    • 부모자녀건강학회지
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 1998
  • These days social and economical changes have influence on the structure of family and the role of family members. Working mothers and widowers with children are increasing because of economical difficulties. Support from relatives are decreasing because of the conspicuous trend toward nuclear families. According to these reasons androgynous fathers are required. Today's fathers in Korea socially and culturally have learned about traditional parenting, but they are changing their fathering styles to meet the demands of the times. However they don't have their own fathering models. Therefore nurses who hold an advantageous position to teach and support from clinic have to encourage them to care their infants. The purposes of this study were to define father's care giving in infancy, understand influencing factors on fathering, and the differences between fathering and mothering, then contribute to nursing implementation for supporting fathers. This study was designed to review references about father's care giving. The results were follows: Six aspects of parent participation were direct care. indirect care, play, decision-making concerning the child, amount of time of sole responsibility for the child and overall availability to the child. Direct care involved feeding, bathing, going to child if child awakens. dressing, putting child to bed, taking child to doctor, nurse, or dentist, transporting child to and from sitter, day care, or school, washing child's hair. Indirect care involved cleaning up after child, preparing child's food, fixing child's broken playthings, washing child's clothes, arranging baby-sitting, shopping for child's toys and clothes, transporting baby-sitter to and from your home. Young fathers were gradually participating in direct care like feeding, taking child to doctor. Father's care giving stimulated mothering and promoted parent-infant relationship. Influencing factors of fathering would be divided into father characteristics, surrounding factors, infant attributes. Father characteristics were age, role perception, relationship with parent. Surrounding factors were the opportunity of early contact, support system, spouse's expectation, marital adjustment, feeding type, past experience of care giving. Infant attributes were temperament, behavior, age, sex. The differences between fathering and mothering were reviewed. Fathers were poor at care giving. but their caring was similar to mother's. This subtle difference positively worked upon infant's growth and development. On the basis of these theoretical data, nurses can empower fathers to cooperate with mothers in caring infants.

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아프리카의 인구변천 유형과 특성 (The Pattern and Determinants of Demographic Transition in African Countries)

  • 정성호
    • 한국인구학
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.127-146
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 아프리카 국가들의 인구변천 유형과 특징을 검토하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 아프리카의 인구변천 유형을 제시하고 있다. 그 다음으로 아프리카 국가들의 출산력과 사망력이 지난 40년간 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지를 다양한 지표를 활용하여 검토하고 있다. 분석결과 출산력의 경우 아프리카 지역은 최근까지도 비교적 높은 출산율을 보여 인구변천의 제2단계에 돌입한 것으로 보인다. 이 지역은 또한 알제리, 리비아, 모로코 등 아프리카 북부 지역의 국가와 나머지 국가들이 인구변천 과정에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보인다. 사망력의 경우에도 국가별로 큰 차이를 보인다. 우선 영아사망율의 경우 리비아는 17로 가장 낮은 수준을 보이는 데 반해 말리와 소말리아는 각각 142와 133으로 매우 높은 수준임을 알 수 있다. 평균수명도 국가별로 큰 차이를 보인다. 리비아와 알제리가 각각 71.5와 70.5로 가장 높은 수준이며 르완다는 39.9세에 머물고 있는 실정이다. 또한 대부분의 아프리카의 평균수명은 낮은 수준에 있다. 아프리카의 평균수명이 낮은 것은 여러 가지 설명이 가능하나 최근에 크게 확산되고 있는 에이즈의 영향이 가장 클 것으로 판단된다. 사회경제지표와 사망력 및 출산력의 관계는 대부분 예상했던 방향으로 나타나고 있으나, 그 관계의 유의성은 시기에 따라 약간의 차이를 보이고 있다. 사회경제지표 중 문맹률은 영아사망율과 양의 관계를 보이고 있으나, 통계적 유의성은 시기에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있다. 도시화율이 출산력에 미치는 영향은 음의 관계를 보이고 있으며, 1970년을 제외하고는 통계적 유의성도 잘 드러나고 있다. 연구모형에서 중요한 매개변인으로 설정된 영아사망률은 출산력에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 사회경제적 변인들이 영아사망률을 통하여 출산력에 미치는 간접적인 영향도 비교적 잘 드러나고 있다.

영아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 유머감각과 자아탄력성이 양육행동에 미치는 영향 (Effects of infant children Mothers' humor and ego resilience on Maternal behavior)

  • 이진화;강은진
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제15권11호
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    • pp.6576-6586
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 영아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 유머감각과 자아탄력성이 양육행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 서울시 소재 어린이집 만2세반에 재원 자녀를 둔 어머니 187명을 대상으로 자기보고식 형태의 설문조사를 하였고, 평균과 표준편차, Pearson의 상관관계, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 일반배경변인에 따른 유머감각, 자아탄력성과 양육행동은 각각의 하위 영역에서 비교적 높은 평균점수를 나타내었다. 둘째, 어머니의 유머감각은 대처전략을 제외한 세 하위 영역이 양육행동의 세 하위 영역과 긍정적인 상관관계를 나타내었고, 어머니의 자아탄력성도 세 변인과 모두 유의미한 긍정적 상관관계를 보였다. 마지막으로 어머니의 유머감각과 자아탄력성은 사회적 양육행동, 교수적 양육행동, 긍정한계설정 양육행동을 각 41, 39, 28% 정도 설명하였고, 정서적 표현성과 자아탄력성, 스트레스대처전략이 유의미한 영향력을 가진 변인이었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 어머니의 양육행동에 영향을 미치는 유머감각과 자아탄력성의 중요성을 확인하고 이를 함양할 수 있는 방안들을 논의하였다.

조산으로 출생한 영유아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 상관관계 (A Study on Correlation of Sensory Processing ability With Feeding of Preterm Infants and Toddlers)

  • 김미수;김경미;장문영;홍은경
    • 대한감각통합치료학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2019
  • 목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 조산으로 출생한 영유아와 만삭아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 차이를 비교하고 조산으로 출생한 영유아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 상관관계를 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 107명으로 조산아 51명, 만삭아 56명이었다. 감각처리능력을 평가하기 위해 영유아 감각프로파일 2(Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile 2; ITSP 2)를 사용하였고 섭식을 평가하기 위해 아동섭식행동평가(Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment; BPFAS)를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 조산아와 만삭아의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 독립표본 t 검정을 사용하였으며, 조산아의 감각처리능력과 섭식의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson 상관분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 조산아와 만삭아의 감각처리능력을 비교한 결과 감각특성 중 감각예민(p=.019), 하위영역 중 구강감각처리능력(p=.001)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 조산아와 만삭아의 섭식을 비교한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.00). 조산아의 감각처리특성 중 감각회피(r=.443), 감각예민(r=.374)은 섭식빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였고 감각처리 하위영역 중 일반적 행동(r=.390), 구강감각처리(r=.513)는 섭식빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 구강감각처리(r=.529)는 섭식문제와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 조산아와 만삭아의 감각처리능력과 섭식에서 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 조산아의 감각처리능력은 섭식과 상관관계가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 조산아의 섭식을 이해하기 위해 감각처리능력이 중요하다는 근거를 제시하는데 의의가 있다.

The Bayley-III Adaptive Behavior and Social-Emotional Scales as Important Predictors of Later School-Age Outcomes of Children Born Preterm

  • Yun, Jungha;Kim, Ee-Kyung;Shin, Seung Han;Kim, Han-Suk;Lee, Jin A;Kim, Eun Sun;Jin, Hye Jeong
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.178-185
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: We aim to assess the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), Adaptive Behavior (AB) and Social-Emotional (SE) scales at 18 to 24 months of corrected age (CA) to examine their associations with school-age cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children born preterm. Methods: Eighty-eight infants born with a very low birth weight (<1,500 g) or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from 2008 to 2009 were included. Of the 88 children who completed school-age tests at 6 to 8 years of age, 37 were assessed using the Bayley-III, including the AB and SE scales, at 18 to 24 months of CA. Correlation, cross-tabulation, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to assess the longitudinal associations. Results: A significant association was observed between communication scores on the Bayley-III AB scale at 18 to 24 months of CA and the Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (K-WISC) full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at school age (r=0.531). The total behavior problem scores of the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) at school age were significantly negatively related to the Bayley-III SE and AB scales but not to the cognitive, language, or motor scales. Conclusion: Our findings encourage AB and SE assessments during the toddler stage and have important implications for the early identification of children in need of intervention and the establishment of guidelines for follow-up with high-risk infants.

Food Safety Behavior of Low-Income Parents and Guardians of Infants in the U.S.

  • Kwon, Junehee
    • Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2002
  • The U.S. government have concerned about food safety over the last two decades. The concept of the continuum, “from farm to table” was created to explore ways to prevent foodborne illnesses in all stages of food systems. On the continuum, consumers were recognized as the last line of defense to prevent foodborne illnesses, and much efforts were made to educate them safe food handling. This research was conducted to investigate infant formula handling and hand-washing behaviors of low-income families, especially parents and guardians of infants. The subject was selected from participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children(WIC), a federal program for low-income families in the U.S. Stratified 200 local WIC offices were randomly selected based on the number of WIC participants in each state, and 20 randomly selected WIC participants from each selected office were asked to complete questionnaires. SPSS for Windows was used for statistical analyses including frequency, cross- tabulation, and chi-square analyses. A total of 87 WIC offices returned completed question-naires (N = 1,598), and 492 were parents/guardians of infants. Most respondents were white (51.3%), high school graduates (41.5%) , and participated in WIC>1 yew. Most respondents (80.9%) teamed about food safety from WIC, and only limited number of respondents (10.2%) used the Internet for food safety information. Most respondents stored prepared formula safely (94.6%) and discarded formula left in the bottle after feeding (84.5%) , but fewer used brushes to wash formula bottles (71.3%) and boiled water(15.2%) Chi-square analyses showed respondents in different race/ethnicity had different food handling behaviors. Respondents showed generally good hand-washing behaviors as 94.2% always washing hands after using restroom, 93.2% after touching meat items, and 87.l% before preparing foods. Fewer respondents, however, washed hands after changing baby diapers (77.0%) and touching pets (67.2%). Researchers concluded that WIC education on food safety was effective, as limited food safety education covered during WIC education were followed well (e.g., storing prepared formula and discarding leftover). However, results also indicated that there were many behaviors needed to be reinforced especially to overcome family tradition and culture on food handling behaviors. The WIC may serve as good food safety resources and education agents utilizing mandatory education sessions because the vast amount of food safety information on the Internet was not readily accessible for this low-Income Population.

기질이론에 근거한 어머니교육 프로그램이 모아기질조화에 미치는 효과 (Effects of a Maternal Education Program Based on the Temperament Theory on the Temperamental Goodness-of-Fit between Mother and Child)

  • 안민순
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.1044-1053
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of a maternal education program based on the temperament theory on the temperamental goodness-of-fit between mother and child. Method: The research method was a nonequivalent, control group, non-synchronized design and the experimental period was from May 10, 2004 to July 24, 2004. The subjects were mothers who had children 3-4 years old who registered in eight kindergartens or infant schools in M city. Among the total 94 subjects, 47 were allocated as an experimental group and 47 were a control group. Using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program, the data was analyzed by a Chi-square test, and t-test. Result: 1. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group significantly decreased in scores for perceived children's behavior problems in comparison to the control group(t=-4.01, p<.001). 2. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for parenting stress in comparison to the control group(t=-.85, p=.40). 3. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for rejective parenting behaviors in comparison to the control group(t=-1.32, p=.19). Conclusion: A maternal education program based on the temperament theory is a useful intervention to decrease perceived children's behavior problems.

세종시 유치원의 식생활지도 실태에 대한 영양사와 학부모의 인식 (Perception of Kindergartens Dietitians and Parents for Actual Dietary Guidance in Kindergartens of Sejong City)

  • 박남희;이제혁
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.406-418
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed to investigate the dietary guidelines from the dietitians and parents' perceptions in kindergarten. The survey was carried out by 39 dietitians and 320 parents in kindergarten of Sejong city from April 18 to May 14, 2019. Approximately, 48.6% of dietitians responded that the amount of food provided was adjusted according to the age and weight of the infant. Both dietitians and parents responded the most to 'to build the right eating habits' as the reason for dietary guidance. As a guiding method for infants who sneaked unpleasant food, 62.9% of dietitians responded 'teach them about the wrong behavior on the spot', and 63.7% of parents stated 'talk about wrong behavior later'. The necessity of linking the dietary guidance between kindergarten and the family was recognized by dietitians and parents. The most important content for the linkage of the dietary guidance was 'correct eating manners and attitude'. The biggest problem in the dietitian's dietary guidance was the guidance on an unbalanced diet. Our results indicated differences in the dietary guidance contents of dietitians' and parents' perception of importance. Apparently, it is considered essential to link kindergarten with the family to provide correct and effective guidance for children.

아동행태 특성에 따른 유치원 내 어린이 놀이터 공간 특성 -충청북도 청주지역 내 유치원을 중심으로- (Features of Children's Playground Space in Kindergarten According to Children's Behavior -Focused on Kindergarten of Cheongju, Chungbuk-)

  • 정유진;정진주
    • 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is presented playground space for early childhood facilities. Describes whether any development of children, and how to respond in accordance with each of the activities. The infants and toddlers life cycle is a continuation of play. Toddlers to play is the essence of life itself, through play, the world embracing and digestive, raising ideas and emotions expressed through play. It is time that paves the growth of infants age children. And equipped with personality, values, emotions, attitudes, play a very important role in this process. Play it delivers, it can not learning education. Sympathetic and experience through play, and be equipped to allow the personality, social, physical. So, we have an obligation required to provide adequate facilities and play so that children can grow properly. In this paper, from the limited play space and is listed on the importance alive to give the children a sense of space to get the sympathetic. And, analysis shown about affect for children each play, and space. In this paper, we performed a study is Performed a case studies of and domestic kindergarten and foreign kindergarten where the differences between the various lists and how to derive a plan for solving the problem by comparison and analysis were performed.