• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

현대 국가는 과학기술의 발달에 따른 산업화와 정보화 추세 속에서 다양한 위험이 항상 따르게 된다. 이러한 환경하에서, 공무원의 직무수행 중 불법행위로 인하여 국민이 손해를 입은 경우에, 이를 구제해 주기 위해 우리 헌법은 국가배상청구권을 보장하고 있다. 국가배상의 문제는 법치국가의 원리에 따른 피해자의 권리구제, 공무원의 불법행위의 억제, 안정된 공무수행의 보장, 국고의 안정 등의 다양한 가치들을 조화롭게 고려하여야 한다. 그런데 현대 법치국가에서 공무원이 한 행위를 국가가 책임을 지는 이상, 반드시 고의와 과실을 요건으로 하여야만 국가가 책임을 진다는 것에는 의문이 있을 수 있다. 또한 헌법에 합치되는 자기책임설의 이론에 의하게 되면 국가배상법상 과실책임주의는 배제되어야 한다. 국가배상법상 공무원의 배상책임과 관련하여 고의와 과실과 같은 주관적 책임요건은 필요하지 않다고 보아야 한다. 따라서 현행 국가배상법의 개정을 통하여서 국가배상법의 원리를 과실책임주의로부터 무과실책임주의로 전환하여야 할 필요성이 있다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

This study is the spatial characteristics of child education facilities through the cognitive development of child. Early childhood is the most important period in every human developmental stage; physical, emotional, and mental parts. Thus, the education in early childhood should be conducted naturally by a variety of experiences, sensibility, and physical activities, not by knowledge-oriented education which has been conducted until today. The education based on experience has been adapted, not only domestically, but internationally, and the early childhood education focused on child's development is especially emphasized in Europe. It's because the industrialization started earlier in Europe than in other countries, and it leaded to the entry of women in public affair. Consequently, early childhood education was taken charge of by the nation. While it has gone through trial and error, and Now it leaded to the better way. This study checks the common factors which shows the spatial characteristics based on experience and the relationship between the features of infants and concept of space in Piaget's theory. And then, I am going to systemize the relationship of each factor and suggest the design plan so that it could be applied methodologically when the space is designed for child education facilities beyond the current education only focused on programs.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39C권4호
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• pp.387-399
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• 2014

본 연구는 아프리카에서 사회경제 문제를 해결할 수 있는 인프라로 부상한 모바일을 통한 경제발전 전략을 제안한다. 이를 위해 빠르게 성장하고 있는 아프리카의 경제와 ICT 현황을 분석하고, 농업, 금융, 교육, 의료분야에서 활용되는 모바일 서비스 사례를 분석하고 경제발전 이론과 브로드밴드의 경제발전 기여 효과를 살펴보았다. 아프리카는 열악하고 비싼 유선 발전 단계를 뛰어넘어 모바일을 통해 정보화를 이루고, 이를 활용하여 ICT 기반의 압축적인 산업화를 이루는 발전 전략을 추진하는 것이 바람직하다. 아프리카의 모바일을 통한 도약발전을 위해 모바일 브로드밴드 인프라 구축, 저가 스마트폰 보급을 위한 정책, 정부주도의 모바일 콘텐츠 보급이 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 ICT기업들의 아프리카 시장 진출에 대한 인사이트를 제공할 것이다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2018

As the trade among the countries increases, domestic agriculture is facing a crisis. Especially domestic rice industry is suffering from the rice market opening problem and the domestic rice industry itself. As a counter measure against this, despite the promotion of the rice processing food industry, the export of rice processed food has decreased by an average annual rate of 12.3% since 2011 due to the lack of customized export strategy, such as low price competitiveness, insufficient quality and brand management. As a measure, we selected indicators to prioritize establishment of export strategy of rice processed food business and used AHP methodology to draw the weight for each indicators. The selection of export strategy prioritization indicator was based on the marketing mix theory, various previous research reviews and expert consulting. Five higher level indicators and nineteen detailed indicators were derived, and a weighted value of them was analyzed using a professional package. As a result, the relative importance of higher level indicators was 45.5% for product differentiation, 18.4% for management competence, 13.0% for export infrastructure, 12.0% for product pricing, and 11.1% for product distribution. The relative importance of the lower level indicators was 17.3% for product safety, 15.3% for product quality, 9.1% for management expertise, and 7.0% for product brand. This result is expected to be used as export strategy indicators of rice processed food export business.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.665-676
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• 1996

안정적인 천연자원의 공급을 통해 오랫동안 국가산업화에 이바지해온 일본의 광산산업은 산업구조의 개편에 따라 하향추세를 맞아 현재는 세 곳의 주요 광산만이 가행중이다. 최근 경제사정의 변화로 새로운 비금속광상의 개발이 어려워짐에 따라 매장량과 품위에 있어 경제적 가치를 갖는 천열수금광상으로 관심이 옮겨가고 있는 추세이다. 1970년대 후반의 급격한 금가격 상승은 환태평양 지역의 천열수금광상에 대한 지질학적 정보와 이해를 증가시키는 역할을 했으며, 특히 판구조론의 확립과 더불어 지열수계와 화석천열수계의 대비라는 가장 중요한 발전이 이루어졌다. 1988년에는 광산협회에서 천열수금광상의 개발을 목표로 일본내 19개 지역의 탐사를 인가했으며, 1989년부터는 준정부기관인 금속광업국에서 이 지역들의 금탐사를 수행해왔다. 광상성인에 관한 신개념과 새로운 탐사기술로 유망한 금광화대가 발견되어 왔으며 개발이 진척된 곳은 홋카이도 북부의 세타지역과 큐슈 중부의 노야지역이다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제5호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2007

Despite continuous efforts to redraw the boundaries between art and culture, the conventional concept of originality has persisted in approaches to the practice of contemporary art. In the discourse of originality, various forms of lesser arts that employ the method of replication have been referred to as kitsch, or "rear-guard," the opposite of avant-garde. This categorization points to the contested issue regarding the oppositional relation between modernism and mass culture. With its easily accessible content and financial affordability, mass culture has become both an irresistible attraction and a most powerful threat to modernism. This threat has instigated a discursive system that has situated mass culture as a cultural other of modernism. Taking the marginalized category of kitsch as the area of contention, this paper examines a discursive repression of kitsch. It analyzes the conceptual framework that defends originality and autonomy in art and, conversely, degrades kitsch as an inferior and dangerous cultural category. Greenberg'S concept of kitsch as a by-product of industrialization evolved into the criticism that advocates the autonomy of art. The Frankfurt School scholars, particularly Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, practiced comparable cultural critiques. Focusing on mass culture such as film, radio, and television, instead of art works, they critically analyzed the system of mass culture and theorized the negative implications of the ubiquitous presence of kitsch. Some critics, on the other hand, perceived the growth of mass culture as opening possibilities in cultural development. Walter Benjamin and Harold Rosenberg asserted the socio-cultural dynamics of mass culture underlining the potential for continual transformation in reality and in the subject. They acknowledged that technological advances changed the condition of creation and enabled unmediated interactions between media. By scrutinizing conflicting views on kitsch, this paper intends to reassess arts that draw "the forces of the outside."

• 분석과 대안
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.2-12
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• 2017

Research on democratic transitions has relatively ignored the question of why some countries experience a regressive form of political pacts, while others do not. This paper develops a simple game-theoretic model to explain the phenomenon of collusive pacts in the process of democratization. Trasformismo is a term that refers to a system of political exchange based on informal clientelistic politics. The existing studies of the politics of trasformismo have emphasized the timing of industrialization and the tradition of strong state as conditions of the politics of trasformismo. However, not every late industrializers and not every strong states experienced some variants of collusive political pacts in their trajectories of democratization. In this paper, I contend that the politics of trasformismo is rather a generalizable pattern of political elites' behavior under particular circumstances. By developing a simple game theoretic model, this paper suggests the conditions under which political actors are likely to collude to a regressive form of political pacts. The model shows that the likelihood of collusion to a regressive form of political pacts is a function of a set of parameters. First, a higher level of incumbency advantage in electoral competition is likely to be associated with a higher probability of collusive political pacts. Second, a higher degree of the monopoly of political representation of political parties without a close link with a variety of societal forces is likely to induce collusive behavior among politicians. Third, the ruling party leader's expectations about the likelihood of a safe extrication are related to collusive political pacts. This paper then engages in a case study of the 1990 three-party merger in South Korea. The 1990 Korean case is interesting in that the ruling party created a new party after having merged with two opposition parties. This case can be considered a result of political maneuver in a context of democratization. The case study suggests the empirical relevance of the game-theoretic model. As the game of trasformismo and the case study of the 1990 three-party merger in South Korea have shown, the collusive political pact was neither determined by a certain stage of economic development nor by a particular cultural systems. Rather, it was a product of the art of trasformismo based on party leaders' rational calculations of the expected likelihood of taking governing power.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-41
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• 1996

In the situation of rapid industrialization based on the lopsided development of economy since 1960, Korean rural society has faced a crisis of disruption. As a result, the civilian government has tried a few actions to change the circumstance. However, it is said that the coral polices were not satisfactory. Those who were concerned with the rural problems of these days argue that it is necessary to adopt new policies and further to change the policymakers` philosophies concerning the matter. The arguments are certainly based on the beliefs that the sound policies come from the sound philosophies. This study aims to analyze the existing rural polices and their policymakers` philosophies and to design of a new paradigm. For the purpose, this study was set there specific objectives: First, to overview the moor points of Quantitative Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and the Social Justice Theory of John Rawls, the contrasting frameworks of the moral philosophies; Second, to trace the major or trade of the rural policies since 1960s in Korea; Third, to analyze the policymakers` philosophies reflected on the rural policies; Fourth, to design a new paradigm of the rural policies. This study mainly adopted descriptive method based on the various source of government and non-government statistics, white papers and other researches. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The historical epochs of the rural policies in Korea was divided into the periods: (1) An organizational and institutional establishment for self-reliance of main crops and the New Village Movement $(1969{\sim}70)$; (2) An initiation of `open-door` policies to the foreign farm products $(1970{\sim}80)$; (3) Completion of the UR meetings and the recommendations of the Rural and Fishery Development Commission (1980-present). 2. It was found that the philosophical foundations of coral policies were directly reflected from the utilitarianism of the national development. Under the philosophy it was the modem sector of economy that was to spearhead the national development, and the rural sector was situated to the peripheral position and hardly in the spot-light. Therefore, it may be said that the present situation of the rural society was largely rooted in the model of economic development. 3. As a new direction of the coral policies, many studies were focussing on the NTC (non-trade concerns) functions of agriculture for the present and future society. The researchers argue that the cost of protecting and supporting agriculture and rural society may be higher than that of the burden which the nation should be bear in the case of failure of agriculture. Although it tray be true, however, it should be noted that the argument is another type of utilitarianism which prevailed in the past. As a philosophy of rural policies, utilitarianism is straight forward and persuasive, however, it has also limitations in terms of relativism in broad sense or social justice in specific manna. 4. This study suggests to set the philosophical foundations of rural policies on the basis of Rawl`s Theory of Justice mentioned earlier. It emphasizes the inviolability of social justice which was neglected for the national benefits timing the period of development dictatorship in 1960s and 1970s. The principles of social justice for coral people were identified as twofold; (1) The principle of the t equal liberty; (2) (a) Difference principle, (b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2022

Urban problems are constantly occurring around the world due to rapid industrialization and population decline. In particular, as the number of vacant houses is gradually increasing as the population decreases, it is necessary to prepare countermeasures. A plan to utilize vacant houses has emerged to restore the natural environment of the urban ecosystem where forest destruction, damage to habitats of wild animals and plants, and disconnection have occurred due to large-scale development. Through connectivity analysis, it is possible to understand the overall ecosystem flow based on the movement of species and predict the effect when vacant houses are converted into green spaces. Therefore, this study analyzed the green area network to confirm the possibility of greening of vacant houses neglected in Jeonju based on circuit theory. Using Circuitscape and Least-cost path, we tried to identify the connectivity of green areas and propose an ecological axis based on the analysis. In order to apply the resistance values required for analysis based on previous studies, the 2020 subdivision land cover data were integrated into the major classification evaluation items. When the eight forests in the target site were analyzed as the standard, the overall connectivity and connectivity between forests in the area were high, so it is judged that the existing green areas can perform various functions, such as species movement and provision of habitats. Based on the results of the connectivity analysis, the importance of vacant houses was calculated and the top 20 vacant houses were identified, and it was confirmed that the higher the ranking, the more positive the degree of landscape connectivity was when converted to green areas. In addition, it was confirmed that the results of analyzing the least-cost path based on the resistance values such as connectivity analysis and the existing conceptual map showed some differences when comparing the ecological axes in the form. As a result of checking the vacant houses corresponding to the relevant axis based on the width standards of the main and sub-green areas, a total of 30 vacant houses were included in the 200m width and 6 vacant houses in the 80m width. It is judged that the conversion of vacant houses to green space can contribute to biodiversity conservation as well as connectivity between habitats of species as it is coupled with improved green space connectivity. In addition, it is expected to help solve the problem of vacant houses in the future by showing the possibility of using vacant houses.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.770-788
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• 2005

본고에서는 대한지리학회지와 지리학전문학회지 그리고 박사학위논문을 중심으로 하여 주요 연구동향을 정리하였다. 그리고 지금까지의 연구동향을 바탕으로 앞으로 21세기에 한국지리학의 위상을 높이기 위하여 나아가야 할 과제와 연구방향을 전망하였다. 한국지리학 60년은1970년대 이전과, 1980년대, 1990년대, 그리고 21세기에 해당하는 2001년 이후의 4개시기로 구분할 수 있으며, 각 시기에 따라 발전의 내용이 양적${\cdot}$질적으로 상당히 다르게 나타났다. 지난 60년 동안의 한국지리학 연구는 양적인 면에서 엄청난 변화를 하였고 한국사회의 변화와 호흡을 함에 하면서 내용과 방법론에서 역동성과 다양성을 보여주었다. 도시화와 산업화 및 급속한 경제성장을 겪으면서 한국의 지리학 연구는 국토공간의 실상과 문제점을 분석하고 문제해결을 위한 사례연구에서부터 정책적 이론적 연구를 행하여 지리학의 발전을 꾀하여 왔다. 앞으로 2세기는 "지식정보사회", "고령사회", "범지구촌시대"라는 키워드가 현실화되는 사회로 변하게 될 것이며, 지구촌 사회에서 지속가능한 발전을 위한 친환경적인 제반 정책이 중시될 것이다. 앞으로 한국에서 지리학연구는 새로 다가오는 지구촌의 변화된 사회에 적합하고 지리학의 본질을 활용할 수 있는 연구방법과 대안을 마련하기 위하여 자연-인문의 통합적 연구, 학제적 연구, 해외지역과 북한지역연구, 한국적 지리학이론과 모델의 정립에 대한 연구가 활성화되어야 할 것으로 본다.