• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2012

한국에서 오염물 해양투기는 하수슬러지 처리방식으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 2009년 이후 적용되어 온 음식폐기물과 하수슬러지의 해양투기 오염 방지에 관한 런던 협약에 따라 2013부터 엄격한 법적 제재가 예상된다. 따라서, 고농축 유기 슬러지 처리 를 위한 고효율 포기 시스템을 사용한 현장 실험실 테스트가 하수 및 산업폐수처리장에서 적용이 되었다. 연구 결과는 고효율 포기 시스템이 유기성 슬러지의 감량화에 매우 유용한 것으로 나타났으며, 구체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째로 고효율 포기 시스템을 이용한 슬러지 소화시 유기물 제거율은 56.2 ~ 85.8 %이었다. 이러한 결과가 일반 하수 처리효율보다 낮지만, 고효율 포기 시스템의 처리대상 슬러지가 공장 폐수임을 고려할 때 매우 유용한 것으로 판단된다. 둘째로 슬러지 평균 제거 효율은 약 25.2 %이었다. 셋째로 고효율 포기 시스템에 의한 슬러지 처리비용에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있는 것으로 드러났다. 특히, 고효율 포기 시스템이 높은 고농도 슬러지를 함유하거나, 산업페기물이거나 고농도의 강열잔류 고형물(FS) 포함되어 있는 경우의 소규모 하수 및 폐수 처리장의 현장 처리에 더욱 효과적이다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 1999

In this research, biological treatability test was conduced using seawater flocculated tannery wastewater by fixed biofilm reactor. During one cycle, the removal efficiency of organic corbon obtained with fixed biofilm process for treating tannery wastewater was considerably greater than that with activated sludge process. As the hydraulic retention time increased form 0.5day to 4day, removal efficiency of organic carbon was increased from 72% to 87.3%. Attached biomass in media increased with influent organic loading up to 29g MLSS/L, that could reduce the specific organic loading rate. The continual measurement of attached biomass was possible for the operation of the biofilm reactor. Equal and low nitrication rates were observed in both suspended growth activated sludge process and fixed biofilm process, despite commercial nitrifier was seeded. Through the process of treating the tannery wastewater, EC50 values which is measured by the use of Ceriopdaphnia dubia, were decreased to the extent of 50% after treatment of seawater flocculation and of 83% after biological treatment, respectively, compared to those of the untreated wastewater.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2011

Objectives: Wastewater treatment plants typically produce a large volume of waste sludge. In this study, the conditioning and dewatering properties of a digested and thickened sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant were investigated in order to improve the dewaterbility of the sludge. Methods: Jar-tests and Buchner funnel tests were carried out to assess the conditioning and dewatering properties of a waste sludge. TTF (Time to Filter Test) and SRF (Specific Resistance to Filtration) were adopted as the indices of sludge dewaterbility. Results: The valuation indices influencing the dewaterbility of the waste sludge, including TTF, SRF, water contents, VS/TS ratio and turbidity, were measured. The TTF and SRF of the digested and thickened sludge were decreased to 40 sec, $3.43{\times}10^{12}$ m/kg, and 39 sec, $1.09{\times}10^{12}$ m/kg, respectively. Conclusions: The conditioner composed of natural inorganic materials turned out to be effective in the reduction of sludge water contents.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.201-214
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• 1995

Design approach of upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB) process based on the biological kinetic parameters are known to be very difficult since the characteristics of the granular slut비e depends on the type of wastewater and size distribution of the granular sludge also depends on the upflow velocity in the UASB reactors. Furthermore, industrial wastewater containing toxic substances has been treated by UASB process without the clear knowledge of toxic effects on the granular slut형e. Hence, the present research was aimed on the intensive evaluation of biological kinetic parameters of the granular sludge in UASB reactor with and without toxic substance of 2, 4-dichlorophenol in order to present the basic design measures for UASB process design. The results could be summarized as follows. The biological kinetic parameters(k and Ks) considerably varied with the granular size of the sludge. Generally, 연e k and ks values of the granular sludge increased with the particle size of the granule. The biological kinetic parameters(k and Ks) of the granular sludge obtained from batch test were not applicable to design purpose of UASB process due to substrate diffusional limitation into the granular sludge in the completely mixed UASB reactors. The toxic effects on k and Ks greatly varied with the granular sixte. And as the toxicant concentration increased, the k value decreased while the Ks value increased. Inhibition constant(hi) for k with the toxicant of 2, 4-dichlorophenol varied from 0.5 to 2.3 depending on the granular sizes while the inhibition constant(Ki) for Ks varied from 20.7 to 80.1, showing the mixed inhibition.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.150-152
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• 1998

Now the lack of water is serious problem all over the world because of the growth of population and expansion of industrial activities. So wastewater recycle and reuse is essential in many countries. One of the most popular wastewater treatment processes is conventional activated sludge system. In spite of significant degree of treatment rate the biological process has some operational difficulties and capital disadvantages. In conventional activated sludge process, sludge settling condition is getting worse in case of sludge bulking, it is common that overall process fails due to wash-out of biomass causing low concentration of MLSS in the aeration tank. Because of the absence of claifier the membrane bioreactor(MBR) process is less affected by such problems.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2010

하폐수 처리과정에서 발생되는 슬러지는 주로 혐기소화에 의해 처리되며 슬러지를 감량하고 메탄을 생산할 수 있어 많이 이용되고 있다. 슬러지의 전처리는 혐기소화의 율속단계인 가수분해를 높여 처리속도를 향상시키므로 많은 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 열, 초음파, 열-알칼리의 전처리 기술에 따른 슬러지의 가수분해(가용화) 효과와 전처리한 슬러지를 혐기소화하여 메탄 생산량과 슬러지의 감량 효과를 비교하였다. 하수와 폐수 슬러지 가용화율은 열-알칼리 동시 처리한 경우에는 67과 70%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 초음파 처리와 열처리가 40% 이상의 비슷한 가용화율을 보였다. 혐기소화 가스의 메탄 함량은 45~70% 범위로 유지되었고 전처리한 슬러지가 control에 비해 높게 나타났다. 메탄 생산량은 열처리, 초음파 처리, 열-알칼리를 같이 처리한 경우가 control에 비해 각각 하수슬러지는 2.6, 2.7, 3.5배, 폐수 슬러지는 3.5, 4.1, 4.2배 증가하였다. 혐기소화 슬러지의 감량효과는 전처리한 슬러지가 control에 비해 5~19% 포인트 높게 나타났으며 열-알칼리 처리한 경우가 초음파와 열처리에 비해 우수한 감량 효과를 보였다. 위의 결과로부터 전처리가 메탄 생산량에서 뿐만 아니라 슬러지 처리처분 비용 절감에 있어서도 중요한 역할을 함을 확인할 수 있었고 열-알칼리 동시 처리가 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.419-422
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• 2004

Textile wastewater from the Pusan Dyeing Industrial Complex (PDIC) was treated utilizing a two-stage continuous system, composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and an activated Sludge reactor. The effects of color and organic leading rates were studied by varying the hydraulic retention time and influent glucose concentration. The maximum color load to Satisfy the legal discharge limit of color intensity in Korea (400 ADMI, unit of the American Dye Manufacturers Institute) was estimated to be 2,700 $ADMI{\cdot}L^{-1}\;day^{-1}$. This study Indicates that the two-stage anaerobic/aerobic reaction system is potentially useful in the treatment of textile wastewater.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2011

Membrane bio-reactor (MBR) has several advantages over the conventional activated sludge process, including a high biomass, low sludge production, and better permeate quality. Therefore, the MBR have gained popularity for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. However the MBR usually were used for sewage and low streng th wastewater treatment because of membrane fouling problem and limitation of oxygen transfer into biomass. In this study, the hybrid process combining MBR and pure oxygen was tested for high strength organic wastewater treatment in the COD loading range from 2 to $10kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}day$. The hybrid process, membrane coupled pure oxygen high compact reactor (MPHCR), had been operated for one year and operation parameters, the effect of COD loading, MLSS concentration and the location of membrane module were studied for membrane fouling characteristic. Also membrane resistance test and the component of foulant was analyzed to investigate what is specific foulant in the MBR.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.703-712
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• 2010

This study performed to extract operation factors of major organic wastes, which were food wastes and waste activated sludge generated in industries in order to use them as a substrate for bio-H2 production. According to the results of experimental analysis for hydrogen production capacity by various organic concentrations, the hydrogen production yield was the highest at 80 g/L, and the efficiency was improved by the pretreatment of waste activated sludge (acid treatment, alkali treatment). Hydrogen production efficiency was improved by mixing food wastes and waste activated sludge if waste activated sludge was below than 30%, however, it was decreased when it was more than 50%. The impacts of heavy metals on the hydrogen production shows that the inhibition level depends on the concentration of Cr, Zn, and Cu, Fe was able to enhance the hydrogen production.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.663-668
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• 2012

The feasibility of enhancing biological nutrient removal from an industrial wastewater was tested with food waste leachate and sugar liquid waste as external carbon sources. Long term influences of adding external carbon sources were investigated to see how the biological nutrient removal process worked in terms of the removal efficiency. The addition of the external carbons led to a significant improvement in the removal efficiency of nutrients: from 49% to approximately 76% for nitrogen and from 64% to around 80% for phosphorus. Approximately, 20% of the removal nitrogen was synthesized into biomass, while the remaining 80% was denitrified. Though the addition of external carbon sources improved nutrient removal, it also increased the waste sludge production substantially. The optimal observed BOD/TN ratio, based on nitrogen removal and sludge production, was around 4.0 in this study.