• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.326-333
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• 2016

This case study identified the effects of joint mobilization on knee pain, isokinetic strength, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness in an elite volleyball player with a knee injury. The subject had experienced cartilage defects of the left knee joint and underwent surgery to correct the condition. The patient complained of continuous pain in the left knee joint in daily life in addition to pain during exercise. The study was conducted from August 5 to 12, 2015 and joint mobilization was applied to the left knee joint for 15 minutes once a day for 8 days. Knee pain was measured using a visual analogue scale, and the concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured using an isokinetic muscular strength measurement device. The muscle tone and stiffness of the rectus femoris muscle, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis on the injured side were measured using a myotonometer. All the measurements were conducted before and after the intervention. Joint mobilization was effective in reducing knee pain on the injured side, increasing the concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles on both sides, and increasing the muscle stiffness of the quadriceps muscle on the injured side. Concentric peak torque of the quadriceps muscle on the injured side increased a great deal as the number of joint mobilizations was increased, largely diminishing the difference in concentric peak torque between the normal side and injured side. On the other hand, joint mobilization was ineffective in improving the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio on the injured side. While this study suggests that joint mobilization can be an effective intervention to improve the knee pain, isokinetic strength, and muscle stiffness of elite volleyball players, it should be performed alongside training for an appropriate strength ratio.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.303-312
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• 2019

Oxidative stress in kidneys can precede the development of chronic renal injury. We investigated the antioxidative effect of membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE) from adipose tissue in LLC-$PK_1$ renal proximal tubule cells. Treatment of LLC-$PK_1$ cells with MFSCE showed the up-regulation of heme-oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase 1, and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase-1 protein expressions, which are proteins related with antioxidative activities. When oxidative stress was induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), cell viability was decreased, indicating that LLC-$PK_1$ cells were damaged by SIN-1. However, MFSCE significantly elevated cell viability from 58.84% to 64.43% at the concentration of $2.5{\mu}g/mL$ in oxidative stress-induced LLC-$PK_1$ cells. Furthermore, MFSCE ameliorated inflammation and apoptosis in SIN-1-treated LLC-$PK_1$ cells by modulating protein expressions. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expressions were down-regulated when LLC-$PK_1$ cells were treated with MFSCE. Apoptosis-related proteins, including B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, were also down-regulated. It indicated that MFSCE protected apoptosis against oxidative stress in LLC-$PK_1$ cells. Taken together, these results suggested that MFSCE had a protective effect against SIN-1-induced oxidative stress in LLC-$PK_1$ cells. Therefore, MFSCE could be a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-induced renal injury.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.57-68
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• 1993

The economy of Korea has grown up significantly in its scale. It has, therefore, become imperative to develop countermeasures to prevent work related injuries and occupational illnesses resultining from haza-rdous working conditions and handling harmful substances. A lot of cargo handling accident in port have occurred due to the characteristics of poor working environment, diversity of working place and method, fluctuation of the amount of cargo and handling of heavy, long, harmful and dangerous cargo, etc. According to '91 industrial accident analysis carried out by the ministry of labour, the number of the stevedores injured by cargo handling accident in port were 1, 432 persons (the death accident : 22 per-sons), the amount of industrial accident compensation in port was 6.7 billion won (the amount of economic loss : 33.6 billion won), and the injury occurance rate of the stevedoring industry was higher than that of the whole industry. This paper, therefore, aims to the actual status of the stevedoring industry and to extract the main cau-ses of the accidents related to cargo handling in port through factor analysis using the data of the accide-nts in the whole habour from 1990 to 1992, and to suggest the countermeasures to prevent such accident. The main causes of the accident and countermeasures are found to be as follows through the factor analy-sis : Factor1, factor2, and factor3 related to a defect of human being and management, a defect of state and environment, and an insufficiency of education and law are extracted. The short-term countermeasures to prevent these accidents are 1) to consolidate the safety and health organization in the working spot, 2) to secure a safe condition in working spot before dock work, 3) to strengthen a dock worker's safety educa-tion. The long-term countermeasures are 1) to promote a decasualisation of dock workers, 2) to modernize the cargo working methods through constructing exclusive pier and introducing exclusive cargo handling equipment, 3) to establish a exclusive dock accident prevention organization and the dock workers law. Factor 4, factor5, factor6, and factor7 related to an unfitness, a deficiency of technical knowledge, a nonfu-lfilment of safety measures, and a bad arrangement are extracted. The countermeasures to prevent these accidents are 1) to perform a complete safety inspection of cargo handling equipments and tools and to carry out the dock work according to a working plan, 2) to publish and supply technical safety books, safety instruction book, safety check list, etc., 3) to strengthen the safety patrol at the working spot in habour and to activate a safety fund, 4) to maintain always a clean workshop with the safety consciousness in which the good arragement of the working spot is considered to be the beginning of safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5060-5065
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of drowning accident in order to prevent and decrease the accidents of drowning. Data were obtained on all accidents of drowning accidents occurred from January to December 2007 were identified by using the Emergency Activity Daily Report Data from the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA). The age, weather, date, location, time and case of the drowning accident were examined. The Chi-square test was used to compare each group. All comparisons were made at the p<0.05 level of significance. The result show that the age of drowning accidents for victims aged 20-29 was 27.9%, and for victims aged 30-39 years, 18.7%. In reguard to the age group, drowning accidents during recreational aquatic activity was age 20-39; 51(44.8%). In reguard to the locations, the number of drowning accidents in a lake or reservoir during recreational aquatic activity was 62(53.4%). The number of drowning accidents in a lake or reservoir during etc was 51(58%). In reguard to the days, the number of drowning accidents on Saturday during recreational aquatic activity was 30(25.8%), on Sunday 32(27.6%). The weather of drowning accidents during recreational aquatic activity was sunny 60(51.8%), rainy 40(34.4%), cloudy 16(13.8%). The season of drowning accidents during recreational aquatic activity was summer 53(45.7%). In reguard to season, two groups are significantly different. Drowning is a leading cause of injury related accidents. Understanding the characteristics of drowning is the first step to developing prevention strategies that may be beneficial for people of all ages and under nearly all circumstances are increased swimming ability, lifeguard staffing, providing life jackets, and public education activities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2017

The construction industry generates the greatest number of disasters. Laborer injury at construction sites is mostly reported by small and mid-sized construction sites. Moreover, of the injuries, the greatest number is related to formwork. The objective of this study is to propose a checklist of the risk factors of formwork, in which industrial injuries occur most frequently in small and mid-sized construction sites, with which safety management can be done thoroughly. Risk factors and preventive measures are derived by analyzing 9,396 industrial disasters occurring at construction sites in Korea. The checklist drawn in this study was reviewed by five specialists in safety management, and applied to construction sites to verify its applicability. In a result, applying the checklist to the site showed that the safety management system of small and medium-sized construction sites were insufficient. It is expected to contribute to the effective safety management of small and mid-sized construction sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.296-305
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• 1998

A study was performed to evaluate an effect of toluene or ethanol pretreatment on the toluene metabolism. A slight liver damage in rats was induced by administration of 0.2 ml of toluene or 0.2 ml of 50% ethanol per 100 g of body weight intraperitoneally every other day for four weeks except the last day before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, toluene was administered to rats pretreated ethanol or toluene and the control. Rats were sacrificed at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th week after the first administration of xenobiotics mentioned above. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight per body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic glutathione content, toluene- or ethanol-pretreated groups showed the reversible liver injury. By the treatment of one dose of toluene, the contents of hippuric acid in urine was higher in the group pretreated with toluene or ethanol than control. The contents of cytochrome P-450, benzylalcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were generally more increased in toluene- or ethanol-pretreated rats than control. $K_m$ values of the benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in pooled liver samples from toluene- and ethanol-pretreated groups were similar each other. $V_{max}$ values of toluene- or ethanol-pretreated group was higher than control. In conclusion, the toluene metabolism is accelerated in rats pretreated with toluene or ethanol.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1234-1243
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• 2011

Our study was carried out to develop the severity-adjustment model for length of stay in hospital for community-acquired pneumonia so that we analysed the factors on the variation in length of stay(LOS). The subjects were 5,353 community-acquired pneumonia inpatients of the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey data from 2004 through 2006. The data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA and the severity-adjustment model was developed using data mining technique. There are differences according to gender, age, type of insurance, type of admission, but there is no difference of whether patients died in hospital. After yielding the standardized value of the difference between crude and expected length of stay, we analysed the variation of length of stay for community-acquired pneumonia. There was variation of LOS in regional differences and insurance type, though there was no variation according whether patients receive their care in their residences. The variation of length of stay controlling the case mix or severity of illness can be explained the factors of provider. This supply factors in LOS variations should be more studied for individual practice style or patient management practices and healthcare resources or environment. We expect that the severity-adjustment model using administrative databases should be more adapted in other diseases in practical.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.423-429
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of WBVE on biomechanical factor analysis of drop landing jumps before and after a four week training program. Methods: Participants were divided into two group: VEG (n=5, age: $25.7{\pm}2.3yrs$, height: $170{\pm}7.6cm$, weight: $69.3{\pm}8.3kg$) and OEG (n=5, age: $24.6{\pm}3.4yrs$, height: $164{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $58.8{\pm}9.2kg$). Ten infrared cameras (Vicon, UK) with a sampling rate of 100 Hz were used in two GRF measurement systems (AMTI, USA). Results: The variability of the center of mass was largest at the falling phase, and there was a great risk of injury when landing after the jump. Second, the jumping heights of the VEG (vibration exercise group) were higher than those of the OEG (only exercise group), regardless of training period. Third, there were significant differences in the hip joint P1 (flexion) and knee joint P2 (extension) between the exercise groups after 4 weeks of training. However, there were no significant differences among training periods or phases. Conclusion: regardless of training periods, the VEG showed increased jump height compared with the OEG, but the consistency between the jump height and the lower joint power could not be determined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.538-546
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on muscular strength, pain, range of motion and fear-avoidance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients. The subjects of this study who received ACLR after arthroscopic injury were divided into two groups: NMES (n=14) and TENS (n=14). Each group received intervention after routine physical therapy. Each electrotherapy intervention was applied regularly for a total of 12 times, 3 times a day (30 minutes) for 4 weeks. The evaluation by intervention method included isokinetic muscle strength in flexion and extension of the knee joint, pain, range of motion of the knee joint, and fear-avoidance beliefs. The results showed significant improvement in pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance beliefs in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was a significant improvement in isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength only in the NMES group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two electrotherapy methods in muscle strength, pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance beliefs. These study results suggest that NMES and TENS can be effective intervention methods for pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance response in patients with ACLR, but to improve muscle strength NMES may be more effective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.456-461
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• 2018

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an alternative treatment for carotid stenosis in patients poorly suited for endarterectomy. Intracerebral hemorrhage following carotid revascularization (endarterectomy, angioplasty, artery stenting) is rare and thought to be related to reperfusion injury in most cases. Early experience suggests an increased incidence of hemorrhage following CAS as compared to endarterectomy. In this study, data were obtained through a case report on an 80-year-old male patient with cerebral infarction. The 80-year-old hypertensive man developed sudden monoparesis in the left arm. He underwent CAS for 90% stenosis of the left proximal internal carotid artery. Brain CT after procedure showed acute hematoma with left posterior cerebral artery territorial hemorrhage, including the upper thalamus with extended intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Since this hemorrhage occurred in vascular territory unlikely to have been supplied by the treated artery, this case suggests that the mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage following CAS may in some cases be different from hyperperfusion hemorrhage classically described following endarterectomy.