• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objective: Chronic otitis media is an inflammation and infection of the middle ear which is persistent. Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly, multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids. A chronic ear may be the result of an acute ear infection that does not clear completely, or the result of recurrent ear infections. A chronic ear infection may be more destructive than an acute ear infection because its effects are prolonged, and it may cause permanent damage to the ear. Methods : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am until 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled within $22{\pm}0.5{\circ}$ and water and food were not limited. The extracts which were extracted from Hwangginaetak-san devided low dose group( 1.0g/kg-HN) and high dose group(3.0g/kg-HN), they were intragastrically administered to the mouse of sample A and sample B prior to LPS I.P injection. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by LPS, we measured the WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma. Results: 1. Hwangginaetak-san decreased WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS 2. Hwangginaetak-san decreased IL-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. Hwangginaetak-san didn't decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS Conclusion: According to above results, Hwangginaetak-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So Hwangginaetak-san is considered to be used for treatment of chronic otitis media by controlling the WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.465-473
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• 2010

As increase of height and slenderness of buildings, serviceability design criteria such as maximum lateral drift and wind-induced vibration level play an important role in structural design of high-rise buildings. Especially, wind-induced vibration is directly related to discomfort of occupants. However, no practical algorithm or design method is available for structural designers to control the acceleration level due to wind. This paper presented a control method for wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings using the resizing algorithm. The level of vibration due to wind is calculated by well known estimation rules of ASCE 7-02, NBCC 95, SAA83, and Solari method. Based on the fact that the level of wind-induced vibration is inversely proportional to the magnitude of natural periods of buildings, in the design method, natural periods of a high-rise building are modified by redistribution of structural weight according to the resizing algorithm. The design method is applied to wind-induced vibration control design of real 42-story residential building and evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.180-180
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• 1996

Previous studies have shown that kainic acid (KA) causes an elevation of hippocampal proenkephalin mRNA level. However, the role of proto-oncogene products, such as c-Fos, c-Jun and Fra proteins in the regulation of KA-induced proenkephalin mRNA increase in the hippocampus has not been well characterized. Thus, in the present study, the effect of cycloheximide (CHX) on KA-induced proenkephalin mRNA and immediate early gene products induction was examined. After pretreating with either vehicle or CHX (20 mg/kg, s.c.) for 30 min, KA (10 mg/kg) was administered s.c. The animals were sacrificed 1,2, or 8 hrs after KA administration. Total RNA and were isolated for Northern blot assay, and proteins were isolated for Western and electrophoretic gel-shift assays. First, we found that CHX inhibited KA-induced proenkephalin mRNA increase without altering intracellular proenkephalin protein level. Secondly, Western blot assays showed that KA increased c-Fos, c-Jun and Fra proteins at 1,2, and 8 hrs and CHX inhibited these immediate early gene products. Finally, electrophoretic gel shift assays revealed that KA increased both AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities. Furthermore, CHX attenuated KA-induced AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities. Both AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities were abolished by cold AP-1 or ENKCRE-2 oligonucleotides, and further reduced by antibodies against c-Fos or c-Jun. Antibody against CREB reduced ENKCRE-2, but not AP-1, DNA binding activity. Our results suggest that on-going protein synthesis is required for elevation of hippocampal proenkephalin mRNA level induced by KA. All c-Fos, c-Jun, and Fra proteins appears to be involved in the regulation of hippocampal proenkephalin mRNA level induced by KA (This study was supported by a grant from KOSEF).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2016

The present study was conduct to examine the $H_2O_2$ expression level and apoptosis-related gene expression levels inporcineskin-derived stem cell-like cells (pSSCs) after adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation induction. The pSSCs were obtained by digestion of porcine ear skin biopsy and cultured in each induction medium for 21 to 26 days to induce adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. The $H_2O_2$ levels of pSSCs after induction culture were evaluated by staining with 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($H_2DCFDA$). The apoptotic gene expression of pSSCs after induction culture was also estimated by RT-PCR. The pSSCs have a potential to differentiate into three mesodermal cell types (adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts). Non-induced control and chondrogenic-induced cells were showed higher $H_2DCFDA$ intensity (P<0.05) than adipogenic- and osteogenic-induced cells. The relative expression of Bax/Bcl-2 level was significantly low (P<0.05) in adipogenic- and osteogenic-induced cells compared to non-induced control. However, there was no difference in the relative expression of Bax/Bcl-2 level among differentiation induction groups. The result of the present study shows that the apoptosis of pSSCs is not detrimentally increased by differentiation induction culture, although chondrogenic-induced pSSCs showed high ROS generation level and apoptotic index similarly to those of non-induced cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1982

In this paper, the influence of phenytoin and phenobarbical on the changes of brain norepinephrine(NE) content, plasma corticosterone and blood sugar level in mice were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Phenytoin(50 mg/kg) increased the brain NE content but phenobarbital(50 mg/kg) did not affect. The increase of the brain NE content induced phenytoin was potentiated by phenobarbital pretreatment. 2) Phenytoin(25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) markedly increased the level of plasma corticosterone but phenobarbital did not affect. The increase of the plasma corticosterone induced by phenytoin was inhibited by phenobarbital pretreatment. 3) Phenytoin(50 mg/kg) markedly increased the blood sugar level but phenobarbital did not affect. The increase of the blood sugar induced by phenytoin was not affected by phenobarbital pretreatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.851-857
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• 1993

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a major cause of the increased morbidity and mortality assciated with diabetes mellitus. The prominent role of nutrition in hypercholesteolemia and atherosclerosis is generally accepted. Diet is a key element in the management of diabetes (type I-IDDM), yet the appropriate diet for patient with diabetes mellitus is not well known. Dietary protein has been shown to have a significant effect on plasma cholesterol levels in both experimental animals and humans. The present experiment was designed to determine the effect of the dietary protein level(20% vs 60%) on plasma glucose concentration, lipids profile, insulin and glucagon levels from non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Results showed that a high protein diet decreased triglyceride concentration in diabetic rats. Also diabetic rats fed a high protein diet were hypocholesterolemic than rats fed a control diet. There were no effects by level of protein on fasting blood glucose concentration and insulin/glucagon ratio. Results from the present study suggest that a high protein diet may be beneficial to control pasma lipids in chemically-induced diabetic rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.144-144
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• 1998

The physiological responses caused by exposure of high- and low-level lead exhibit different phase. Low-level lead continuous hypertension, but high-level lead can in the development of hypertension. In this study it was tested which difference can be caused as lead levels and, if it can be caused, whether hematological changes are related with the hypertensive effects induced by different levels of lead exposure was tested. Lead intoxication in male SD rats was induced by exposure through drinking water containing 50, 200 and 1000 ppm lead (as lead acetate). The animals of control group was supplied drinking water containing sodium acetate ad libitum. The number of each animal group was 10. Systolic blood pressures were measured in the unanesthetized state by the tail-cuff technique at 0, 3, 7 and 16 weeks. RBC, WBC, MCV, hemoglobin, hematocrit and whole blood viscosity levels were examined.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.199-204
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• 1996

In order to investigate the effect of Injinho-tang on liver treated with CCl4, galactosamine, thioacetamide and hyperlipidemia induced by fructose, triton wr-1339, this experiment was performed. The results are as followings. 1. Injinho-tang decreased the serum TG and TC level in normal rats. 2. Injinho-tang decreased significantly the serum TG level induced by 75% Fructose. 3. Injinho-tang depressed significantly the serum TG and TC level in hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339. 4. The silymarin-Injinhotang group decreased more significantly the serum GOT, GPT, TC, TG level in comparison to the Injinho-tang treated group in CCl4, galactosamine and thioacetamide treated mice, rats.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.85-92
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• 1999

Blasting induced damage boundary was determined by measuring vibrations adjacent to charging holes. the criterion adopted to define damages is that blasting-induced strains exceeding tension-crack strain level cause damages. The blasting vibrations were measured in terms of acceleration and converted to strains. The tension-crack strain level was determined with tensile strengths and elastic moduli of rock cores. The damage zone was found to be extended radially about 1 meter from the blasthole detonated with 250 to 700 grams of explosives. The comparison of shear wave velocity profiles before and after blasting shows that the damage boundary of 1 meter seems to be reliable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.1287-1292
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• 2001

Subway train-induced ground-borne vibration is studied. Previously used vibration level prediction equations are reviewed. Measured vibration levels are compared with the predicted results and numerically computed results. The results show that vibration level does not decrease proportionally with the distance.