• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.371-380
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to investigate the electrocardiographic changes in experimentally induced hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in Korean black goats by dosing with 5% disodiumethylene diamine tetraacetic acid at 0.07$m\ell$/kg body weight/min and 10% Ca-borog-luconate at 0.075 $m\ell$/kg body weight/min, respectively. the result were summarized as follows： Heart rate, S-T segment and Q-Tc interval at 3.23 ${\pm}$ 0.10mEq/L plasma calcium level(hypocalcemia) were increased to 100${\pm}$10.5 rate/min, 132 ${\pm}$10msec and 510${\pm}$40msec, respectively. Heart rate, S-T segment and Q-T interval at 6.89${\pm}$0.23mEq/L plasma calcium level(hypercalcemia) were decreased to 73.2${\pm}$5.16 rate/min, 87${\pm}$10msec and 372${\pm}$30msec, respectively. The degree of changes of the heart rate, S-T segment and Q-Tc interval at low plasma calcium level was higher than those at high plasma calcium level.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 1995

Changes in the distribution of dopamine and its metabolites, activities of monoamine oxidase, and dopamine uptake were studied inhyperglycemic rat striatum. The hyperglycemia was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days.). The levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid were significantly decreased without change in dopamine level in the synatic cleft 14 days after STZ treatment. In the synaptosome, the dopamine level, however, was significanly increased after the treatment. But the DOPAC level in the synaptosome was decreased 14 days after the treatment. The affinity of dopamine uptake was significantly decreased without changes in the velocity 14 days after the treatment. However the response to uptqke inhibitor was unchanged. The striatal monoamine oxidase activities were also decreased in the hyperglycemic state. These results indicate that various parameters of striatal dopamine activities were decreased in the hyperglycemic rats. Furthermore, it suggests that the increase in dopamine level of synaptosome might be due to the decrease in the release of dopaine in hyperglycemic state.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2007

To verify the effects of JAUN-1, which is a water-extracted herbal mixture, on gastroenteric disorders induced by 0.1 percent of iodoacetamide (IA) in rats. We divided four groups, $Na{\"{\i}}ve$ + Distilled Water (DW), 0.1% IA + DW, 0.1% IA + Proton pump inhibitor (Lansoprazole, 5 mg/kg) and 0.1% IA + Herbal mixture (JAUN-1, 50mg/kg) and performed following experimental methods to confirm its advantageous effects against ulcerogenic stomach in rats induced by 0.1% IA; cell cytotoxicity, analysis of lesions score, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stain, RT-PCR for ${\beta}-actin$, COX-1 and COX-2 and evaluation of intestinal prokinetic activity. No cytotoxicity was elucidated at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 1mg/ml JAUN-1 through MTT Assay using by human stomach epithelial AGS cells, respectively. In addition, the JAUN-1 treated group and the lansoprazole treated group significantly decreased in lesions score compared to the DW treated group in the gastritis induced rat model, and results of immunohistochemistry by H&E staining showed that histological recovery in Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) and JAUN-1 treated groups rather than the DW administrated group. Another outcome was that ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-2 expression level was significantly promoted in the DW treated group while ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1 expression level was no meaningful change in this rat model. Finally, intestinal prokinetic activity was recovered from low level of prokinetic activity due to 0.1% IA induced gastritis to the similar level of Normal group. These results suggested that JAUN-1 may have beneficial effects against 0.1% IA-induced gastritis rat model through decreasing lesions score, histological recovery, ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1, 2 expression level and prokinetic activity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-64
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effect of Jaeumkanghwa-tang (JEKHT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods: Six groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study - intact vehicle control, PTU control, Levothyroxine ($LT_4$), JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg treated groups. JEKHT were administered once a day for 42 days as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body and organ weight, serum hormone and lipid profiles, liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed with histopathology of organs. Results were compared with $LT_4$ 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally treated rats in this experiment. Results: PTU treatment, marked decrease of body weight, increases of thyroid weight, decreases of liver, testis, epididymis and prostate weights, decreases of serum Tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$), and Thyroxine ($T_4$) level with increase of serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, decreases of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level with increases of serum Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) level, increases of serum High density lipoprotein (HDL), decrease of triglyceride content, increase of serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, decreases of liver and testis antioxidant defense factors were observed. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contents and diameters was additionally demonstrated with the decrease of hepatocyte numbers per unit area due to hypertrophy of hepatocytes related to lipid droplet depositions, increase of a/oligospermatic epididymal tubules with epididymal atrophic changes, seminiferous tubular atrophy with decrease of stage I~II seminiferous tubules in testis, prostate tubular atrophic changes at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic and male reproductive organ damages were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, and JEKHT also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense factor changes in the both liver and testis. Conclusions: JEKHT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg dose-dependently inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related liver and male reproductive organ damages in rats.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2017

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus has been widely used as a traditional medicinal herb for the treatment of insomnia, limb pain and itch. The extract of Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus (PMRE) is known to have a modulatory effect of many inflammatory responses. This study was performed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of PMRE against arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 cell and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury on mice. Methods : The effects of PMRE on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. And flow cytometric analysis was performed to estimate the effects on mitochondrial function. To investigate its underlying mechanism, apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by using immunoblot analysis. In addition, ICR mouse were administrated (po) with the PMRE (30, 100 mg/kg) for 3 days and then, injected (ip) with $CCl_4$ (0.5 ml/kg body weight) to induce acute liver damage. The level of pro-caspase-3 was measured. Results : Treatment of PMRE increased relative cell viability, prevented a cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and pro-caspase-3, and also reduced mitochondrial membrane permeability against AA + iron-induced oxidative stress. In addition, PMRE treatment decreased liver injury induced by $CCl_4$, as evidenced by increases in pro-caspase-3 level. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMRE has an ability to anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effect against AA + iron-induced oxidative stress and $CCl_4$-induced liver injury.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2004

Background: The fruit of Rubus coreanus (RC), a perennial herb, has been cultivated for a long time as a popular vegetable. The anti-allergy mechanism of RC is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of RC on compound 48/80- or anti-DNP IgE-induced mast cell activation. Methods: For this, influences of RC on the compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release, calcium influx and the change of the intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine-3',5' monophosphate) levels of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) and on the anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release of RPMC were observed. Results: The pretreatment of RC inhibited compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release and intracelluar calcium uptake of RPMC. The anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release of RPMC was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of RC. The RC increased the level of intracellular cAMP of RPMC, and the pretreatment of RC inhibited compound 48/80-induced decrement of intracellular cAMP of RPMC. Conclusion: These results suggest that RC contains some substances with an activity to inhibit the compound 48/80- or anti-DNP IgE-induced mast cell activitation. The inhibitory effects of RC are likely due to the stabilization of mast cells by blocking the calcium uptake and enhancing the level of intracellular cAMP.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.276-280
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• 2003

Background: Peroxidases (Prx) of the peroxiredoxin family reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides to water and alcohol respectively. Hydrogen peroxide is implicated as an intracellular messenger in various cellular responses such as proliferation and differentiation. And Prx I activity is regulated by Cdc-2 mediated phosphorylation. This work was undertaken to investigate the proliferation role of peroxiredoxin III as a member of Prx family in Prx III overexpressed HeLa cell line. Methods: To provide further evidence of proliferation, we selected Prx III stably expressed HeLa Tet-off cell lines. Cell proliferation was examined by using proliferation reagent WST-1 in the presence or absence of doxycycline. Prx III, 2-cys Prx enzymes exist as homodimer. The activation of Prx III heterodimer with induced and endogenous Prx III was examined by immunoprecipitation. Results: Immunoprecipitation analysis of the induced and endogenous Prx III with anti-myc showed that the induced wild type (WT) and dominant negative (DN) Prx III from HeLa Prx III Tet-off stable cell heterodimerized with endogenous Prx III each other. And the expression level of induced Prx III was examined after addition of doxycycline. By 72 hr, the expression level of induced Prx III was diminished gradually and the half-life of the induced wild type Prx III was approximately 17 hr. The proliferation experiment demonstrated that the relative proliferation value of induced and endogenous WT Prx III stable cell has no changes but the DN Prx III induced HeLa Tet-off stable cells were lower than endogenous Prx III. Conclusion: In conclusion, the HeLa dominant negative Prx III Tet-off stable cells were decreased the proliferation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.618-625
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• 2006

The infiltration of both monocyte and activated T cells in the skin is one of critical steps in the development of UVB-induced inflammation. Upregulation of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the surface of keratinocytes plays an important role in this process. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism responsible for UVB-induced expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesion by keratinocyte. We observed that (1) UVB induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human keratinocyte cell HaCaT; (2) UVB induced the translocation of NF-kappaB and inhibition of NF-kappaB by NF-kappaB inhibitors suppressed UVB-induced mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1; (3) UVB increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by HaCaT cells; (4) UVB-induced increase of intracellular ROS level was suppressed by pre-treatment with diphenyl iodonium (DPI) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC); and (5) inhibition of UVB-induced ROS production by DPI or NAC suppressed UVB-mediated translocation of NF-kappaB, expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesion in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that UVB-induced ROS is involved in the translocation of NF-kappaB which is responsible for expression of ICAM-1 and subsequent increased monocyte adhesion in human keratinocyte.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2013

Objectives This study was to investigate the effects of Yuhyangjeongtong-san on the carrageenin-induced acute inflammation and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Methods Acute inflammation was induced by injection of 2% carrageenin 0.15 ml into right hind foot of rats. Control group was carrageenin injected and taken distilled water, treated group was carrageenin injected and taken Yuhyangjeongtong-san by orally once. 2 hours after injection, plantar temperature and paw volume were measured. 3 hours after, counts of white blood cell (WBC) were performed. Arthritis was induced by injection of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) into base of tail. Control group was CFA injected and taken distilled water, treated group was CFA injected and taken Yuhyangjeongtong-san by orally for 10 days. 0,5,10 day, body weight, thickness of ankle joint and paw edema were measured. 10 day, counts of WBC, $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) level were analysed. Histochemical study of NADPH-d and immunohistochemical study of c-fos were performed. Results In the carrageenin-induced acute inflammation, neutrophils of treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis, paw edema, total counts of WBC and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in paw exudates were significantly decreased compared with control group, and the number of c-fos positive neurons of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Conclusions On the basis of these results, we concluded that Yuhyangjeongtong-san have anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2003

Objective : In order to investigate the curative effect of Jucha-whan on the protective liver of guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, serum transaminase(GOT, GPT), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), glutathione S-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase(SOD) were used to measure enzyme activities and lipid peroxide level. Method : The subject animals were divided into 5 groups; a control group(untreated), a subject group(administered with 0.9% Saline solution), a sample I (500mg/kg administered), sample II group (1000mg/kg administered), positive control group(administered with 200mg/kg silymarine). Result : The inhibitory effects on the serum GOT, LDH, ALP, SOD and Lipid peroxide level activities in protective liver of mice induced by $CCl_4$ were noted both in the sample I group and sample II. The inhibitory effects on the serum GPT activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ were noted in sample II group, but it was not noted in the sample I. The inhibitory effects on the GST activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ were not noted in both sample I and sample group II. The inhibitory effects on the serum GOT, GPT activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample I and sample II, but it was not recognizable statistically. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities in protective liver of guinea pigs induced by d-galactosamine were noted in sample II, but it was not noted in sample I group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that Jucha-whan has treatment effects on liver injury in guinea pigs induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. So it is required to study about the actions of mutual relation of medicines and patho-mechanism through experiment.