• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.211-219
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• 2020

Quercetin is a polyphenol compound with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, little has been reported about the efficacy of quercetin to control psoriasis. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin to regulate psoriatic dermatitis with HaCaT cell lines activated by TNF-α and IL-17A, which are in vitro psoriasis skin models. When quercetin was treated with TNF-α-activated HaCaT cell line, inflammatory cytokine expressions such as IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced by 49.1±7.14, 42.8±8.16, and 34.5±2.52%, respectively. In addition, mRNA expression levels of IL-8 and CCL20 the chemokines that attract immune cells such as Th17 cells and dendritic cells to the inflammatory reaction site, were also reduced by 38.4±5.83 and 52.9±4.59% compared to the TNF-α treatment group. The expression of proteins KRT6A and KRT16, which was nonspecifically increased in psoriatic skin was also significantly suppressed. Moreover, phosphorylation of IκBα and STAT3 proteins activated by TNF-α was also significantly inhibited. After stimulating the HaCaT with IL-17A, known as another psoriasis-inducing cytokine, it was observed that IκBα mRNA expression decreased by 55.8±5.28%, and STAT3 phosphorylation was downregulated by 36.3±6.81%. Finally, after co-activation by TNF-α/IL-17A, quercetin inhibited all of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and CCL20 gene expression. The above results strongly suggest that quercetin is a material that has not only anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but also has an activity in improving psoriasis.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.33-40
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• 1978

1) The authors studied the effect of increasing age on the contraction and relaxation mechanism in the ureteral smooth muscle of the guinea pig. 2) Two to three week old, three month old, and two to three year old guinea pig ureters were used and the consistent amplitude of contratile responses were induced by using train stimulation. 3) After mounting the specimens in Tyrode's solution containing 2.6mM $Ca^{++}$, the ureter was stimulated, of which amplitude was initial contraction and next continuously superfused with $Ca^{++}$-free Tyrod's solution. When the contractile response stopped by electrical field stimulation, the muscle specimens was superfused with Tyrode's solution 0.25mM $Ca^{++}$ for 15min and stimulated with the same parameters. Thereafter, the contraction of $Ca^{++}$ in the solution was increased step by step up to 2.7mM. 4) The ureters of 2-3 week old guinea pigs needed less $Ca^{++}$ for the recovery of contractile response than those of three month and two to three year old did. In 2.7mM $Ca^{++}$, the ureters of 2-3 week and 3 month old guinea pigs recovered the contractile response of over 90% but those of 2-3 year old recovered the contractility of 77.2%. 5) Isoproterenol inhibited in dose dependent manner from $10^{-7}$ to $10^{-5}\;M$ ureteral contractility of both 2-3 week and 2-3 year old guinea pigs. The inhibition of the old ureter by isoproterenol was significantly less (P<0.025) than that of the younger ureter. However theophylline showed the strong inhibition independent of the function of age. 6) Dibutyryl cyclic AMP showed dose-dependent inhibition of the contraction of ureters of 2-3 week old guinea pigs but there was shown no inhibition in the old ureters. Further, the content of endogenous cyclic AMP in the two week old ureter was higher by 73% than that of 17 month old ureter. Cyclic GMP contents was not much different between two groups. 7) The ureteral smooth muscle of the younger guinea pig had more efficiency than that of the older animals in the mobilization and storage of calcium which concerned itself in the contraction and relaxation mechanism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.554-563
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of nutrient release at up and downstream of Kangchun weir, upstream of Yuju and Ipo weir in Namhan River. For this survey, we measured basic characteristics of the sediments (water content, ignition loss, TOC, TP, SRP, TN, phosphorus fractionation) and conducted nutrients release experiments under both aerobic and anaerobic condition. The overlying water from the sediment-water column was analyzed for nutrients (i.e. TP, $PO_4$-P, TN, $NO_3$-N, $NH_3$-N) everyday for 18days. Result of soil texture experiment showed that sediments are Sand. SRP concentration before the release experiment was different with the value after the release experiment. According to this result, we can find that there were more activated release processes in anaerobic condition. $PO_4$-P increased from 1 to 8 days and remained at the maximum value (7~8 days) afterward. The rapidly increase of $PO_4$-P was observed from 1 to 2~3 days whereas the TP continuously increase from 1 to 18 days. The $PO_4$-P release rate calculated by up to 7~8 days data highly correlated with initial SRP concentration with $R^2$=0.8502. $NO_3$-N release rate appears constantly decreasing trend as -5.7~-3.08 $mg/m^2{\cdot}day$, otherwise the $NH_3$-N release rate, by-product of a organic matter decomposition using nitrate as electron acceptor, was 0.57~2.41 $mg/m^2{\cdot}day$. Substantial portion in TN can be induced by organic nitrogen which originated from the tributary passing through non-point pollutant source. Compared with other similar researches, phosphorus and nitrogen release rates obtained in this study can be considered as relatively low values. Since this study targeted the sediments accumulated by one time of flooding season, there are limitation to generalize theses results. Therefore, it is necessary to consistently monitor and investigate the accumulation of nutrients in the sediment for understanding the effect of weir construction on the overlying water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.975-982
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• 2015

Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-trihydroxystilbene), a natural stilbene, is an analogue of resveratrol. In the present study, possible mechanisms by which piceatannol exerts its pro-apoptotic action in cultured human oral cancer YD-15 cells were investigated. To investigate whether or not piceatannol has effects on cancer cell viability, human oral YD-15 cells were treated with piceatannol (0, 50, and $100{\mu}M$). Piceatannol treatment ($100{\mu}M$) showed the strongest inhibition of cell proliferation and reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Chromatin condensation detected by DAPI staining significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating apoptosis. Piceatannol treatment activated initiator Bax (pro-apoptotic) and cPARP in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, piceatannol induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). We also evaluated the activity of piceatannol against oral cavity cancer tumors in mice. Piceatannol-treated nude mice bearing YD-15 xenograft tumors exhibited significantly reduced tumor volume and weight due to the potent effect of piceatannol on tumor cell apoptosis, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Immunohistochemistry staining showed elevated expression of cleaved-caspase-3 as well as reduced expression of Ki-67 in the piceatannol-treated group. Therefore, piceatannol can be developed as a cancer preventive medicine due to its growth inhibitory effects and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. is an indeciduous tree distributed in China, India, Miyanmar and Vietnam. Its heartwood has long been used in oriental folk medicines to treat diseases. In this study, antioxidative activities of Caesalpinia sappan L. and the effect of gamma irradiation on its chemical and biological properties were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc fr.) of Caesalpinia sappan L. was irradiated with 100 kGy of gamma ray. The dark red color of EtOAc fr. was significantly (p<0.05) removed by irradiation (Hunter L and b values increased and a value decreased). The total phenolic content of EtOAc fr. was 865 mg/g and it was increased to 1195 mg/g by gamma irradiation. DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of EtOAc fr. were very high and its activities were also increased by gamma irradiation. EtOAc fr. also inhibited the irradiation-induced DNA damage of lymphocyte as determined by comet assay. In conclusion, EtOAc fr. of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract showed high antioxidative activities in vitro. Furthermore, gamma irradiation on EtOAc fr. ameliorated the color and antioxidative properties. Therefore, it can be suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. may be a good material for antioxidant function and gamma irradiation may be applied for the improvement of chemical and biological properties of Caesalpinia sappan L.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2013

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit and leaf extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of the ethylacetate and aglycone fractions of fruit extracts were 16.29 ${\mu}g/mL$, and 12.29 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of fruit extract was higher than that of leaf extracts. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethylacetate and aglycone fractions of fruit extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay showed 2.86 ${\mu}g/mL$, and 1.80 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. ROS scavenging activity of the aglycone fraction of fruit extracts was similar to that of L-ascorbic acid (1.50 ${\mu}g/mL$). The ROS scavenging activity of fruit extracts was higher than that of leaf extracts. The cellular protective effects of aglycone fraction of fruit extracts (${\tau}_{50}$ = 72.3 min) on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes especially were increased in a concentration dependent manner (5 ~ 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). ${\tau}_{50}$ (72.3 min) of the aglycone fraction showed 1.9 times higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (38 min), known as lipophilic antioxidant at 10 ${\mu}g/mL$. These results incidicate that A. melanocarpa fruit extracts have higher antioxidant effects than leaf extracts and could be applicable to functional cosmetics materials for antioxidants by protecting skin exposed to solar UV radiation against ROS including $^1O_2$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

It was clarified that ethanol extract herb-acupuncture solution (EE-UD) and hydrotherapy herb-acupuncture solution (WE-UD) in Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae), are the excellent inhibitors of cathepsin K and L. WE-UD inhibited cathepsin K when IC50 value was 5.32 ${\square}g$/ml, and suppressed cathepsin L when IC50 value was 6.34 ${\square}g$/ml. However, EE-UD indicated the activity of inhibiting cathepsin K and L in the level of 1.45 ${\square}g$/ml and 2.43 ${\square}g$/ml, thus it showed more significance than WE-UD. It could be observed that EE-VD is an excellent inhibitor to cathepsin K with Ki value of 0.8 ${\square}g$/ml. This activity is increased by 10-fold even in the analytical experiment when having operations like glutathione in pH 7.0. Also, this supports the mixture of GSH thiolate anion, thus it was thought that this increase in effectiveness is probably attributable to the enhanced chemical function in the combinations of herb-acupuncture solution towards a place of activity in enzyme. WE-UD showed the time-dependent inhibiting property, thus it allowed to know the disunion and the compounding speed in constant cathepsin K during the process of experiment. Finally, EE-UD was proved to suppress the absorbent bone ash in the experiment related to osteoclast in rats for test, and to the bone in rodent. It was proved that WE-UD has the effect of inhibiting the protease in cathepsin K and L, and in collagen of bone. These results strongly suggest that it is effective in preventing the progress of bone damage, which was induced due to cathepsin K. Also, it obtained the conclusion that it is effective to the reabsorption activity of bone in the bone marrow cells.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

By extracting the sample of Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae), which was known to have the protection of damaged organ and the anti-inflammation action, it was experimented whether it is available for the application of treatment of osteoporosis. In the previous experiment, the extracts from Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) were confirmed to inhibit Cathepsin K through treating the cell of long bone, which contains osteoclast. Through this, it is suggested that Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) can play a role of prodrug as an inhibitor of absorbing bone ash in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present experiment, a research in vitro Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) on the growth and sensibilization of osteoblast in a state that induced osteosis by using the cell tissue of MC3T3-El pre-osteoblastic was conducted. As a result, it could be confirmed that Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) has the strengthening function by enhancing the dosage and the activity of ALP depending on the time. The dosage was observed at the minimum of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and the maximum of $150{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The enhancement in bone morphogenetic protein-2 at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ UD could be observed, and it also increased the concentration of ALP mRNA within the cell of MC3T3-El. At $60{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ UD which indicated a little increase in Type I collagen mRNA for a long time of culture. However, it was shown to sharply inhibit the expression of gene in the culture between 15-20 days. These results suggest that Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) has an influence upon bone metabolism through thje sensibilization of osteoblast. Therefore, it could be known that utilized Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) can be positively applied for the general disease of bone metabolism through future studies.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.6 s.90
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• pp.947-953
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• 2005

Previous test results showed that the current ASTM(American Standard for Testing and Materials) grip adapter for GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) rebar was not fully successful in developing the design tensile strength of GFRP rebars with reasonable accuracy. It is because the current ASTM grip adapter which is composed of a pair of rectangular metal blocks of which inner faces are grooved along the longitudinal direction does not take into account the various geometric characteristics of GFRP rebar such as surface treatment, shape of bar cross section as well as physical characteristics such as poisson effect, elastic modulus in the transverse direction and so on. The objective of this paper is to provide how to proportion the optimum diameter of inner groove in ASTM grip adapter to develop design tensile strength of GFRP rebar. The proportioning of inner groove in ASTM grip adapter is based on the force equilibrium of GFRP rebar between tensile capacity and minimum frictional resistance required along the grip adapter. The frictional resistance of grip adapter is calculated based on the compressive strain compatibility in radial direction induced by the difference between diameter of GFRP rebar and inner groove In ASTM grip. All testing procedures were made according to the CSA S806-02 recommendations. From the preliminary test results on round-type GFRP rebars, it was found that maximum tensile loads acquired under the same testing conditions is highly affected by the diameter of inner groove in ASTM grip adapter. The grip adapter with specific dimension proportioned by proposed method recorded the highest tensile strength among them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

To characterize novel biologically-active ingredients in traditional Korean soy sauces, polysaccharide fractions were isolated from two different soy sauces made either commercially (CSP-0) or through a traditional Korean process (KTSP-0), after which their intestinal immune-modulating activities were examined. CSP-0 and KTSP-0 showed enhanced production of interleukine-6 (IL-6) in culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells. However, KTSP-0 activity was more potent than that of CSP-0. Only KTSP-0 increased in vitro immunoglobulin A (IgA) production by Peyer's patch cells in a dose-dependent manner. KTSP-0 also showed the higher bone marrow cell proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells than that of the CSP-0 group. To investigate the in vivo effects on the intestinal immune system, CSP-0 and KTSP-0 were administered orally to four experimental groups of mice (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/mouse/day, 30 days). Oral administration of CSP-0 and KTSP-0 induced IgA production by Peyer's patch cells and increased IgA excretion into mouse stools in a dose-dependent manner. Peyer's patch cells from the mice administered both CSP-0 and KTSP-0 showed significantly higher IL-6 production than that of the untreated or CSP-0 groups. However, oral administration of KTSP-0 was more effective at the same dosage. KTSP-0 administration augmented IL-6 content in mouse sera, whereas CSP-0 did not show any effect on IL-6 induction. The above data lead us to conclude that the intestinal immune-stimulating activities of polysaccharides from Korean traditional soy sauce are much better than those of commercial ones.