• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chungguajang powder on blood glucose level and hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male ratt ($200{\sim}220g$) of six groups including normal group fed normal diet (N), diabetic group fed normal diet (C), diabetic groups fed chunggugjang powder diet (DC-1%, DC-5%, DC-10%, DC-20%) were used for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight. After 3 weeks the animals were sacrificed and hepatic activities of antioxidant enzymes, serum level of glucose and organ weight were evaluated. Food and water intakes were higher in diabetic groups than normal group. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were lower in diabetic groups. However, they were higher in chunggugjang diet groups (DC) than normal diet group (C). The serum glucose levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the diabetic groups fed chunggugjang diet (DC-10%, DC-20%) than diabetic group fed normal diet (C). Hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were lower in diabetic groups than normal group and they were significantly lower in diabetic groups fed chunggugjang diet (DC-20%) compared to diabetic rats fed normal diet (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that chunggugjang powder would have antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine administration on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg b.w.) and was confirmed by determination of urinary glucose secretion. Diabetic rats in the three L-carnitine treated groups were given L-carnitine, 50(D5O), 100(D100) and 200 (D200) mg/kg body weight, by subcutaneously every other day for four weeks, while animals in normal (N) and diabetic (DM) groups for control received saline by the same method. The daily weight gain was not different between normal and diabetic rats, but daily dietary intake was significantly higher in diabetic rats than in normal rat. Diabetic rats had a significantly lower carnitine concentration in both serum and liver compared to normal rats. Total carnitine concentration in serum was increased dose dependently upon carnitine administration, but statistic significance was shown only in D200 group. Diabetic rats had significantly higher serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations compared to normal rats. However there were no significant differences in liver L-carnitine administration to diabetic rats significantly decreased serum triglyceride but not cholesterol concentrations. In liver, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were not attired by L-carnitine administration. These results indicated that streptozotocin induced-diabetic rats have decreased carnitine and increased lipid concentrations compared with normal rats. Also it indicated that L-carnitine administration has an effect on the normalization of serum triglyceride concentrations in diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2001

Background: It is controversial whether the change in nitric oxide (NO) expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) may be responsible for developtment and/or maintenance of painful diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of NO in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy. Methods: The effect of L-nitroargine methylester (L-NAME) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on allodynia was measured in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. NO concentration was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of the diabetic rats. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry was performed on the DRG and spinal cords of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results: L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, alleviated allodynia, while SNP, a nitric oxide donor, aggravated allodynia in diabetic rats. Plasma NO level in the diabetic rats was significantly decreased compared with control rats. NO level in the CSF of diabetic rats did not differ from that of the control rats. NADPH-d positive cells were decreased in the DRG of diabetic rats. However, NADPH-d histochemistry in the diabetic spinal cord was not different from that of the control rats. Conclusions: Downregulation of NO expression in the diabetic rats may not be causally related to the development and/or maintenance of painful diabetic neuropathy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine whether or not oligonol, a low molecular weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced oxidative stress-related hepatic damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oligonol (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight; O10 or O20, respectively) was orally administered every day for 10 days to STZ-induced diabetic rats, and its effects were compared to vehicle-treated diabetic (Veh) and non-diabetic rats. Administration of 20 mg/kg of oligonol significantly decreased liver weight compared with the Veh group (P<0.05). Elevated levels of hepatic glucose, reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, and lipid peroxidation were detected in diabetic vehicle rats, whereas oligonol treatment significantly attenuated these levels (P<0.05). In diabetic vehicle rats, hepatic antioxidant enzyme protein levels decreased, whereas oligonol treatment showed significant elevated results. For inflammation-related protein expression, oligonol-treated groups showed insignificant reduction. Oligonol improved expression of proapoptotic protein caspase-3 in the liver of diabetic rats (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results provide important evidence that oligonol exhibits an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis-related protein expression as well as a hepato-protective effect against the development of diabetic complications in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.908-913
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate phospholipase $A_{2}$ activity and lipid peroxidation I streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting-Dawley male rats weighting 300$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to normal and STZ-induced diabetic group. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of STZ in sodium citrate buffer(pH 4.3). Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Body weight gains were lower in DM group. Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in liver was not significantly different between two groups, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis in liver was increased by 69% in DM group comparing with that of normal group. Liver microsomal phospholipase $A_{2}$ activity and level of TBARS was increased by 91%, 109% in DM group compared with that of normal group, respectively. The present results indicate that phospholipase $A_{2}$ activity is specific to PE hydrolysis, leading to lipid peroxidation process in STZ induced diabetic rats.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.710-715
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic treatment with Phellodendri Cortex extract (DP). Over a 4-week experimental period, Phellodendri Cortex extract was administered orally at 379 mg/kg BW/day. The final fasting serum glucose level, urine total protein level, and relative left kidney weight in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group. Renal XO and SOD activities in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group and renal CAT activity in the DP group was significantly higher than the DC group. Tubular epithelial change was reduced in the DP group compared to the DC group. These results indicated that Phellodendri Cortex can reduce glucose level and prevent or retard the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

Rhus verniciflua Stokes(RVS) has been widely used as a food and traditional herbal medicine in Korea. RVS has been reported that the extract from its wood and fruit has strong antioxidant activity and anticancer effect but there is little information on Lacca Sinica Exsiccata(LSE), the resin of RVS, as a medicinal use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanol-eluted extract of LSE on streptozotocin(STZ) - induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with STZ injection. Oral administration of LSE extract(50mg or 100mg/kg of body weight/day) was given to diabetic group. During 4 weeks of experiment, diabetic rats showed significant weight loss and decreasing feed efficiency ratios(FER) compared with normal rats, while the diabetic group orally fed with LSE extract showed a trend of decreasing weight loss and a significant increase of FER(p<0.05). In 4 weeks after induction of diabetes, diabetic rats showed an increase in weight of liver, kidney and heart, whereas the diabetic rats administered with LSE extract showed a reduction in the weight of heart. Blood glucose level was decreased in diabetic rats treated with LSE extract, but it was not statistically significant. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Glutamic pyruvate transaminase and total cholesterol levels were lower in the diabetic group treated with LSE extract than in untreated diabetic group, but not significant. These results present that LSE may partly have antidiabetic effect and may protect against the development of diabetic heart complications resulting from impaired glucose metabolism.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the water extract of Lespedeza cuneata (LCW) using rat insulinoma (RIN) m5F cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effect of LCW on the protection of pancreatic beta cells was assessed using MTT assay, and nitric oxide production was assessed using Griess reagent. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight of LCW for 5 weeks. In results, LCW significantly protected cytokine-induced toxicity and NO production, and increased insulin secretion in RINm5F cells. LCW significantly decreased serum blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels, and renal fibronectin expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Also, LCW effectively improved BW loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, our results suggest that LCW has a beneficial effect on cytokine-induced pancreatic beta cell damage and biomarkers of diabetic complication in hyperglycemic rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-124
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Brousson etiae fructus (BF) on the urethral nitrite level and the urethral nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. In vitro, the urethral NOS activity was not noted in the level of Dose of extract prepared from BF. In vivo, the urethral NOS activity was increased in normal rats and STZ induced diabetic rats by dose and term of extract prerared from BF. The the NOS activity decreased in STZ induced diabetic rats was increased as highly as norma1 group by the extract of BF The level of urethral nitrite and glutathione was increased too. But the level of urethral lipid peroxide increased in STZ induced diabetic rats was decreased as lowly as normal group by the extract of BF. In conclusion, the extract of BF can restore erectile dysfunction of STZ induced diabetic rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Objectives : To prove the channel-tropism theory in herbology, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of six herbal plants used for lower wasting-thirst in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days. The rats were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment with Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC, 300 mg/kg); Corni Fructus (CF, 300 mg/kg); Bombyx Batryticatus (BB, 50 mg/kg); Lycii Fructus (LF, 300 mg/kg); Phellodendri Cortex (PC, 300 mg/kg); Epimedii Herba (EH, 300 mg/kg); and glibenclimide (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Herbal extracts or reference drug were administered orally for 28 days. The changes of body weight, food intake and water intake, and serological markers such as blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Results : The decrease of body weight and the increase of food and water intake in STZ-induced diabetic rats was improved by the administration of CF and LF. Also, the enhancement of blood glucose and serum total cholesterol, TG, BUN and Cr in STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly inhibited by the administration of CF, BB, LF and glibenclimide. On the other hand, EH strongly inhibited the increase of BUN and Cr in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that among six herbal medicines used lower emaciation of emaciation-thirst disease, CF, BB, LF and EH show a characteristics including the channel-tropism theory.