• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

Purpose: The identification and quantification of indoor airborne contaminants, including bio-aerosols, particulates, and gaseous contaminants, are crucial for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality for hospital operating rooms (ORs). Laparoscopic surgery has become widely accepted for various surgical procedures due to its rapid recovery rate and the low risk associated with small incisions compared to conventional open surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the indoor air quality in hospital ORs and to identify indoor airborne contaminants generated during laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Measurements of an indoor environment, including temperature, humidity and air quality, were performed in an OR before and during a laparoscopic surgery. Indoor airborne contaminants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), suspended indoor particles, and airborne bacteria, were measured simultaneously. Results: The study determined that the concentrations of indoor air particles and airborne bacteria increased during the surgery but were within acceptable levels. However, the concentration of CO₂, reached a high level of 1,791 ppm due to the CO₂ gas required for maintaining the pneumoperitoneum during the surgery. Implications: The results emphasized the use of ventilation and filtration in a laparoscopic surgery room to lower the concentration of filterable and non-filterable contaminants.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.3-8
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the Phytofiltration system on the improvement of indoor air quality. Measurement was performed in a full-scale mock up model to examine the purification efficiency of air by plants. Seven species of plants, which were recommended by NASA, were used in measurements. Two species of plants that showed outstanding purifying effects were chosen for further measurements. The measurements were performed according to the positions and amounts of plants. Thermal environment, the concentration of Toluene and Formaldehyde were monitored. Ficus Benjamiana and Aglaonema brevispathum were excellent in diluting the concentration of contaminants. The effect of diluting concentration became better as the amount of plants increased. The reducing effect was the best when the plants were placed near window.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

This study aims to suggest ventilation design data for Public Entertainment Facilities in relation to Indoor Air Quality. The concentration of indoor air pollution such as CO, CO2, RH, Radon, HCHO, TSP was investigate, and the reguired ventilation rate of Public Rooms was calculated. As resuits of this study, the following conclusion could be obtained. Field measurement of P.E.F reveals that the concentration of CO2 was mist polluted and higher than IAQ standard, while that of other pollutats did not exceed the standard. In underground the concentration of CO2 increased 1130ppm(2 persons) 2170ppm(4 persons) 1970ppm(6 persons). The CO2 pollution was serions problem in underground more than second floor, in only exhaust ventilation system more than exhaust and supply system.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

Airborne microorganisms, termed bioaerosols, are etiological agents of many respiratory and skin diseases. There are high demands of controlling the concentration of bioaerosols, specifically in indoor environments. Here, a new system for controlling indoor bioaerosols is designed and evaluated. An idea of a short time exposure to a thermal energy is used in the design of the equipment. The system was tested in laboratory environments. The experimental results show that the new system can reduce the concentration of viable bioaerosols of indoor laboratory environments.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Indoor particulate matter(PM) is a carcinogen and needs to be removed and managed. It is generally reduced and removed through ventilation and filtration. Owing to the recent occurrence of high-concentration fine dust and yellow dust in the atmosphere, however, it is difficult to expect the purification of indoor air through the simple introduction of the outside air. For residential buildings, in particular, they are highly dependent on natural ventilation but the lack of natural ventilation is worsening because concerns over the inflow of external pollutants are increasing. Therefore, this study designed and manufactured a window ventilation system that does not require a duct to improve the maintenance and management problems of general ventilation system, and constructed indoor PM concentration change data through performance evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

Recently, concerns regarding indoor air quality in offices have continued to increase. Thirty offices in five metropolitan commercial buildings were surveyed from February to April 2004. Sampling was performed during normal business hours. Thermal comfort factors such as temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), respirable dust, $PM_{10}$ were sampled and analyzed to determine the mean, standard deviation, range, and correlation for each of those parameters. The data was then compared to office as standard of Ministry of Labor, and guideline applicable to the indoor environment. The results represented that the temperature was slightly higher than the standard of American Society of Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the relative humidity was lower that the standard of ASHRAE. The range of the 8-TWA concentration of $CO_2$ was 639 ~ 786 ppm, but 33.3% of the total thirty offices exceeded the 1000 ppm as ceiling concentration. The concentration of CO was less than 3 ppm, which was similar to that of offices in Japanese. The mean concentration of formaldehyde was 0.032 ppm, and only 2 % of total samples (193) exceeded the 0.1 ppm, standard of formaldehyde in office air. The concentration of respirable dust and $PM_{10}$ was not exceeded the standard of those parameters, $150{\mu}g/m^3$. The concentration of those parameters in the office air was statistically correlated.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.5 s.92
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• pp.387-397
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality(IAQ) in 91 public facilities from September 2004 to March 2005 in the Honam province(Chonnam, Gwangju). The measured air pollutants are $PM_{10}$, formaldehyde(HCHO), CO, $CO_{2}$ and total suspended bacteria(TSB), the maintenance standard materials of IAQ management law established by ministry of environment in Korea(MOE). We also surveyed establishment and operation of ventilation equipment. It was measured $1.2m{\sim}1.5m$ on the floor between 8 o'clock AM and 7 o'clock PM. As the result, $PM_{10}$ and CO was showed the highest concentration, $188.89{\mu}g/m^{3}$, 8.67 ppm, at the indoor parking. The concentration of HCHO was the highest in large store and steamer room. The concentration was respectively $118.70{\mu}g/m^{3}\;and\;113.21{\mu}g/m^{3}$. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ was the highest at the reading room of the library on the condition of natural ventilation. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ was 1,816 ppm and higher than the IAQ standards established by MOE. The TSB was just measured in the hospital and silver town. It was the highest at the admission room of hospital. The concentration of TSB was $766CFU/m^{3}$. The public facilities of this study were not exceed each maintenance standards except $CO_{2}$ but it was surveyed that the management will be needed about some air pollutant according to target facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1131-1138
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• 2015

Radon exhalation rates have been determined for samples of concrete, gypsum board, marble, and tile among building materials that are used in domestic construction environment. Radon emanation was measured using the closed chamber method based on CR-39 nuclear track detectors. The radon concentrations in apartments of 100 households in Seoul, Busan and Gyeonggi Provinces were measured to verify the prediction model of indoor radon concentration. The results obtained by the four samples showed the largest radon exhalation rate of $0.34314Bq/m^2{\cdot}h$ for sample concrete. The radon concentration contribution to indoor radon in the house due to exhalation from the concrete was $31.006{\pm}7.529Bq/m^3$. The difference between the prediction concentration and actual measured concentration was believed to be due to the uncertainty resulting from the model implementation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2012

Utilization of underground floor is becoming the main issue of our society to maximize and diversify the potential of recent urban space. It has brought about the changes of underground floor. Recently there are lots of huge bookstores in these underground floor. Bleach, adhesive and ink used for manufacturing books pollute indoor air in bookstore. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze indoor air quality in these large bookstores. Concentrations of carbon dioxide and formaldehyde in three large bookstores in Seoul were measured by presence and type of books and distance of main entrance which is well-ventilated. According to the data, space that places lots of volumes measured higher concentration of formaldehyde than that of non-existence books. Children's book section was measured more concentration of formaldehyde than other book section. Closer main entrance near outside, lower concentration of formaldehyde was measured. Concentration of carbon dioxide was affected by the number of people in bookstore.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

We estimated decreasing rate of indoor air pollutants which are PM10 and $NO_2$ by the air cleaner in indoor environment. This study respectively examined concentration of PM10 and $NO_2$ two times in 34 sites located in Seoul and Kyung-gi Do from April to September in 2003. Sectional period was respectively divided for operating the air cleaner and non-operating the air cleaner. Moreover, questionnaire was executed to grasp physical characteristic of objective building and residential characteristic of residents by using method of self-entry. There was a trend that concentration of PM10 and $NO_2$ separated number of residents during operating period respectively decreased among indoor air. According to the existence of smoker in indoor, both concentration of PM10 and $NO_2$ during operating period decreased in each case, and according to existence of pets, both cases decreased concentration of pollutants by operating the air cleaner. We used Monte-Calro simulation to remove uncertainty and identify efficiency of eliminated pollutants such as PM10 and $NO_2$ by the air cleaner. Average efficiency of removal for PM10 and $NO_2$ were 61.84${\pm}$23.04% and 48.67${\pm}$18.03% respectively.