• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.78-91
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• 2022

어린이 증강현실 교육 콘텐츠 개발에서 감성지능교육의 중요성은 간과되고 있다. 따라서 어린이 감성지능의 발달을 위해서는 심층적인 있는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 이론적 고찰과 사례 분석을 통해 진행되었다. 본 논문의 제안은 2~7세 어린이용 증강현실 유형은 마킹 인식 기술을 갖춘 실내 활동에 적합하다. 정서에 대한 이해를 촉진하기 위해 대형 스크린을 선택하고, 학습내용은 이모티콘 인형 또는 이모티콘 도서를 권장한다. 7~11세 어린이는 비 마커 인식 기술 실내 활동에 적합하며 적극적인 조작으로 정서조절과 정서 인식을 유도할 수 있다. 학습 내용은 '입체미술 교수 콘텐츠' '온라인 클래식 뮤지컬'을 권장한다. 11세 이후 아동은 비마커 인식 기술 야외 활동에 적합하고 자연과 사회에 대한 상호작용을 통해 감성지능의 각 요소를 향상시킨다. 학습 내용은 '미술을 통한 숲 놀이 활동' 'EQ 연극놀이'를 권장한다. 본 논문을 통해 어린이 증강현실 감성지능 교육의 발전을 도모하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2022

In this study, natural radioactivity concentrations and dosimetric values of fly ash samples were evaluated for the landfill area of the coal-fired power plant (CFPP) complex at Binh Thuan, Vietnam. The average activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were 93, 77, 92 and 938 Bq kg^-1, respectively. The average results for radon dose, indoor external, internal, and total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) were 5.27, 1.22, 0.16, and 6.65 mSv y^-1, respectively. The average emanation fraction for fly ash were 0.028. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were recorded as 20.30×10^-3, 4.26×10^-3, 0.62×10^-3, and 25.61×10^-3 for radon, indoor, outdoor exposures, and total ELCR, respectively. The results indicated that the cover of shielding materials above the landfill area significantly decreased the gamma radiation from the ash and slag in the ascending order: Zeolite < PVC < Soil < Concrete. Total dose of all radionuclides in the landfill site reached its peak at 19.8 years. The obtained data are useful for evaluation of radiation safety when fly ash is used for building material as well as the radiation risk and the overload of the landfill area from operation of these plants for population and workers.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2021

The movement of animals is one of the primary factors that influence the variation of livestock emissions. This study evaluated the relationship between animal activity and three major emissions, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and ammonia gas, in weaning, growing, and fattening pig houses through continuous monitoring of the animal activity. The movement score of animals was quantified by the developed image analysis algorithm using 10-second video clips taken in the pig houses. The calculated movement scores were validated by comparison with six activity levels graded by an expert group. A comparison between PMs measurement and the movement scores demonstrated that an increase of the PMs concentrations was obviously followed by increased movement scores, for example, when feeding started. The PM₁₀ concentrations were more affected by the animal activity compared to the PM_2.5 concentrations, which were related to the inflow of external PM_2.5 due to ventilation. The PM₁₀ concentrations in the fattening house were 1.3 times higher than those in the weaning house because of the size of pigs while weaning pigs were more active and moved frequently compared to fattening pigs showing 2.45 times higher movement scores. The results also indicated that indoor ammonia concentration was not significantly influenced by animal activity. This study is significant in the sense that it could provide realistic emission factors of pig farms considering animal's daily activity levels if further monitoring is carried out continuously.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2007

A diverse kind of environment-friendly agricultural materials(EFAM) for the control of insect pests is on the market. These EFAMs are a part of essential sources for the accomplishment of successful, sustainable, and environment-friendly agriculture. Thus, accurate information of these EFAMs is one that required for the success of environment-friendly agriculture, but, in reality, still appropriate information is absolutely in shortage. In this study, we, therefore, tested the efficacy of commercial EFAMs against two lepidopteran insect larvae, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). After the two insect pests were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the larvicidal activity was tested at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, relative humidity(RH) of $60{\pm}5%$, and a photoperiod of 16L:8D, and mortality was determined 48 hrs after EFAMs are treated. The EFAMs that showed more than 90% of larvicidal activity were each six among 16 against both P. xylostella and S. litura and only three of them showed consistent larvicidal activity against both species, signifying species specificity of EFAMs and importance of selection of proper EFAMs depending on target insect pest.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.341-344
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• 2005

The expression of the glutathione S-transferase (GST), whose induction accounts for antioxidant defense system, is regulated by activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\beta}$ ($C/EBP{\beta}$), Sick house syndrome (SHS) presents healthy damage owing to the indoor environment of a building. Toluene has been implicated in one of the important causes of SHS. The present study investigated the effects of toluene treatment on the induction of GSTA2 gene and its mechanism. H411E cells treated with toluene, and GSTA2 expression was determined by immunoblot analysis. The translocation of $C/EBP{\beta}$ was assessed by immunocytochemical assays. $C/EBP{\beta}$ DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The role of the C/EBP binding site in the induction of the GSTA2 gene was assessed by luciferase reporter-gene activity. Toluene induced GSTA2 protein expression. In toluene-treated cells, $C/EBP{\beta}$ translocated to the nucleus and bound to the consensus sequence of C/EBP (TTGCGCAA). Toluene treatment increased luciferase reporter-gene activity in cells transfected with the C/EBP-containing regulatory region of the GSTA2 gene. Oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in the induction of GSTA2 gene by toluene This study shows that toluene-induced GSTA2 gene expression is dependent upon nuclear translocation and binding of $C/EBP{\beta}$ to the C/EBP response element in the GSTA2 gene promoter.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 독거노인과 비독거노인의 건강상태에 관하여 생활활동능력, 신체통증 그리고 정서상태의 3가지 요소로 나누어 그룹간에 차이를 비교하고 고령자의 건강상태에 관여하는 요인에 대한 관련성을 확인해 보았다. 연구에는 총 88명의 고령자를 대상으로 조사를 실시하여 분석에 사용하였다. 비독거노인에 비해, 독거노인의 경우 생활활동능력이 낮고, 신체적통증이 높으며, 정서상태가 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 3요소간 유의미한 상관관계가 있었는데, 세부 분석 결과 이는 거주형태(독거/비독거)이외에도 생활활동패턴(실내/실외 활동)이 동시에 관여하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 독거노인 돌봄서비스와 고령자의 건강상태를 객관적으로 측정하기 위한 생리학적 지표개발에 기초자료로 활용되어 질 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Efforts to employ smart home sensors to monitor the indoor activities of elderly single residents have been made to assess the feasibility of a safe and healthy lifestyle. However, the bathroom remains an area of blind spot. In this study, we have developed and evaluated a new edge computer device that can automatically detect water usage activities in the bathroom and record the activity log on a cloud server. Three kinds of sound as flushing, showering, and washing using wash basin generated during water usage were recorded and cut into 1-second scenes. These sound clips were then converted into a 2-dimensional image using MEL-spectrogram. Sound data augmentation techniques were adopted to obtain better learning effect from smaller number of data sets. These techniques, some of which are applied in time domain and others in frequency domain, increased the number of training data set by 30 times. A deep learning model, called CRNN, combining Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network was employed. The edge device was implemented using Raspberry Pi 4 and was equipped with a condenser microphone and amplifier to run the pre-trained model in real-time. The detected activities were recorded as text-based activity logs on a Firebase server. Performance was evaluated in two bathrooms for the three water usage activities, resulting in an accuracy of 96.1% and 88.2%, and F1 Score of 96.1% and 87.8%, respectively. Most of the classification errors were observed in the water sound from washing. In conclusion, this system demonstrates the potential for use in recording the activities as a lifelog of elderly single residents to a cloud server over the long-term.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2016

본 연구는 WUFI Pro 5.3을 이용하여 한국농어촌공사에서 제시하고 있는 농어촌 표준 목조주택 설계를 기준으로 목조 벽체의 hygrothermal 거동에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 2010년도에 제시된 벽체보다 2014년도에 개선된 벽체의 Total Water Contents (TWC)가 더 낮게 나타난 것을 확인하였고, 3년간의 평가에서 TWC가 일정하게 유지되는 동적 안정 상태에 도달하였음을 보아 hygrothermal 환경을 적절히 고려하는 개선임을 확인하였다. 또한 농촌지역과 어촌지역을 구분지어 hygrothermal 거동을 평가한 결과, 벽체가 해당지역의 온도보다 상대습도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 목재 기반 재료의 과도한 수분 함량 문제는 실외마감의 재료를 바꾸는 것으로 어촌지역에도 적용이 가능한 벽체로 개선할 수 있었다. 곰팡이 성장 위험의 경우, 초기 실내 설정온도에서 여름철에 곰팡이가 성장할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 고려하여 여름철 실내 설정온도를 변화시키는 것으로 개선되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 건축설계 단계에서 WUFI 프로그램과 같은 hygrothermal 거동 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 건축물의 수분에 대한 문제를 미리 분석하고 이에 맞는 벽체의 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2013

Objectives: Cooking activity in indoor environments can generate particulate matter. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP), $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_{10}$ in cooking and non-cooking areas of major department stores in Seoul. Methods: Eighteen department stores in Seoul, Korea were measured for concentrations of particulate matter. Using real-time monitors, concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were simultaneously measured in cooking and non-cooking areas on the floor with a food court and a non-cooking floor. Results: The concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were significantly higher in cooking areas than in noncooking areas and non-cooking floors (p<0.05). UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly correlated in cooking areas and non-cooking areas but not in non-cooking floors. $PM_{2.5}$ were consisted of approximately 81% in $PM_{10}$ and highly correlated with $PM_{10}$ in all places. Conclusion: A higher correlation between UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ was shown on cooking floor than on non-cooking floor in department stores. High levels of fine particles were caused by cooking activities at food courts. The further management of PM is needed to improve the indoor PM levels at food courts in department stores.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify hazardous factors that reflect the characteristics of the academy and to provide basic data of environmental safety standard. Methods: Heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, pesticides and phthalates were measured in 20 academies, which were supplementary, music, art and physical education institutes. Results: In case of heavy metals, the 12 locations were detected for lead (Pb) over the standard value, and 15 locations were exceeded for the total heavy metal. In six locations, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds were exceeded the standard value of $400{\mu}g/m^3$, and two locations for formaldehyde were exceeded the standard value of $100{\mu}g/m^3$. The most commonly detected agents in the air dust were chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The concentrations of DEHP, DINP, and DBP were detected and exceeded in several academies, The risk assessment results showed that HCHO as carcinogen had a safety level of 10-7 to 10-6, and DEHP and DINP as non-carcinogens had a safety level as assessed to be under than 0.1. Conclusions: Through the investigation of long-term environmental and health effects related laws on academies, indoor air quality management might be needed because there were cases of exceeding standard.