• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2004

Synthesis, absorption and fluorescence properties of 3-methyl indole (1), N-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-(3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-indole (2) and 1H-3-(3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-indole (3) are described. Extended conjugation at C-3 of indole as in 3 causes moderate resolution of $^1L_a$ and $^1L_b$ bands. However, 2 having an electron-withdrawing group at indolic nitrogen shows only the $^1L_a$ band. While the $^1L_b$ band largely remains solvent polarity independent, the $^1L_a$ band undergoes moderate red shift in polar solvents. The fluorescence in 2 and 3 originates from the $L_b$ transition. Additionally, interaction of 2 and 3 with BSA indicates that these compounds bind to the hydrophobic site of BSA with the formation of a highly fluorescent BSA-probe complex.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2014

Purification of indole contained in model coal tar absorption oil was examined by extraction-distillation-crystallization combination. The absorption oil consists of nine components such as four kinds of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (9.2% quinoline, 2.4% iso-quinoline, 4.7% indole, 2.4% quinaldine), three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compounds (14.2% 1-methylnaphthalene, 31.8% 2-methylnaphthalene, 23.5% dimethylnaphthalene), 5.5% biphenyl and 3.3% phenyl ether. 99.5% indole was recovered by combination of formamide extraction-distillation-solute crystallization using n-hexane. Furthermore, the recovery process of indole contained in coal tar absorption oil was studied by using the experimental results obtained by each operation of this work.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.145-148
• /
• 1985

The effect of anionic polyelectrolytes, poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(vinylsulfonate) (PVS), on the charge transfer complexing between indole derivatives and methyl viologen($MV^{++}$) cation was investigated. The results were compared with effect of NaCl and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Both PSS and PVS enhanced the complex formation of neutral species (indole and indole acetate at low pH), zwitter ionic tryptophan, and positively charged tryptamine and tryptophan at low pH with $MV^{++}$. This result was attributed to the contribution of hydrophobic interaction, in addition to electrostatic interaction. The enhancing effect of PSS was much higher than that of PVS reflecting the higher hydrophobicity of PSS. The interaction between indole acetate anion and $MV^{++}$ was greatly reduced by addition of PVS and PSS. The higher charge density of PVS was appeared as greater reducing effect indicating the importance of electrostatic force in this case. In all cases, the effect of polyelectrolytes showed maxima, and further addition of PVS and PSS decreased the effect. This behavior was explained in terms of distribution of indole derivatives and $MV^{++}$ in domain of polyanions. The complex formation constants and molar absorptivities of complexes were determined, and the values were compared with those in water and SDS solutions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 1985

The charge-transfer complexing properties of 1-methyl nicotinamide (MNA), an acceptor, and adenine, a donor, were investigated in water and SDS micellar solutions in relation to the intramolecular interaction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ($NAD^+$). The spectral and thermodynamic parameters of MNA-indole and methyl viologen-adenine complex formations were determined, and the data were utilized to evaluate the charge-transfer abilities of MNA and adenine. The electron affinity of nicotinamide was estimated to be 0.28 eV from charge-transfer energy $of{\sim}300$ nm for MNA-indole. The large enhancement of MNA-indole complexation in SDS solutions by entropy effect was attributed to hydrophobic nature of indole. The complex between adenine and methyl viologen showed an absorption band peaked near 360 nm. The ionization potential of adenine was evaluated to be 8.28 eV from this. The much smaller enhancement of charge-transfer interaction involving adenine than that of indole in SDS solutions was attributed to weaker hydrophobic nature of the donor. The charge-transfer energy of 4.41 eV (280 nm) was estimated for nicotinamide-adenine complex. The spectral behaviors of $NAD^+$ were accounted to the presence of intramolecular interaction in $NAD^+$, which is only slightly enhanced in SDS solutions. The replacement of nicotinamide-adenine interaction in $NAD^+$ by intermolecular nicotinamide-indole interaction in enzyme bound $NAD^+$, and guiding role of adenine moiety in $NAD^+$ were discussed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2013

In here, we investigated the quantitative analysis method of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography-MS. Two ways of clean-up process were investigated for LC-MS/MS instrumental analysis of IAA, but both a simple dilution and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) solid phase extraction (SPE) were not met the optimal recovery rates for quantitative analysis. On the other hand, the clean-up method for GC-MS was finally optimized through HLB-SPE from 250-folds diluted sample and methylation with trimethylsilyl chloride in methanol for 4 h. The limit of detection for methyl ester of IAA and IBA were both 1.4 mg/L, and recovery rates showed 93-107% from the concentrated liquid fertilizer.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 1992

- Enzymatic synthesis of L-tryptophan(Trp) using E. coli tryptophanase has been investigated. In order to reduce the substrate inhibition by indole and to increase the product yield of L-tryptophan three different approaches have been made in this work. First, indole was intermittently fed to the reaction mixture in order to control the indole concentration at lower level. When 15 mM of indole was used as a total amount of substrate, conversion yield of 80% has been obtained with intermittent feeding while only 20% of indole was converted into L-tryptophan by conventional batch operation, The second method employed in this work was the use of cyclohexane-phosphate buffer organic two-phase system. In this system, indole was mainly partitioned into the organic-solvent phase and therefore substrate inhibition was expected to be reduced. L-Tryptophan production in organic two-phase system was, however, unexpectedly lower than that obtained in aqueous buffer solution. As a third method cyclodextrins have been added to the aqueous reaction mixture. It was found that the addition of $\beta$-cyclodextrin enhanced the tryptophan synthesis noticeably while $\alpha$-cycfodextrin showed little effect on tryptophan production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1724-1734
• /
• 2010

A phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides rhizosphere was identified as Rahnella sp. based on its phenotypic features and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The bacterial strain showed the growth characteristics of a cold-adapted psychrotroph, with the multiple plant growth-promoting traits of inorganic and organic phosphate solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase activity, ammonia generation, and siderophore production. The strain also produced indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-lactic acid, and indole-3-pyruvic acid in tryptophan-supplemented nutrient broth. Gluconic, citric and isocitric acids were the major organic acids detected during tricalcium phosphate solubilization. A rifampicin-resistant mutant of the strain exhibited high rhizosphere competence without disturbance to the resident microbial populations in pea rhizosphere. Seed bacterization with a charcoal-based inoculum significantly increased growth in barley, chickpea, pea, and maize under the controlled environment. Microplot testing of the inoculum at two different locations in pea also showed significant increase in growth and yield. The attributes of cold-tolerance, high rhizosphere competence, and broad-spectrum plant growth-promoting activity exhibited the potential of Rahnella sp. BIHB 783 for increasing agriculture productivity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.11
• /
• pp.3467-3470
• /
• 2010

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.907-909
• /
• 2004

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.784-795
• /
• 2018

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Pc3 was isolated from Antarctic seawater with antifungal activity. In order to investigate the metabolic regulation mechanism in the biosynthesis of lipopeptides in B. amyloliquefaciens Pc3, GC/MS-based metabolomics was used when exogenous indole was added. The intracellular metabolite profiles showed decreased asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, threonine, valine, isoleucine, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid in the indole-treated groups, which were involved in the biosynthesis of lipopeptides. B. amyloliquefaciens Pc3 exhibited a growth promotion, bacterial total protein increase, and lipopeptide biosynthesis inhibition upon the addition of indole. Besides this, real-time PCR analysis further revealed that the transcription of lipopeptide biosynthesis genes ituD, fenA, and srfA-A were downregulated by indole with 22.4-, 21.98-, and 26.0-fold, respectively. It therefore was speculated that as the metabolic flux of most of the amino acids and fatty acids were transferred to the synthesis of proteins and biomass, lipopeptide biosynthesis was weakened owing to the lack of precursor amino acids and fatty acids.