• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objective : This study was a covariance structural analysis to identify korean medicine health promotion behavior by the general characteristics of the subjects and build a predictive model and theoretical framework based on Pender's health promotion model(1996) and related literature reviews. Method : A hypothetical model was consisted of 8 theoretical variables and 27 measured variables. Related variables included Individual Characteristics and Experience, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect and Behavioral outcome. The data was collected from 802 middle and old-aged people living in Seoul and Gyeong gi province through structured questionnaires by face to face interviews between February and March, 2014. SAS ver. 9.1 and AMOS 18.0 programs were used for the data analysis. Results : Difference in the verification of Korean medicine health promotion behavior by the general characteristics, Older people who are male, with higher economic status, no chronic disease or with diabetes, no smoking, no drinking, with more exercise showed significantly higher scores, but education level has no difference. 15 paths were statistically significant among 16 paths on the direct effect, 6 paths were statistically significant among 9 paths on the indirect effect in the hypothetical model. The greatest impact variable on Korean medicine health promotion behavior was perceived self-esteem. Also, the findings showed that the higher perceived social support, perceived health status, previous Korean medicine health promotion behavior, community environment, perceived benefit and the lower perceived barrier had a significant effect on Korean medicine health promotion behavior. Conclusion : This research model has an empirical validity as the variables of this study verified their effects and significances. Therefore, the understanding of Korean medicine health promotion behavior can be increased and the utilization will be higher when seeking a comprehensive health promotion plan. Also, a strategy can be utilized the strategy for Korean medicine health promotion behavior.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.731-741
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• 2000

본 논문은 얼굴 인식 또는 표정 인식 분야에 있어서 중요한 특징인 얼굴과 얼굴의 주요소인 눈과 입, 눈썹의 영역 추출 및 그의 윤곽선 추출에 관한 방법을 제시한다. 얼굴요소의 영역 추출은 엣지정보와 이진화 영상을 병합하여 이용한 프로젝션 분석을 통하여, 얼굴 및 각 얼굴요소를 포함하는 최소포함사각형(MER: Minimum Enclosing Rectangle)을 추출한다. 윤곽선 추출은 얼굴요소 모양의 개인차가 반영되고 빠른 수렴을 할 수 있는 스네이크 모델을 정의하여 수행한다. 스네이크는 초기 윤곽선의 설정이 윤곽선 추출 결과에 큰 영향을 미치므로, 초기 윤곽선의 설정 과정이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 얼굴 및 각 얼굴요소를 포함하는 각각의 최소포함사각형(MER)을 추출하고, 추출된 MER 내에서 얼굴 및 각 얼굴요소의 일반적인 모양을 초기 윤곽선으로 설정하는 방법을 사용한다. 실험결과 눈, 입, 얼굴의 MER 추출은 성능이 모두 우수하고, 눈썹이 흐린 사람들의 경우에만 눈썹의 MER 추출 결과가 좋지 않았다. 추출된 MER을 기반으로 하여 스네이크 모델을 적용한 결과, 눈, 입, 눈썹, 얼굴의 다양한 모양을 반영한 윤곽선 추출 결과를 보였다. 특히 눈의 경우는 1차 유도 엣지 연산자에 의한 엣지와 2차 유도 연산자를 이용한 영점 교차점(Zero Crossing)과 병합한 에너지 함수를 설정하여 보다 더 나은 윤곽선 추출 결과를 얻었다. 얼굴의 윤곽선의 경우도 엣지값과 밝기값을 병합한 에너지 함수에 의해 비교적 정확한 결과를 얻을수 있었다.

• 인지과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2002

쾌-불쾌, 각성-수면의 2차원 감정상태 공간에서 임의의 좌표값을 지정하면 Parke와 Waters［1］의 근육 기반 얼굴모형에 근거하여 그것에 해당하는 표정을 자동 합성할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 얼굴 변형의 준거 설정을 위하여 정찬섭, 오경자, 이일병과 변혜란［2］의 표정 DB에 수록된 표정 자료 및 내적감정상태 모형을 사용하였다. DB 내 표정 자료들은 감정 모형에 근거하여 차원값 및 범주로 기술된 내적상태 정보를 포함하고 있었다. 내적상태 변화에 따른 표정의 변형 규칙을 찾기 위해 표집된 표정들에 대해 21개 얼굴 근육의 변화량을 측정하였다. 내적감정상태와 얼굴 근육들의 관계 구조를 파악하기 위해 수집된 자료들을 대상으로 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 얻어진 변형 규칙은 꽤-불쾌 및 각성-수면 차원값으로 주어지는 내적상태에 대한 자연스러운 표정을 합성해내었다. 이같은 결과는 방대한 양의 자료 및 개별 근육의 변화를 포착하는 회귀분석으로부터 도출된 규칙이 얼굴표정을 합성하는데 유용하고 강력한 도구가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권2B호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2011

현대 사회에서 인간관계는 사회생활은 물론 개인의 성공여부를 판단하는 중요한 요소로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 이러한 시대적 변화에 대응하기 위해 상대방의 성격을 미리 예측하고 적절한 관계를 유지하기 위해 다양한 방법들이 이용되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 면접 시스템 적용을 위해 20대 남성의 얼굴 영상에서 인중, 입 및 귀의 형태를 추출하여 5대 성격 유형별 특정과의 상관성 분석 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 이를 위해 안면 및 측면 영상을 수집하여 Visual C++을 통해 인중, 입, 귀의 영역을 추출하고 인중 비율, 입의 크기 및 귀의 형태에 따른 결과값을 도출하여 5대 성격 유형별 집단과의 비교, 분석을 수행하였다. 결과적으로 5대 성격 유형에 따라 인중 비율, 입의 크기 및 귀의 형태적 결과값을 통해 유의성을 도출하였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2020

The goal of the study is to understand the role of social norm in purchase decisions where demand is revealed in the form of multiple-discreteness. Consumers are socially engaged in various activities through the expectation from others in their community. Actions or decisions are likely to reflect this influence. This implicit or explicit social norm is revealed as the rules, regulations, and standards that are understood, shared, endorsed, and expected by group members. When consumers' decisions are in distance from the norm, they come to face discomfort such as shame, guilt, embarrassment, and anxiety. These pressure act as a constraint as opposed to utility in their decision making. In this study, the effect of social norms on consumer demand is captured via multiple constraint model where constraints are not only from budget equation but also from psychological burden induced by the deviation from the norm. The posterior distributions of model parameters were estimated via conjoint study allowing for heterogeneity via hierarchical Bayesian framework. Individual characteristics such as age, gender and work experience are also used as covariates for capturing the observed heterogeneity. The empirical results show the role of social norm as constraint in consumers' utility maximization. The proposed model accounting for social constraint outperforms the standard budget constraint-only model in terms of model fit. It is found that people with longer job experience tend to be more robust and resistant to the deviation from the norm. Incorporating social norm into the utility model allows for another means to disentangle the reason for no-purchase as 'not preferred' and 'not able to buy'.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2609-2626
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• 2023

The hotel industry is an example of experiential services. As consumers cannot fully evaluate the online review content and quality of their services before booking, they must rely on several online reviews to reduce their perceived risks. However, individuals face information overload owing to the explosion of online reviews. Therefore, consumer cognitive fluency is an individual's subjective experience of the difficulty in processing information. Information complexity influences the receiver's attitude, behavior, and purchase decisions. Individuals who cannot process complex information rely on the peripheral route, whereas those who can process more information prefer the central route. This study further discusses the influence of the complexity of review information on hotel ratings using online attraction review data retrieved from TripAdvisor.com. This study conducts a two-level empirical analysis to explore the factors that affect review value. First, in the Peripheral Route model, we introduce a negative binomial regression model to examine the impact of intuitive and straightforward information on hotel ratings. In the Central Route model, we use a Tobit regression model with expert reviews as moderator variables to analyze the impact of complex information on hotel ratings. According to the analysis, five-star and budget hotels have different effects on hotel ratings. These findings have immediate implications for hotel managers in terms of better identifying potentially valuable reviews.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to assess the whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure among large blast hole drill machine operators with regard to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommended threshold values and its association with machine- and rock-related factors and workers' individual characteristics. Methods: The study population included 28 drill machine operators who had worked in four opencast iron ore mines in eastern India. The study protocol comprised the following: measurements of WBV exposure [frequency weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration ($m/s^2$)], machine-related data (manufacturer of machine, age of machine, seat height, thickness, and rest height) collected from mine management offices, measurements of rock hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and density, and workers' characteristics via face-to-face interviews. Results: More than 90% of the operators were exposed to a higher level WBV than the ISO upper limit and only 3.6% between the lower and upper limits, mainly in the vertical axis. Bivariate correlations revealed that potential predictors of total WBV exposure were: machine manufacturer (r = 0.453, p = 0.015), age of drill (r = 0.533, p = 0.003), and hardness of rock (r = 0.561, p = 0.002). The stepwise multiple regression model revealed that the potential predictors are age of operator (regression coefficient ${\beta}=-0.052$, standard error SE = 0.023), manufacturer (${\beta}=1.093$, SE = 0.227), rock hardness (${\beta}=0.045$, SE = 0.018), uniaxial compressive strength (${\beta}=0.027$, SE = 0.009), and density (${\beta}=-1.135$, SE = 0.235). Conclusion: Prevention should include using appropriate machines to handle rock hardness, rock uniaxial compressive strength and density, and seat improvement using ergonomic approaches such as including a suspension system.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the diffusion period and productivity of smartwork in an organization. Firms are increasingly interested in smartwork for non contact work and working from home because of the corona 19. The smartwork is a new technology that changes face-to-face work in an organization. It helps the work of individuals and organizations regardless of time and place. The theoretical background describes the complexity, system thinking, diffusion theory, smart work, organizational resistance, and productivity. This study analyzes the diffusion period and productivity of smart work through business simulation techniques. A simulation study progresses four stages. There are problem definition, hypothesis establishment and causal loop diagram, model construction and verification, and policy evaluation. The simulation models contain an individual's resistance variables organizational investment and leadership variables related to the operation of smartwork. The organizational investment variables include organizational culture, legal system, implement systems and technology investment. The individual resistance variables include cognitive, attitude, structure and technological resistance. The leadership includes leadership interest variables and performance linkage variables. The simulation executed the changes of a people number adopting smart work and the organizational productivity monthly. As a result of the simulation, many organization members have accepted the smart work innovation after 20 months. The organizational productivity through smart work showed very high value after 16 months. In scenario analysis, the individuals' awareness and attitude resistance showed very important variables to productivity and a personal change of smart work adoption. Meanwhile, The organizational investment showed that the high driving-force increased not productivity and the low driving-force showed decreased low productivity. Also, leadership variables showed a powerful driver for changing smart work productivity. The implication of the study has suggested extending complexity, diffusion theory and organization resistance theory based on simulation methods.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.488-502
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the neighborhood environmental factors associated with physical activity among adults living in rural communities. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 201 adults living in three Ri in Y-city, Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected from face-to-face interview by trained interviewers and were analyzed using a zero-inflated negative binominal regression model. Results: Participants reported engaged in moderate or vigorous physical activity was 76.1%; 10.5% of participants reported that they met moderate physical activity recommendations and 14.5% of participants reported that they met vigorous physical activity recommendations. Zero-inflated negative binominal regression analysis showed association of increasing days of physical activity with social cohesion (${\beta}=.130$, p=.005), social network (${\beta}=-.096$, p=.003), and safety for crime (${\beta}=-.151$, p=.036), and no days of physical activity was associated with no attainment of education and marginally associated with increasing BMI. Conclusion: Neighborhood environmental factors including social cohesion, social network, and crime for safety were significantly associated with physical activity of rural adults. Community health nurses should expand an approach for individual behavior change to incorporate rural adults' specific neighborhood environmental factors into physical activity interventions.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2022

코로나19로 무인·비대면 중심의 디지털 대전환이 가속화되고 있다. 디지털 문명처럼 디지털 시대로 변해가지만, 디지털을 사용하지 못하는 사람에게는 일상 속 불편이 디지털 문맹 수준으로 하락하고 있다. 디지털 사용자와 비사용자 간의 사회적 격차가 생기고 디지털 비사용자는 사회에서 분리되는 상황이 발생하고 있다. 디지털 소외계층의 디지털 사회화를 위해 디지털 세계로의 전환이 가속화되고 일상생활에서 디지털 사용능력이 중요시되고 있다. 디지털 세계로의 전환이 가속화될수록 개인의 사회적·경제적 차이가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제로 인해 사회의 지속 가능 성장을 저해하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 교육을 누구나 편리하게 받기 위해서 국민 누구나 받을 수 있는 교육으로 접근성이 뛰어난 교육 모델을 설계하고자 한다. 일생 생활에 필요한 디지털 기본역량을 단계적으로 제안하고 편하게 받을 수 있는 디지털 종합 역량교육을 통하여 생활의 불편함을 해소하고 보편적으로 사용할 수 있는 디지털 교육 모델을 제안하고자 한다.