• 제목/요약/키워드: individual elements

검색결과 847건 처리시간 0.03초

Micro-PIXE as a Technique for Multi-elemental Detection and Localization in Various Atmospheric Environmental Samples

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Choi, Sung-Boo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제24권E1호
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    • pp.54-62
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    • 2008
  • Microbeam PIXE, often called micro-PIXE, is one of powerful tools for analyzing a wide range of elements for various samples. Moreover, it has important applications of interest to the atmospheric science. In the present study, a qualitative elemental imagination for various atmospheric environmental species was attempted using micro-PIXE. Especially, in combination with a novel individual droplet collection method and the micro-PIXE analytical technique, the chemical specification of various individual atmospheric samples could be carried out. Here, we briefly introduce the results of an application of micro-PIXE to the study of atmospheric environment. The detailed spatial resolution of multiple elements for various samples like individual ambient particles, individual raindrops, individual fog droplets, and individual snow crystals could be successfully achieved by scanning 2.6 MeV $H^+$ micro beam ($1{\sim}2{\mu}m$) accelerated by 3 MeV single-end accelerator.

Application of Microbeam Technique to Atmospheric Science

  • Ma Chang-Jin
    • 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국대기환경학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2005
  • Microbeam PIXE, often called micro-PIXE, is a powerful tool tot analyzing a wide range of elements for various samples, as well as, it has important applications of interest to the atmospheric science. In this study, qualitative elemental imagination for various atmospheric environmental species was attempted using micro-PIXE. Here, we present the results of an application of micro-PIXE to the study of atmospheric environment. The detailed spatial resolution of multiple elements lot various samples like individual ambient particles, individual raindrops, individual fog droplets, and individual snow crystals could be successfully achieved by scanning 2.6 MeV H+ micro beam (1-2 ${\mu}m$) accelerated by 3 MV single-end accelerator.

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Chemical Properties of Indoor Individual Particles Collected at the Daily Behavior Spaces of a Factory Worker

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Kang, Gong-Unn;Sakai, Takuro
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.122-130
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    • 2017
  • The main purpose of the study was to clarify the properties of individual particles collected at each behavior space of a factory worker. The samplings of size-segregated ($PM_{2.1-1.1}$ and $PM_{4.7-3.3}$) indoor particles were conducted at three different behavior spaces of a factory worker who is engaged in an auto parts manufacturing plant (i.e., his home, his work place in factory, and his favorite restaurant). Elemental specification (i.e., relative elemental content and distribution in and/or on individual particles) was performed by a micro-PIXE system. Every element detected from the coarse particulate matters of home was classified into three groups, i.e., a group of high net-counts (Na, Al, and Si), a group of intermediate net-counts (Mg, S, Cl, K, and Ca), and a group of minor trace elements (P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The results of EF for $PM_{4.7-3.3}$ in home indicated that several heavy metals were generated from the sources within the house itself. An exceptional feature shown in the individual particles in workplace is that Cr, Mn, and Co were clearly detected in both fine and coarse particles. Cluster analysis suggested that the individual coarse particles ($PM_{4.7-3.3}$) collected at the indoor of factory were chemically heterogeneous and they modified with sea-salt, mineral, and artificially derived elements. The principal components in individual coarse particles collected at restaurant were sea-salt and mineral without mixing with harmful trace elements like chromium and manganese. Compared to the indoor fine particles of home and restaurant, many elements, especially, Cl, Na, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn showed overwhelmingly high net-counts in those of factory.

Chemical Transformation of Individual Asian Dust Particles Estimated by the Novel Double Detector System of Micro-PIXE

  • Ma, Chang-Jin
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.106-114
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    • 2010
  • By the application of novel double detector system of micro-PIXE that can detect light elements (Z<14), we made an attempt to provide a thorough discussion on the aging processes of Asian dust (hereafter called "AD") particle by reaction with sea-slat. The elemental spectra and maps obtained from the microbeam radiation of micro-PIXE to individual AD particles were useful for fractionating AD particles into both internally and externally mixed particles. A spatial distribution of elements in a minute domain of single particle obtained by scanning the microbeam irradiation enabled us not only to estimate the chemical mixing state of individual AD particles but also to presume their aging processes in both ambient air and cloud. By calculating the normalized micro-PIXE net count of elements, it was possible to classify individual AD particles into three distinct groups (i.e., (1) Aging type 1: AD particle coated by the gaseous Cl evaporated by the reaction between artificial acids and sea salt; (2) Aging type 2: AD particle mixed with sea salt but no additional reaction with artificial acids; and (3) Non-aged type) A relatively high transformation rate (63.3-75.9%) was shown in large particles (greater than $5.1\;{\mu}m$ in diameter).

중학교 남녀학생의 시력변화에 대한 조사 연구 - 중학교 1.2.3 학년 중심 - (Study On the Visual Change of Boy and Girl Middle School Students -with first, second and third year students in middle school-)

  • 유재복
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.159-175
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    • 1991
  • This study was carried out with 2,195 boy and girl middle school students in Inchon to examine environmental elements which may change vision and cause shortsightedness, and also to find out common knowledge of eye health. Its results are as follows. 1) As school year goes up, the normal eye sighted diminish but the visually handicapped regardless of left and right eyes increase. 2) Among weak sighted students below 0.9, boys are 42.2% and girls are 55.3%, the latter are larger by 13.1 %. Vision weakens rapidly especially for third year girl students. 3) Environmental, individual, everyday life elements which cause shortsightedness are studied, (1) environmental elements; illumination in watching TV and studying (2) individual elements; distance from TV and books, posture in studying (3) everyday life elements; hour of watching TV, hour of using game tools average, hour of studying 4) Knowledge of eye health is generally poor without regard to sex and wearing glasses. So adolescent students are in advance educated proper eye care to prevent shortsighted elements.

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회주철 용탕 중 1.0 wt%Ba-Fe-Si 접종제의 성능에 미치는 S, Ce 및 Bi의 영향 (Effect of S, Ce and Bi on the Performance of 1.0 wt%Ba-Fe-Si Inoculant in Gray Cast Iron Melts)

  • 권해욱;남원식
    • 한국주조공학회지
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2004
  • The effects of three minor elements, S, Ce and Bi, on the inoculation ability and fading behavior of 1.0 wt%Ba-Fe-Si were investigated through thermal analysis. The performance of 1.0 wt%Ba-Fe-Si inoculant was better and more consistant at the high temperature range of $1,450{\sim}1,500^{\circ}C$ than that of low one of $1,300{\sim}1,400^{\circ}C$. That was improved with individual addition of three minor elements. The optimum amount of addition was 1.0% of the weight of inoculant added, respectively. That was improved also by the simultaneous addition of two or three kinds of minor elements. Even though worse with the addition of two kinds of them simultaneously than with individual addition, that was improved with the simultaneous addition of all three kinds over that with the individual one.

기업윤리의 윤리적 의사결정에 관한 연구 (A Study of the Ethical Decision-making of the Business Ethics)

  • 장익선
    • 경영과정보연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.365-379
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    • 2001
  • The contents of summarizing this study are as follows. 1. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the individual characteristics. 2. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the two aspects of the individual characteristics. 3. The ethical decision making processes of business managements consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, fair distributions. 4. The ethical decision making processes of multinational corporations consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, and fair distributions. The utilization methods of this study are as follows. 1. They can be reflected in the formulations of business ethics codes. 2. They can be utilized in the executions of business ethics educations. 3. They can be utilized as means to heighten the ethics standards of business interests groups.

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Visual identity에 있어서 기본요소 디자인 개발에 관한 연구 (The Development of Basic Elements for Visual Identity)

  • 김진용
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제14권
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    • pp.63-74
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 Visual Identity에 있어서의 디자인 기본요소에 대하여 고찰하고 그의 개발과정을 정립 하므로써, 국내의 디자인 연구팀에게 보다 효율성이 높은 VI 디자인 시스템을 개발할 수 있도록 하는 Basic Element 들의 개별적 기능과 특성을 고찰하고, 이들 상호간의 유기적인 관계에 대하여 연구함으로써, 각 기본요소들이 차지하는 시각적 전달과정에서의 전략적 위치를 분명히 하고자 하였다. 또한 디자인 개발과정에 대하여 체계적이고 합리적인 접근 방법을 제시함으로써 효율성이 높은 디자인을 개발할 수 있도록 하였다.

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Skeletal Development - Wnts Are in Control

  • Hartmann, Christine
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.177-184
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    • 2007
  • Approximately 200 individual skeletal elements, which differ in shape and size, are the building blocks of the vertebrate skeleton. Various features of the individual skeletal elements, such as their location, shape, growth and differentiation rate, are being determined during embryonic development. A few skeletal elements, such as the lateral halves of the clavicle and parts of the skull are formed by a process called intramembranous ossification, whereby mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts, while the majority of skeletal elements are formed via endochondral ossification. The latter process starts with the formation of a cartilaginous template, which eventually is being replaced by bone. This requires co-regulation of differentiation of the cell-types specific for cartilage and bone, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, respectively. In recent years it has been demonstrated that Wnt family members and their respective intracellular pathways, such as non-canonical and the canonical $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin pathway, play important and diverse roles during different steps of vertebrate skeletal development. Based on the recent discoveries modulation of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway could be an interesting approach to direct stem cells into certain skeletal lineages.

뉴 시니어 세대의 지향 가치관과 지향 패션이미지 연구 (A Study on Values Orientation and Fashion Image in the New Senior Generation)

  • 박진영;이은숙
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.145-157
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    • 2017
  • This study aimed to investigate the relationship between values orientation and fashion image orientation with a focus on the new senior generation. The study conducted data analysis by using the SPSS 17.0 program for the final 397 copies excluding incomplete questionnaires. The results of this study are as follows. First, values orientation was drawn as the four factors of social orientation, dependent orientation, family-like orientation, and individual orientation. The fashion image orientation was compartmentalized as three factors: urban image, individual image, and feminine image. Second, social orientation had a significant effect on feminine image as shown in Photo 1, while only individual orientation exerted a significant influence on individual image (Photo 2). Social orientation and family-like orientation respectively exercised a significant influence on individual image and feminine image, and feminine image (Photo 3). Third, the four groups did not show a significant difference in the relationship with the sub-elements of fashion image orientation. It appeared that all four groups were felt as a complex image in which modern, feminine, and individual images were mixed. Fourth, the four groups showed a significant difference in the unusual, elegant, refined, youthful, feminine, and modern images among the factors of fashion image orientation.

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