• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

This paper introduces emergy(spelled with "m") that is a new environmental indicator in architecture, aiming to clarify conflicting claims of building design components in the process of energy-retrofit. Much of design practitioners' attention on low energy use in operational phases, may simply shift the lowered environmental impact within the building boundary to large consumption of energy in another area. Specifically, building energy reduction strategies without a holistic view starting from natural formation, may lead to the depletion of non-renewable geobiological sources (e.g. minerals, fossil fuels, etc.), which leaves a building with an isolated energy-efficient object. Therefore, to overcome the narrow outlook, this research discusses the total ecological impact of a building which embraces all process energy as well as environmental cost represented by emergy. A case study has been conducted to explore emergy-driven design work. In comparison with operational energy-driven scenarios, the results elucidate how energy and emergy-oriented decision-making bring about different design results, and quantify building components' emergy contribution in the end. An average-size ($101.9m^2$) single family house located in South Korea was sampled as a benchmark case, and the analysis of energy and material use was conducted for establishment of the baseline. Adoption of the small building is effective for the goal of study since this research intends to measure environmental impact according to variation of passive design elements (windows size, building orientation, wall materials) with new metric (emergy) regardless of mechanical systems. Performance simulations of operational energy were developed and analyzed separately from the calculation of emergy magnitudes in building construction, and then the total emergy demand of each proposed design was evaluated. Emergy synthesis results verify that the least operational energy scenario requires greater investment in indirect energy in construction, which clearly reveals that efficiency gains are likely to be overwhelmed by increment of material flows. This result places importance on consideration of indirect energy use underscoring necessity of emergy evaluation towards the environment-friendly building in broader sense.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.874-885
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• 2011

In this study, the urban $CO_2$ emission based on energy consumption (Coal, Petroleum, Electricity, and City Gas) in 16 provincial and metropolitan city governments in South Korea was evaluated. For calculation of the urban $CO_2$ emission, direct and indirect emissions were considered. Direct emissions refer to generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) on-site from the energy consumption. Indirect emissions refer to the use of resources or goods that discharge GHG emissions during energy production. The total GHG emission was 497,083 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ in 2007. In the indirect GHG emission, about 240,388 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ was occurred, as 48% of total GHG emission. About 256,694 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ (52% of total GHG emissions) was produced in the direct GHG emission. This amount shows 13% difference with 439,698 thousand ton $CO_2eq.$ which is total national GHG emission data using current calculation method. Local metropolitan governments have to try to get accuracy and reliability for quantifying their GHG emission. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use Korean emission factors than using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) emission factors. The method considering indirect and direct GHG emission, which is suggested in this study, should be considered and compared with previous studies.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.45-70
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• 2002

This paper examines the role of distance learning self-efficacy, belief in one's capabilities of using a system in the accomplishment of web-based distance learning, in predicting user intention to use and performance of distance learning system. It used self-efficacy theory and technology acceptance model(TAM) to build a model that predicts relationships between antecedents to students' distance learning self-efficacy assessments and their behavioral and attitudinal consequences. The model was tested using LISREL analysis on the sample of 250 students who have worked with the Distance Learning System. The results indicated partial support for the conceptual model. In accordance with TAM, perceived usefulness had strong direct effects on intention to use and performance, while perceived ease of use had both direct and indirect effects on intention to use, but not performance. Distance learning self-efficacy had only direct effect on perceived ease of use to use. Computer experience was found to have a strong positive effect on distance learning self-efficacy, and computer anxiety had a negative effect on distance learning self-efficacy. Implications of these findings are discussed for researchers and practitioners.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1011-1027
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that lead to continuous use intention of SNS marketing. The research model was designed to investigate the SNS factors that affect use intention based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) suggested by Davis (1986). The survey focused on age twenties to thirties male and female who had experience in receiving fashion brands message through Facebook. 329 questionnaires were used to analyze the results of study, and SPSS 12.0 was used to conduct factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are as follows. First, interaction/playfulness, information, reliability, and convenience of access were extracted as the characteristics of fashion brands SNS marketing. Second, all SNS factors had significant relation on perceived usefulness. But only interaction/playfulness and convenience of access showed significant relation on perceived ease of use. Third, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use affected continuous use intention. Forth, continuous use intention had significant relation on brand attitude and showed direct and indirect significant relation to purchase intention.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

Recently, e-business has very much attention in the management fields because it is expected to fundamentally change the way many business compete. Business that don't understand the changes and that can't change their operating model in time will be at a disadvantage. Information technology infrastructure and its management are key components of e-business The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of information technology infrastructure and its management to the type of information systems used and the use of e-business. A total of 56 Korean firms responded to the survey instrument. There was indirect effect to the use of e-business from the information technology structure via communication capacity and direct effect from management type. The study also found that firms with less centralized forms of information technology were more frequent users of e-business, Firms that have more freedom in information technology decision making tended to be users of the new technology and take advantage opportunities that exits on the information technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.299-304
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• 2003

This paper proposes an algorithm to estimate the screw torque from parameters of induction motor and current of DC motor without strain gage and torque cell. The parameters of friction torque search for damping ratio and electromotive force constant use the motor torque and angula speed signals be generated in the induction motor, make use of oscilloscope and stroboscope for precise measured of experimental data, measured physical parameters through experimental. In addition the screw torque estimated use of measured current signals from induction moor. The results, theory and simulation recognized well coincidence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2000

This study examined the impact of physically punished experiences in childhood on parents' use of corporal punishment with their own children. The sample of parents who had been exposed to family violence in childhood was obtained from 4th and 5th grade elementary school children. The sample consisted of 420 parents of which 292 were suitable for this study. Physically punished experiences or parents in childhood influenced aggression, and aggression had an impact on the corporal punishment of children i.e. physically punished experiences and coping strategy did not have a direct impact on the corporal punishment of children but had an indirect effect through aggression. Mothers whose parenting attitude was high in the shame were low in use of corporal punishment while mothers high in use of corporal punishment were low in shame.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.159-173
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• 2004

Instant Messenger is a communication tool which allows instant real-time connection between parties through Internet Compared to the most popular Internet communication tool. email. the messenger allows people to check network presence of other parties and to connect in real time among multiple parties. Mostly due to the convenience it provides. use of instant messengers has increased tremendously not only for personal purpose but also for business purpose. However. firms are agonizing about the real impact of instant messenger usage among employees. whether the impact is positive or negative in terms of the productivity, Applying the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and technology acceptance model (TAM). this study sets UP perceived ease of use. perceived usefulness and cultural orientation of individuals as antecedents of adoption and use of the messenger application, Also. the impacts of messenger usage are measured as task productivity and intimacy among colleagues. This study presents several findings about the instant messenger, First. perceived ease of use. and usefulness play important roles in raising the adoption level of instant messenger. Also. culture propensity also maintains strong influence towards the actual usage of the messenger. Among cultural variables. innovativeness, supportiveness and outcome orientation reveal strong positive impacts on adoption and use of the messenger. On the dependent side. use of instant messenger seems to have a strong direct impact on task productivity as well as indirect impact through intimacy. Implications are discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

Purpose: There has been a growing focus on E-wallet adoption especially in emerging markets as it offers a convenient method for users to conduct cashless transactions. This study examines antecedents influencing the decision of Generation Z to adopt E-wallet. It looks into the effect of determining factors including compatibility, perceived convenience, perceived trust, perceived reputation, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and social influence on users' intention to use. The moderator role of social influence is also under examination. Research design, data and methodology: The quantitative method has been adopted to collect data from 170 Generation Z users. SmartPLS 3.0 was applied to examine the constructed hypotheses. Results: The results indicate an indirect effect between Compatibility, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Trust and Social Influence toward intention to adopt Electronic wallet, or both of those factors are mediated by Perceived Convenience, Perceived Usefulness, and Reputation. Moreover, research finding highlights the role of Perceived Usefulness as Generation Z's intention determinant to use E-Wallet. Conclusions: This study is substantial as it selected the promising customer segment - Generation Z to examine the factors influencing their decision to adopt Electronic wallet. Marketers can navigate which dimensions should be included in marketing campaigns to encourage Generation Z's adoption.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

While earlier research reports focused on Internet addiction among adolescents, this research examines the direct/indirect impact of socio-psychological variables like stress level, self-consciousness (self-esteem, self-control, and self-efficacy), and Internet use control on Internet addiction among adults. The fact that 62.4% of survey respondents were diagnosed as Internet addicts demonstrates that this concern about Internet addiction among adults is valid. This research, first, shows the direct impact of socio-psychological variables on Internet addiction. Low self-esteem, low self-control, high self-efficacy, high levels of stress, and high Internet-use control lead to a severe level of Internet addiction. Second, self-consciousness variables mediate the impact of stress on the addiction, but the mediating role is not so significant as the direct impact. Internet-use control plays as a partial moderator between self-esteem, self-control and addiction. Internet-use control is a useful measure for Internet addition at work. In addition, businesses may take personality, as well as environmental conditions, and organizational management process into account to minimize the impact of the addiction.