• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.550-555
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• 2001

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogenic peptide with a molecular mass of 7 kDa. It is produced mainly in the liver and has important functions in the regulation of development and somatic growth. Moreover, Serum IGF-I concentration is regulated by the quantity and the nutritional quality of dietary protein. To determine the IGF-I level in Korean rockfish, Sabastes schlegeli, were fed four experiment diets that contained different protein quantities, namely $30\%,\;40\%,\;50\%\;and\;60\%$ for 70 days. Weight gain of the fish increased depending dietary protein quantity, Also, IGF-I concentrations increased according to dietary protein quantity, Feeding experiments were conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein sources on the serum IGF-I level in Korean rockfish, Fish meal (CO), soybean meal (SM), corn-gluten meal (CGM), meat meal (MM) and feather meal (FM) were used as variable protein sources of the formulated diet. IGF-I concentrations of the CO and MM groups ($277.7\pm23.2,\;291.5\pm41.2\;ng/mL$) were higher than those of the CGM and FM groups ($208.9\pm21.3,\;217.2\pm38.2\;ng/mL$). And IGFBP-3 levels by western blot analysis increased in good protein diets such as in the CO and MM groups. In conclusion, IGF-I may be a sensitive indicator the protein metabolism in fish as well as mammalian.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.12-19
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• 2020

The clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor network is comprised of sensor nodes and cluster heads, which are hierarchically organized for different objectives. In the network, we should especially take care of managing node resources to enhance network performance based on memory and battery capacity constraints. For instances, if some interesting events occur frequently in the vicinity of particular sensor nodes, those nodes might receive massive amounts of data. Data congestion can happen due to a memory bottleneck or link disconnection at cluster heads because the remaining memory space is filled with those data. In this paper, we utilize drones as mobile sinks to resolve data congestion and model the network, sensor nodes, and cluster heads. We also design a cost function and a congestion indicator to calculate the degree of congestion. Then we propose a data congestion map index and a data congestion mapping scheme to deploy drones at optimal points. Using control variable, we explore the relationship between the degree of congestion and the number of drones to be deployed, as well as the number of drones that must be below a certain degree of congestion and within communication range. Furthermore, we show that our algorithm outperforms previous work by a minimum of 20% in terms of memory overflow.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

Many studies on port tariff have been done over twenty years using publicly assessed data on tariff. Public data for tariff rates do not reflect, however, the port tariff in a real market, since the cargo handling charge, which is the important fraction of port tariff, is confidentially decided by the negotiations between a shipping company and a container terminal operator. In this paper, we collected the real price data of the port tariff on the world major sixteen container ports from a global shipping company and transformed it into the tariff per TEU(US$/TEU). The comparative analysis of port tariff was performed using the port tariff per TEU, and a panel regression analysis was done to identify the relations between the port tariff and demand variables: throughput, GDP and trade amount.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

Infection control is now recognized as an important quality indicator in dental health service setting. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Dental Hygienist's Infection Control Practice Scale for quality management of dental health service in Korea. The data of 254 dental hygienists was subjected to exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 16.0 and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 16.0. The total items of preliminary scale were 21 items and 5 subscale. Principal component analysis was completed with Varimax rotation. The results show a change in factor structure from 5 factor solution to 4 factor solution. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four subscales(Immunization and periodic tests, Clinical procedure, Handwashing, Personal protection) which have a total of 12 items. After the item deleted because factor loading was low, measured model was tested. The results of the measurement model indicated fit indices: $x^2$= 79.593(df = 38, 0 = 0.000), RMR = 0.045, GFI = 0.940, CFI = 0.904, AGFI = 0.896, NFI = 0.837, TLI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.67. The squared correlation between four constructs were less than the average variance extracted(AVE) of four constructs. Multiple regression analysis was completed. Dependent variable was the perceived infection control practice by dental hygienist. Independent variables were four summated subscales(R = 0.552, $R^2$= 0.304, Adjusted $R^2$= 0.431, F = 25.813, p = 0.000). Unstandardized coefficients of three independent variables were statistically significant.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2005

Background : Primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin in never-been-treated tuberculosis patients, and this malady is caused by the transmission of a resistant strain from one patient, who is infected with a resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, to another patient. The prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be a good indicator of the performance of tuberculosis control programs in recent years. We conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods : From January 1, 2001 to, June 30, 2003, by conducting prospective laboratory-based surveillance, we identified 29 hospitalized patients with P-MDRTB and these patients constituted a case group in this study. The controls were represented by all the patients with culture-confirmed drug susceptible tuberculosis who were admitted to National Masan Hospital during the same study period. The odds ratios for the patients with primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as compared with those of the patients with drug susceptible tuberculosis, were calculated for each categorical variable with 95% confidence intervals. Results : Multivariate logistic regression showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.86) was independently associated with having primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion : This study has shown that diabetes mellitus might be one of the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1507-1516
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• 2002

Meat and bone meal is a valuable protein and mineral source in diets of production animals and contributes to the protein, energy and mineral component of diets. The aim of the present study was to more accurately characterise the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meals produced in New Zealand and evaluate routine in vitro assays used in practise to measure meat and bone meal quality. A total of 94 commercial meat and bone meals from 25 New Zealand rendering plants over a two and a half year period were analysed for proximates, gross energy, gross amino acid content (incl. hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and lanthionine), apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, pepsin nitrogen digestibility, protein solubility and bone content. The mean crude protein content of the 94 meat and bone meal samples was 56.8% with a range of >35% units and a coefficient of variation of 9.8%. The mean crude fat and ash content were 10.0 and 28.4% respectively. These latter components showed a large range (16 and 43%, respectively) with coefficients of variation above 22%. Amino acid digestibility between samples was highly variable with lysine and sulphur amino acids digestibility ranging between 45.8-89.0 and 38.2-85.5%, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients are presented between crude protein content and individual gross amino acids, crude protein content and individual digestible amino acid content, and pepsin N digestibility and individual digestible amino acid content. There was a significant relationship between the digestible amino acid nitrogen content and the crude protein content while pepsin nitrogen digestibility was not correlated to ileal amino acid nitrogen digestibility (r=-0.06). Meat meals with a high protein content had relatively low hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine levels something that was attributed to the levels of collagen from bone. The data indicated that lanthionine (formed upon heat treatment of cysteine with a hydroprotein) is not a good indicator of the heat treatment employed to meat and bone meals. Step-wise multiple regression equations to predict the apparent digestible content of amino acids from rapid in vitro assays are presented. The most selected variables included ash and crude fat content. In general the equations derived for the essential amino acids had a higher degrees of fit (R2) compared to the non-essential amino acids. The R2 for the essential amino acids ranged from 0.43 for histidine and 0.68 for leucine. These equations provide a means of more rapidly estimating the apparent ileal digestible amino acid content (protein quality) of meat and bone meal using standard analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-161
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• 2011

Focusing upon the post-adoption stage of IS, this study reasoned that IS users' personality is one of major influencing factors of continuous IS usage intention and empirically examined how the degree of continuous IS usage intention is variable according to the IS users' personality types classified based on MBTI(Myers Briggs Type Indicator). In order to validate the research model and hypotheses, this study made a field survey of 330 IS users and statistically analysed response data. The results of empirical analyses showed that the intent of continuous IS usage was affected by self-efficacy of IS; and self-efficacy by self-leadership of IS; and self-leadership by IS user' personality type and expectation confirmation. That is, it was found that IS users' personality type and three intervening variables(expectation confirmation, self-leadership and self-efficacy) were significant predictors of the intent of continuous IS usage. This study is thought to be contributive to providing the theoretical basis of finding IS success factors in the post-adoption stage and the practical guideline for effective personnel management relevant to IS implementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and amino acid (AA) digestibility of sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and to use this data to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs. Ten SFSM were collected from five provinces in China. Twelve barrows ($38.8{\pm}4.6kg$), fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into two $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs. Each of six experimental periods comprised a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The ten test diets contained 50% SFSM as the sole source of AA. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. There was considerable variation (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM in chemical composition (dry matter [DM]). The concentration of CP and ether extract (EE) ranged from 29.33% to 39.09% and 0.88% to 11.33%, respectively. Crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre ranged from 21.46% to 36.42%, 38.15% to 55.40%, and 24.59% to 37.34%, respectively. There was variation among the ten SFSM in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) for lysine and threonine, which ranged from 63.16 to 79.21 and 55.19% to 72.04% for AID and 67.03% to 82.07% and 61.97% to 77.01% for SID, respectively. The variation in CP and methionine ranged from 60.13% to 74.72% and 74.79% to 88.60% for AID and 66.70% to 79.31% and 77.16% to 90.27% for SID, respectively. Methionine was a good indicator to predict AA digestibility. These results indicate that conventional chemical composition of SFSM was variable (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM (DM). The results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of SFSM in growing pigs.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2015

Purpose: We analyse characteristics of optical shop customer's segmented market by using clustering analysis, and we expect it would be a useful indicator of marketing strategy for optical shops. Methods: Survey was conducted from March 10 to March 31, 2015. The survey asked customers who have visited optical shops in Seoul and Northern Gyeonggi-do regions, and analyzed by utilizing SPSS v.10.0 statistical package program. The analysing methods are frequency analysis, factor analysis about variable of values, clustering analysis for market segmentation, and crosstabs. Results: The market is segmented based on values. In the process of establishing marketing strategy, it is useful to establish strategy by classifying customers into 3 types of cluster; "middle level value oriented cluster", "high level value oriented cluster", "high level value oriented and non-religious cluster". In marketing strategy of progressive lenses, it turned out that the most important strategy is to target self-employed person in "middle level value oriented cluster". Conclusions: As a result of market segmentation by using clustering analysis, it was classified into 3 types of cluster, and we found that most important customer for progressive lenses is self-employed person in "middle level value oriented cluster" who is more than 41 years old.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 2016

Yeongjong-do is seventh largest island in the west coast of Korea which is 4.8 km away in the direction of south-west from Incheon. The mudflat area around the Yeongjong-do has variable dimension according to tide level. In addition, Yeongjong-do is important area with high environmental value as wintering sites for migratory birds. The mudflat of Yeongjong-do is also meaningful region because it is used as place of education and tourist attraction. But, there are increasing concerns about preservation of mudflat area caused by artificial development such as land reclamation project and Incheon airport construction. In this paper, mudflat area was detected using Landsat 7 ETM+ images that United States Geological Survey (USGS) is providing the data in 16 days period. The false color composite was made from band 7, 5, and 3 that could dividing boundary between water and land for the purpose of appearance of boundary line in mudflat region. This area was calculated using results of classification based on false color composite images and was digitized through repetitive algorithm during research of period. Therefore, the change of northeastern area in Yeongjong-do was detected according to tide level during 16 years from 2000 to 2015 on the basis of providing period at tide station. This paper will expect as indicator for range of area in same tide level prior to the start of the research for preservation of mudflat. It will be also scientific grounds about change of mudflat area caused by artificial development.