• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.6
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• pp.39-48
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• 1986

This paper examines the effects on safety index analysis with Level II Second-Moment Method. The general two variable problem is examined by means of Cornell safety index ${\beta}c$ Rosenblueth-Esteva safety index ${\beta}_{RE}$ Rackwitz-Fiessler safety index by iterative method and Practical FOSM safety index ${\beta}_p$, which based partly on the concepts given by Paloheimo and Hannus, proposed the algorithm in this paper. The calculated examples have shown that safety index by Practical FOSM Method proposed in this paper would be similar to those in the method by Rosenblueth-Esteva or Rackwitz-Fissler and be simpler in calculation than the Rackwitz's Advanced FOSM Method, in which the iterative procedure has to be used.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.453-462
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• 2019

Mental workload (MWL) is a major consideration for the user interface design in nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, each MWL evaluation method has its advantages and limitations, thus the evaluation and control methods based on multi-index methods are needed. In this study, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) theory was adopted for assessment of interface designs in NPP based on operators' MWL. An evaluation index system and membership functions were established, and the weights were given using the combination of the variation coefficient and the entropy method. The results showed that multi-index methods such as performance measures (speed of task and error rate), subjective rating (NASA-TLX) and physiological measure (eye response) can be successfully integrated in FCE for user interface design assessment. The FCE method has a correlation coefficient compared with most of the original evaluation indices. Thus, this method might be applied for developing the tool to quickly and accurately assess the different display interfaces when considering the aspect of the operators' MWL.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.89-110
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• 2014

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an effective alternative to conventional inspections which are time-consuming and subjective. SHM can detect damage early and reduce maintenance cost and thereby help reduce the likelihood of catastrophic structural events to infrastructure such as bridges. After reviewing the Damage Index Method (DIM), an Iterative Damage Index Method (IDIM) is proposed to improve the accuracy of damage detection. These two damage detection techniques are compared based on damage on two structures, a simply supported beam and a pedestrian bridge. Compared to the traditional damage detection algorithm, the proposed IDIM is shown to be less arbitrary and more accurate.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-101
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• 1993

The current method of rate adjustment is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantages such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability due to small sample size. This study, therefore, develops a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the composite index. In addition to that, it examines the validity of the model by comparing the result of the new method with that of the conventional method. The idea of the new model comes from the Medicare Economic Index(MEI) on which physician fees for the Medicare patients are adjusted periodically in the United States. Medical costs are classified into three groups : labor costs, materials and other expenses. Labor costs are subdivided into physicians and other personnels. Materials are subdivided into drugs and others. Other expenses are subdivided into 5 items. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost item in order to reflect the cost inflation during the specific period. Then the composite index which integrate all items according to the ration of each item in the total costs is calculated. The result from the application of empirical data to the new model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also to easy to get social concensus. This model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 2011

This paper presents an Unified Index which can evaluate a performance of a distribution system based on value-based methodology. Reliability cost and voltage sags cost are calculated for each load point using Reliability Sector Customer Damage Function(SCDF). Aging cost is calculated for each load point using Aging SCDF. Power loss cost and operation cost are calculated for the system. By summation of each cost of load point and system, power quality cost can be obtained. Finally, this paper developed an unified index which can show the performance of a distribution system. Presented method has been applied to a real system, the usefulness of the method has been verified.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.1_2
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• pp.289-303
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• 2022

This article examines the multidimensional index extraction method of the disability social security system based on data mining. While creating the data warehouse of the social security system for the disabled, we need to know the elements of the social security indicators for the disabled. In this context, a clustering algorithm was used to extract the indicators of the social security system for the disabled by investigating the historical dimension of social security for the disabled. The simulation results show that the index extraction method has high coverage, sensitivity and reliability. In this paper, a multidimensional extraction method is introduced to extract the indicators of the social security system for the disabled based on data mining. The simulation experiments show that the method presented in this paper is more reliable, and the indicators of social security system for the disabled extracted are more effective in practical application.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.5 s.101
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• pp.513-520
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a robust multi-watermarking method based on vector quantization using an index transform function. In contrast with the conventional watermark embedding methods to embed only one watermark at a time into the original image, we present a method to embed multiple watermarks for copyright protection. The proposed method efficiently enhances the robustness by index transform function which minimizes changes of vector quantization indices against various attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a good robustness against various attacks compared with the conventional multi-watermarking method based on vector quantization.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.993-1014
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• 2021

This paper proposes a new image retrieval method called the 3D integrated multi-index to fuse SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) visual words with other features at the indexing level. The advantage of the 3D integrated multi-index is that it can produce finer subdivisions in the search space. Compared with the inverted indices of medium-sized codebook, the proposed method increases time slightly in preprocessing and querying. Particularly, the SIFT, contour and colour features are fused into the integrated multi-index, and the joint cooperation of complementary features significantly reduces the impact of false positive matches, so that effective image retrieval can be achieved. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets show that the 3D integrated multi-index significantly improves the retrieval accuracy. While compared with other methods, it requires an acceptable memory usage and query time. Importantly, we show that the 3D integrated multi-index is well complementary to many prior techniques, which make our method compared favorably with the state-of-the-arts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2014

As delineating market areas of retail businesses has become an interesting topic in marketing field, Lee and Lee recently suggested a noteworthy method, which applied the hydrological analysis of geographical information system (GIS), based on Christaller's central place theory. They used a digital elevation model (DEM) which inverted the kernel density of retail businesses, which was measured by using bandwidths of pre-determined 500, 1000 and 5000 m, respectively. In fact, their method is not a fully data-based approach in that they used pre-determined kernel bandwidths, however, this paper has been planned to improve Lee and Lee's method by using a kind of data-based approach of the L-index that describes clustering level of point feature distribution. The case study is implemented to automobile-related retail businesses in Seoul, Korea with selected Kernel bandwidths, 1211.5, 2120.2 and 7067.2 m from L-index analysis. Subsequently, the kernel density is measured, the density DEM is created by inverting it, and boundaries of market areas are extracted. Following the study, analysis results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the L-index can be a useful tool to complement the Lee and Lee's market area analysis method. At next, the kernel bandwidths, pre-determined by Lee and Lee, cannot be uniformly applied to all kinds of retail businesses. Lastly, the L-index method can be useful for analyzing the space structure of market areas of retail businesses, based on Christaller's central place theory.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.93-105
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• 2001

In the lossless step of Lattice Vector Quantization(LVQ), the lattice codewords produced at quantization step are enumerated into radius sequence and index sequence. The radius sequence is run-length coded and then entropy coded, and the index sequence is represented by fixed length binary bits. As bit rate increases, the index bit linearly increases and deteriorates the coding performances. To reduce the index bits across the wide range of bit rates, we developed a novel lattice enumeration algorithm adopting the set partitioning method. The proposed enumeration method shifts down large index values to smaller ones and so reduces the index bits. When the proposed lossless coding scheme is applied to a wavelet based image coding, the proposed scheme achieves more than 10% at bit rates higher than 0.3 bits/pixel over the conventional lossless coding method, and yields more improvement as bit rate becomes higher.