• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 인간 생활에 기본이 되는 온도, 상대습도를 기초로 하여 인간의 온열감을 측정하여 남한의 온열감 분포의 특성과 기후유형을 파악하였다. 연구 방법은 설문지 검사를 통하여 온습도 지수 공식을 이용, 월별 온열감, 연 누적 온열감 지수를 계산하였다. 월별 온열감 지수 분석 결과 온열감의 지역적 차이는 위도 및 고도, 지형적 요인, 기단체계에 따른 영향으로 나타났다. 연 누적 온열감 지수분포는 대체로 남쪽에서 북쪽으로 갈수록, 해안에서 내륙으로 갈수록 기후 스트레스가 증가하였다. 이러한 원인으로 겨울의 추위 스트레스와 여름의 더위 스트레스가 높기 때문에 나타나는 현상으로 사료된다. 연 생리 기후유형은 쾌적함(M)기후유형, 극히 무더움(ES)유형, 쾌적함-극히 무더움(M-ES)유형, 쾌적함-무더움(M-S)유형, 더움-극히 무더움(W-ES)유형, 서늘함-극히 무더움(C-ES)유형, 서늘함-쾌적함(C-M)유형, 서늘함-쾌적함-극히 무더움(C-M-ES)유형으로 도합 8개의 기후유형으로 구분된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.282-293
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 2009-2019년 기간 동안 대전시 외곽의 도심개발에 따른 인근 하천(관평천)의 상류, 중류, 하류의 구간에서 4회 조사(2009, 2010, 2016, 2019)를 통해 이화학적 수질, 어류 종 조성, 생태 건강성 특성에 대해 장기간 변화추이를 분석하였다. 본 하천지역에서 도심개발은 2008년에 이루어졌고, 2012년에는 하천복원사업이 수행되어 하천복원 전과 후의 특성변화 추이를 모니터링 하였다. 하천 생태건강도 평가를 위해 군집수준의 어류평가지수(Fish Assessment Index, FAI)를 이용하였고, 어류의 기관(Organ) 수준에서 해부학적 건강도(Necropsy-based Health Assessment Index, HAI) 분석을 실시하였다. 이화학적 수질 분석에서는 중류(St. 2)에서 가장 낮은 탁도와 엽록소(Chl-a)가 측정되었다. 이는 빠른 유속에 의한 물리적 요인 때문으로 나타났다. 어류 조사에서는 총 18종이 채집되었고, 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 가장 우점 하는 종(40.6%)으로 나타났다. 하천복원 직후(2016)에는 민감종(Sensitive species)과 충식종(Insectivore species)이 우점, 종 다양도 및 종 풍부도 지수 상승, 생태건강도 지수(FAI)가 상승하여 생태 건강도는 "최상상태(A: 87.5)"로 나타났으나 가장 최근 조사인 2019년에는 전 기간에 비해 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 기관(Organ) 분석에 의거한 해부학적 건강도 지수(HAI) 분석에 따르면, 피부손상(Skin)은 상류에서, 신장 손상(Kidney)은 하류 역에서 나타났고, 간(Liver)과 아가미(Gill)의 손상은 모든 지점에서 나타나 해부학적 측면의 건강도에서도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2008

지금까지 돌발홍수는 주로 강우의 시공간적인 특성들을 고려한 기후학적 측면에서 관심을 가지고 연구가 진행되어 왔을 뿐 유출의 시각에서 돌발홍수를 평가하기 위한 노력은 매우 미흡하였다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 Bhaskar 등(2000)의 연구를 우리나라에 적용하여 유출수문곡선에 의해 돌발홍수를 설명하고, 다른 홍수사상과 돌발 홍수 사상을 구별하고자 하는데 있다. 즉, 유출수문곡선의 특성을 이용해 홍수사상에 대한 돌발홍수지수(flash flood index)를 산정함으로써 돌발홍수의 심각성 정도를 정량화하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 한강유역의 과거 101개의 홍수사상에 대해 돌발홍수의 상대심도(relative severity)를 파악하기 위하여 돌발홍수지수를 산정하였으며 또한, 2006년 7월의 집중호우에 의해 발생한 홍수사상의 돌발홍수 심도를 시공간적으로 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 한강유역의 다른 지역에 비해 강원도 지역의 홍수 유출수문곡선들이 돌발홍수 심도를 크게 나타내었으며 중랑천 등과 같은 도시유역에서도 돌발심도가 크게 나타남을 확인 할 수 있었다. 2006년 7월 집중호우에 의한 한강유역의 돌발홍수지수를 7월 전반기, 중반기 그리고 하반기로 나누어 시공간적 공간분포를 분석한 결과, 7월 전반기의 경우 서울 주변지역의 돌발심도가 크게 나타났으며 7월 중반기의 경우 강원도 지역의 돌발홍수 심도가 크게 나타났다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.281-291
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• 1996

458 female workers working in the small and medium scaled industries in Inchon area were surveyed to study their general characteristics, health behavior, working and environmental conditions, awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, current health status, and degree of working satisfaction. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female workers with the explanation by trained interviewer on the purpose of survey and the method how to answer. The results were as follows : (1) 75.5% of the respondents are living with their families and others are living in domitary or rent house for herself. Age distribution ranges from teenagers to warren in their forties. In marital status 69.0% of workers are single and 31.0% of them have ever married. 69.4% of workers are high school graduate. The size of factory is 48.3% with less than 300 workers, 42.1% with 300~500 workers. (2) Most of the workers(86.7%) are full time workers, 52% of the respondents have working experiences in other factories. More than 65% have fewer than 5 years working experience. (3) The awareness of exposure at noise was 33% of respondents, it was significantly different by skilled status. The awareness of exposure at dust, other hazardous material was each 13.3%, 12.4% of respondents. (4) 26% of them are unsatisfied with their working cognitions and 43.7% of them are unsatisfied with their welfare in occupational system unsatisfactory rate of promotion is higher in the unmarried workers(45.6%), skilled workers(47.2%), full time workers(47.4%), long term workers(50%), and awareness group of exposure hazardous material(51.3%), compared to married women workers, unskilled workers, part-time workers, short term workers and unawareness group of exposure at hazardous materials. (5) The index of working satisfaction is rated on a scale of 1 to 10 with the higher point indicating higher satisfaction. Among the selected variables, marital status, working status, the awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, were statistically significant with the index of working satisfaction. (6) By multiple regression analysis showed that the determinant factors of index of working condition were health index, the awareness of exposure at dust, the awareness of exposure other hazardous materials, marital status and working period. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the awareness of exposure at hazardous material the index of working satisfaction. Therefore if the workers are less exposed to the hazardous material and are educated properly they will be more satisfied with their work thus improving their health and productivity. Finally, with the result of this study, there is a great need for the development of a health promotion program and a welfare policy for small-scale factories.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.178-178
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• 2023

Drought and flooding have historically coexisted in Korea, occurring at different times and with varying cycles and trends. The drought indicators measured were (PDSI), (SPI), and (SPEI) in order to statistically analyze the annual or periodic drought occurrence and objectively evaluate statistical characteristics such as the periodicity, tendency, and frequency of occurrence of droughts in the Doam watershed. To compute potential evapotranspiration (PET), both Thornthwaite (Thor) and Penman-Monteith (PM) parameterizations were considered, and the differences between the two PET estimators were analyzed. Hence, SPIs 3 and SPIs 6 revealed a tendency to worsen drought in the spring and winter and a tendency to alleviate drought in the summer in the study area. The seasonal variability trend did not occur in the SPIs 12 and PDSI, as it did in the drought index over a short period. As a result of the drought trend study, the drought from winter to spring gets more severe, in addition to the duration of the drought, although the periodicity of the recurrence of the drought ranged from 3 years to 6 years at the longest, indicating that SPIs 3 showed a brief time of around 1 year. SPIs 6 and SPIs 12 had a term of 4 to 6 years, and PDSI had a period of roughly 6 years. Based on the indicators of the PDSI, SPI, and SPEI, the drought severity increases under climate change conditions with the decrease in precipitation and increased water demand as a consequence of the temperature increase. Therefore, our findings show that national and practical measures are needed for both winter and spring droughts, which happen every year, as well as large-scale and extreme droughts, which happen every six years.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Objectives: Acute exposure to high concentrations of chemicals can occur when a chemical accident takes place. As such exposure can cause ongoing environmental pollution, such as in the soil and groundwater, there is a need for a tool that can assess health effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was assessing the health risks of residents living near a chemical accident site due to long-term exposure while considering the temporal concentration changes of the toxic chemicals leaked during the accident until their extinction in the environment using a multimedia environmental dynamics model. Methods: A health risk assessment was conducted on three cases of formaldehyde chemical accidents. In this study, health risk assessment was performed using a multimedia environmental dynamics model that considers the behavior of the atmosphere, soil, and water. In addition, the extinction period of formaldehyde in the environment was regarded as extinction in the environment when the concentration in the air and soil fell below the background concentration prior to the accident. The subjects of health risk assessment were classified into four groups according to age: 0-9 years old, 10-18 years old, 19-64 years old, and over 65 years old. Carcinogenic risk assessment by respiratory exposure and non-carcinogenic risk assessment by soil intake were conducted as well. Results: In the assessment of carcinogenic risk due to respiratory exposure, the excess carcinogenic risk did not exceed 1.0×10-6 in all three chemical accidents, so there was no health effect due to the formaldehyde chemical accident. As a result of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk due to soil intake, none of the three chemical accidents had a risk index of 1, so there was no health effect. For all three chemical accidents, the excess cancer risk and hazard index were the highest in the age group 0-9. Next, 10-18 years old, 65 years old or older, and 19-64 years old showed the highest risk. Conclusion: This study considers environmental changes after a chemical accident occurs and until the substance disappears from the environment. It also conducts a health risk assessment by reflecting the characteristics of the long-term persistence and concentration change over time. It is thought that it is of significance as a health risk assessment study reflecting the exposure characteristics of the accident substance for an actual chemical accident.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

원형모형실험을 통해 철도노반재료로 사용되는 흙을 대상으로 함수비 변화에 따른 침하관계를 평가하였다. 초기 함수비에서 침하량비($R_e$)는 2.08이었으나, 초기함수비보다 2배 이상으로 함수비가 증가되었을 때 침하량비($R_e$)는 4.06으로 4배 이상의 침하가 발생하였다. 또한 실제 공용중인 콘크리트궤도에서 계측된 강우데이타를 기반으로 약 1년여간 현장에 매설된 함수비 측정장비를 통해 장기 함수비 변화추이를 관찰하였다. 콘크리트궤도의 직하부에 위치한 함수비는 강우강도에 따라 변화가 거의 없는 수준이며, 사면부에서는 최대 강우강도 20mm/hr가 초과되는 경우 약 4% 정도의 함수비 변화가 생기는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 변화정도를 볼 때 콘크리트 궤도의 경우 배수성능이 적절히 유지된다면 노반 내부의 함수비 변화는 강우에 대하여 영향이 매우 미비할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

Objectives: Minimal improvement in the long-term survival of head and neck cancer(HNC) patients has occurred despite a multitude of advances in the control of loco regional disease and a second primary malignancy(SPM) contribute to the continued poor prognosis for the HNC patients. This study was performed in order to identify the clinical characteristics of SPM in the HNC patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 354 patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that were followed up after initial treatment during the period of 1987 through 1994 were reviewed. This study examines the medical records of 354 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, of whom 26 subsequently developed a second neoplasm. Results: The actuarial SPM rate was 7.3%, and median time to presentation for the SPM was 26.8 months. The SPM were more likely to occur in male patients who had oral cavity index tumors. Patient whose index tumor was small at diagnosis had a greater chance of developing a second tumor as did those with no cervical lymph node metastases to the neck. Initial treatment modality was not associated with an increased risk of developing a second tumor. The commonest sites for the SPM were the lung and other head and neck area. The 3-year survival for patients who developed a secondary tumor from the time of its diagnosis was 27.8%. Conclusion: The SPM in the head and neck cancer patients are not uncommon and early detection of the SPM will contribute to increase the long-term survival of HNC patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2019

Background: Billroth I anastomosis is one of the most common reconstruction methods after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Intracorporeal Billroth I (ICBI) anastomosis and extracorporeal Billroth I (ECBI) anastomosis are widely used in laparoscopic surgery. Here we compared ICBI and ECBI outcomes at a major gastric cancer center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 2,284 gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy between 2009 and 2017. We divided the subjects into ECBI (n=1,681) and ICBI (n=603) groups, compared the patients' clinical characteristics and surgical and short-term outcomes, and performed risk factor analyses of postoperative complication development. Results: The ICBI group experienced shorter operation times, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stays than the ECBI group. There were no clinically significant intergroup differences in diet initiation. Changes in white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were similar between groups. Grade II-IV surgical complication rates were 2.7% and 4.0% in the ECBI and ICBI groups, respectively, with no significant intergroup differences. Male sex and a body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}30$ were independent risk factors for surgical complication development. In the ECBI group, patients with a BMI ${\geq}30$ experienced a significantly higher surgical complication rate than those with a lower BMI, while no such difference was observed in the ICBI group. Conclusion: The surgical safety of ICBI was similar to that of ECBI. Although the chosen anastomotic technique was not a risk factor for surgical complications, ECBI was more vulnerable to surgical complications than ICBI in patients with a high BMI (${\geq}30$).

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2019

In this study, the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) of meteorological drought and SDI (Streamflow Drought Index) of hydrological drought for 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months duration were estimated to analyse the characteristics of drought using rainfall and dam inflow data for Chungju dam ($6,661.8km^2$) with 31 years (1986-2016) and Boryeong dam ($163.6km^2$) watershed with 19 years (1998-2016) respectively. Using the estimated SPI and SDI, the drought forecasting was conducted using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model for the 5 durations. For 2016 drought, the SARIMA had a good results for 3 and 6 months. For the 3 months SARIMA forecasting of SPI and SDI, the correlation coefficient of SPI3, SPI6, SPI12, SDI1, and SDI6 at Chungju Dam showed 0.960, 0.990, 0.999, 0.868, and 0.846, respectively. Also, for same duration forecasting of SPI and SDI at Boryeong Dam, the correlation coefficient of SPI3, SPI6, SDI3, SDI6, and SDI12 showed 0.999, 0.994, 0.999, 0.880, and 0.992, respectively. The SARIMA model showed the possibility to provide the future short-term SPI meteorological drought and the resulting SDI hydrological drought.