• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.337-351
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• 2016

현실세계의 예측 문제에서 세 범주 이상의 결과로 예측되는 경우가 많다. 이러한 경우에 대한 기존의 문헌연구에서는 부합성을 짝 접근방법으로 활용한 통계량은 범주의 뚜렷한 구분 없이 표현되었다. 최근 새롭게 표현한 평가자료와 이를 바탕으로 부합성을 재표현하여 통계량들을 새롭게 정의함으로써 직관적으로 의미 파악이 가능해졌지만 통계량들의 판단기준이 구체적이지 않은 문제점을 갖고 있다. 또한 이 통계량들은 가능한 부합성의 짝으로 구성되었지만 실제범주들간에서 예측범주들의 부합성을 추가적으로 고려할 수 있기에 이를 포함한 두 가지 통계량을 제안하였다. 제안한 통계량은 선택된 두 범주로부터 모든 가능한 경우들 사이를 판별하는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서 제안한 두 가지 통계량은 지시함수로 표현되므로 비모수적 통계량으로 변환할 수 있다. 그러므로 부합성 통계량을 가설검정 방법으로 사용할 수 있음을 제안한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.465-479
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• 2008

저심도 터널 굴착시 예상되는 암반 거동을 정량적으로 파악하기 위해 계층 분석적 의사결정 방법과 암반 공학 시스템 방법을 적용하여 암반 거동 지수를 산정하였다. 복잡하고 조직화되지 않은 암반 거동을 효과적으로 결정하기 위해 쌍대 비교 매트릭스를 이용하는 계층 분석적 의사결정 방법과 상호 영향 매트릭스를 이용하는 암반 공학 시스템 방법을 적용하였고, 전문가 의견의 불확실성을 극복하고자 퍼지 델파이 방법을 적용하였다. 저심도 암반 터널 굴착 시 예상되는 암반 거동 유형으로 소성 변형, 낙반과 낙석을 제시하였다. 각각의 암반 거동 유형을 결정하기 위해 일축압축강도, 암질 지수와 절리 조건을 포함하는 암반 내생적 매개변수, 응력, 지하수와 지진 조건을 포함하는 암반 외생적 매개변수와 굴착 매개변수를 고하였다. 이를 서울 지하철 O호선 O공구 설계에 적용하여 예상되는 암반 거동 유형을 정량적인 암반 거동 지수로 제시하였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Gonadosomatic index, reproductive cycle, spermatogenesis and first sexual maturity of Chlamys farreri were investigated by cytological and histological observations, from January 1998 to December 1999. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) rapidly increased in April and reached a maximum in May when seawater temperature rapidly increase. Then the GSI gradually decreased from June to August when spawning occur. Accordingly, monthly changes in the GSI in males coincide with the reproductive cycle. The spermatozoon of Chlamys farreri is the primitive type found in external fertilization species. The head of the spermatozoon is approximately $2.75{\mu}m$ in length including the acrosome measuring about $0.50{\mu}m$ in length, and its tail was approximately $20{\mu}m$, the axoneme of the tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. Five spherical mitochondria around the centriole (the satellite body) appear in the middle piece of the sperm. The spawning period was from June to August and the main spawning occurs from July to August when seawater temperatures are greater than $20^{\circ}C$ The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages; early active stage (January to March), late active stage (March to April), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to August), and spent/inactive stage (August to January). Over 50% of male scallops attained first sexual maturity between 50.0 and 60.0 mm in shell height, and 100% of those over 60.0 mm in shell height achieved maturity. Accordingly, we assume that male individuals begin reproduction at three years of age.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 $20m{\times}20m$ sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2016

의학진단과 신용평가 등에서 삼항 이상 다항 범주의 결과로 예측되는 경우가 많다. 다항 범주의 문제에 대하여 부합성 (concordance)을 이용한 다섯 종류의 통계량이 제안되고 사용되었다. 그러나 이러한 통계량들은 범주의 뚜렷한 구분없이 표현되어 짝 (pairwise) 접근방법과 집단 (set) 접근방법을 사용하기 어렵고, 이 통계량들의 의미를 명확하게 파악할 수 없다. 따라서 통계량들의 비교분석이 가능하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 평가자료를 새롭게 표현하고, 이를 바탕으로 부합성을 재표현한다. 이 부합성을 이용하여 기존의 통계량들을 새롭게 정의한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법으로 다섯 가지 통계량들의 의미를 설명할 수 있으며 비교 분석이 가능하다. 다양한 자료를 생성하여 분석하여 이 통계량들의 특징을 탐색할 수 있으며 설명할 수 있다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2012

Objectives: It is well known that genetic factors and environmental factors play major role in aging skin. In general, son and daughter take after their parents in appearance. But comparability of skin properties in Korean family has not been well estimated. So we evaluated the correlation of skin properties in Korean mother-daughter pairs. Methods: 10 couples of mother and daughter pair(n=20) participate in this study. Mothers and daughters were aged $50.6{\pm}2.459$ and $23.8{\pm}2.15$ years, respectively. Skin moisture, sebum, skin color and elasticity is measured using non-invasive method : Corneometer CM825, Sebumeter(MPA580), Mexameter MX18, Cutometer MPA580. Statistical analysis program we used is Minitab 14 Korea. Results: The Skin moisture of mother group was significantly higher than daughter group. And skin elasticity(R2) of the daughter group was significantly higher than mother group. In the results of correlation analysis between mother and daughter pairs, skin elasticity(R2) had high positive correlation(r=0.729, p=0.026). But skin moisture, sebum, melanin index, erythema index and skin elasticity(R5) did not be confirmed a significant correlation. Conclusions: Skin elasticity(R2) is the only factor that showed high positive correlation significantly in mother and daughter pairs. Mother and daughter share the genetic factors and environmental factors that influence skin aging. So, mother's aging pattern will be a good guide for anti-aging of daughters.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

천연활엽수림에서 자생하는 활엽수종 고유의 생장 특성을 감안하여, 18개 주요 상층 임관 구성 수종을 대상으로 임목 형질을 평가하는 한 방편으로서 임목(林木) 형질(形質) 지수(指數)(tree form index: TFI)를 추정하였다. 선정된 6개의 형질 속성을 4개의 급수로 나누고, 임목 개체의 전반적인 형질에 미치는 영향력을 고려하여 합당한 점수를 부여하였다. 18개 수종에 대하여 속성 별로 점수를 부여하고 백분률(百分率)로 환산한 후, 각 점수를 합하여 임목 형질 지수를 산출하였다. 각 쌍의 수종별 점수 차이와 $18{\times}6$ 행렬(行列)을 바탕으로 집락분석(集落分析)(cluster analysis) 을 시도하여 수종별로 어떠한 속성들이 공통적인가를 검토하였다. 연구 결과, 임목 형질이 가장 좋은 수종은 TFI 수치 80.8을 기록한 사시나무로 파악되었고, TFI 수치 46.3을 기록한 까치박달나무는 임목 형질이 가장 좋지 않은 수종으로 분석되었다. 70점 이상의 비교적 높은 지수를 획득한 상층 임관 수종들은 사시나무, 거제수나무, 들메나무, 느릅나무 등으로서, 통직하고 완만한 수간, 높은 지하고(枝下高), 좁은 수관(樹冠), 가는 가지 등의 특성을 갖는 장점을 지니고 있었다. 반면에, 60점 미만의 낮은 지수를 얻은 수종들은 팔배나무, 산벚나무, 복장나무, 가래나무, 까치박달나무 등으로서, 굽었거나 기울어진 수간, 낮은 지하고(枝下高), 넓은 수관, 굵은 가지 등의 성격을 갖는 경향이 있었다. 집락분석 결과에 의한 분류도(分類圖)에서 Euclidean 거리계수(距離係數) 임의의 값 10은 연구 대상 수종들을 4개의 뚜렷한 수종군(樹種群)으로 분류하였고, 각 수종군에 대한 임목 형질 특성을 검토하였다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2012

This paper presents an efficient and robust approach for determining the correspondence between unbalanced stereo images. The disparity vectors were used instead of feature points, such as corners, to calculate a correspondence relationship. For a faster and optimal estimation, the vectors were classified into several regions, and the homography of each region was calculated using the RANSAC algorithm. The correspondence image was calculated from the images transformed by each homography. Although it provided good results under normal conditions, it was difficult to obtain reliable results in an unbalanced stereo pair. Therefore, a balancing method is also proposed to minimize the unbalance effects using the histogram specification and structural similarity index. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperformed the baseline algorithms with respect to the speed and peak-signal-to-noise ratio. This work can be applied to practical fields including 3D depth map acquisition, fast stereo coding, 2D-to-3D conversion, etc.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

The gonadsomatic index (GSI) of mottled skate was the highest in April, GSI and HSI showed a reverse phase for its reproductive cycle. The fish had one pair of egg capsules, having 1 to 7 fertilized eggs, and spawned all the year round. When surveying the reproductive characteristics of females over 63 cm in disc width, we found the spawning peak was between April to June, and the appearance ratio of egg capsules was the highest in May (32.1%). The eggs were hatched at $8^{\circ}C$, $13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, water temperature (12.8 to $24.2^{\circ}C$), and the best hatching temperature was $18^{\circ}C$. The number of fish hatched was 4 to 5 fish/egg capsules, and the hatching rate was 100%. The sex ratios of hatching larvae were 45.5% female and 54.5% male. Therefore this study will provide fundamental data and information for artificial reproduction of the mottled skate.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strength of the near-UV wavelength of 380 nm relative to visible and near-IR bands, and to find the suitable wavelength for detecting aerosols by using the Global Imager (GLI) sensor aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II). Sensitivity analysis is performed for the retrieval of biomass burning aerosols by employing the radiative transfer model Rstar5b. It is determined that background surface reflectance in the blue band is similar to that in the near-UV band, and that wavelengths in the blue bands are more sensitive to the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) than wavelengths in the near-UV band. The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Aerosol Index (AI) is used in the indirect method used for aerosol retrieval, and the wavelength pair 380 nm and 460 nm is determined to be the most sensitive to the AOT. The results of this study suggest that wavelengths in the blue bands are suitable for detecting biomass burning aerosols over the Korean peninsula.