• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and knee function index on the knee strength and endurance in the national male field-hockey athletes. METHODS: Twenty-four male field-hockey athletes with a painful knee who trained at the national training center in 2019 were enrolled. The VAS and knee function index questionnaire were used to evaluate the degree of pain and functional state of the knee. The muscle strength and endurance of the knee were measured by Biodex (System 4, USA). The Pearson product moment correlation was performed to examine the effects of the VAS and knee function index the of knee on the strength and endurance. In addition, the VAS and knee function index and muscle strength and muscle endurance were examined to determine the relationship using Simple Linear Regression. The statistical significance level was α=.05. RESULTS: An analysis of the correlation between VAS and knee function index and muscle strength and muscle endurance revealed the VAS and knee function index to be statistically significant (r = .700). In addition, the extensor muscle strength, knee VAS (r = -.457), and knee function index (r = -.414) were also statistically significant. A 1-point increase in the VAS and knee function index was associated with an approximately 9.881 and 1.006 extensor muscle strength. CONCLUSION: The VAS and knee function index of field-hockey athletes are related to the strength of the knee extensors. Therefore, field-hockey athletes should develop a program to strengthen the extensor muscle strength of the knee.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.128-138
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• 1998

Background : There is increased recognition that rigorous approach to functional assessment will complement the assessment of clinical status. This study is to develop the appropriate visual function index in Korean patients with cataracts by the assessment of the reliability, validity of visual function indexes including VF-14. Methods : An prospective study was performed with 92 patients who had undergone either one eye or both eye cataract surgery by 3 ophthalmologists practicing at a university hospital. Patients were interviewed. and clinical data were obtained. Doctors were questioned with self-entered questionnaire forms. Medical record was examined to understand surgery process. The survey was conducted at 1-2 days before cataract surgery. Results : We used following measures : 7 visual function indexes, global measures of patients' trouble and satisfaction with vision, and best-corrected visual acuity(VA) in each eye. 7 visual function indexes showed a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficients ${\geq}$ 0.86). The better visual acuity(operated eye, better eye), the higher patient satisfaction with vision, the lower symptom score, the lower patient trouble with vision was correlated with preoperative visual function index scores. Among 7 indexes, VF-12 with the exclusion of 2 items drivings from VF-14 is a high Cronbach's alpha coefficient and correlation coefficient and the highest $R^2$. Conclusion : We conclude that VF-12 is reliable and valid in Korea. So we suggest that in Korea, all items of VF-14, the visual function index, which is in use internationally, ought to be surveyed and VF-12 which has been excluded by 2 items of drivings from VF-14 ought to be used for analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis of effectiveness between cognitive function assessment scores and gaming cognitive rehabilitation system in children with intellectual impairment. Methods: Five children (male=5, $age=10.00{\pm}0.80$) with intellectual impairment participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the experiment that played (received) gaming cognitive rehabilitation system (Neuroworld). The children were applied 2 times a week for 30 minutes during 3 months. The children were assessed K-WSIC-VI (Korean-Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition) and recorded that gained score in gaming cognitive rehabilitation system before and after intervention. K-WSIC-VI contained five primary index scores: verbal comprehension index, visual spatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. Gaming cognitive rehabilitation system scoring was composed visual recall, target recall, sequence recall, selective attention, continuous attention, and exploration. Results: In the intelligence quotient (IQ) of K-WSIC-VI, there were significant increased in all children. The visual recall item was highest effective in all children. However, sequential recall showed the lowest improvement in all children. The performance speed of selective attention item was decreased, this means that children's skills have improved. Also, their ability to explore has improved significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, gaming cognitive rehabilitation system was significant effectiveness in cognitive function in some categories for children with intellectual impairment. However, the visual recall and performance speed don't represent of all cognitive function. Therefore, further studies will need to verify by applying more subject and longer duration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

• 대한시과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2018

목적 : 만 65 세 이상 고령운전자와 50 ~ 65 세 이전의 예비고령 운전자의 시각적 기능을 검사하고, 일반인과 직업 운전자를 구분하여 그 차이점을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 만 65 세 이상 고령운전자(40 명), 만 65 세 이하 운전자(67 명)이었다. 모든 대상자들은 안과적 질환이 없고, 운전 경력은 5년 이상이었다. 기본적인 데이터(성별, 직업, 연령, 건강상태)와 함께 시각기능 데이터 (대비감도, 정적 및 동적 입체시, 시력회복시간, 눈부심 지수)등을 측정하였다. 결과 : 명소시 조건에서의 대비감도는 전반적으로 버스군에서 가장 좋은 감도를 보였으며, 12 cpd와 18 cpd의 주파수에서 일반 1.57, 버스 1.70으로 그 차이 값이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 암소시 조건에서는 65 세 이상 고령층에서는 주파수가 높아질수록 일반군과 택시군에서 유의한 차이를 보여주었다(p<0.05). 눈부심 후 시력회복시간은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 다만 연령대가 증가할수록 시간이 길어지는 경향은 보였다. 눈부심 지수에 관한 결과는 65 세 이상의 일반군에서 운전에 방해가 되는 눈부심에 해당하는 지수 3에 가까운 결과를 보였고, 택시 및 화물 운전군에서는 양호한 눈부심에 해당하는 지수 5에 가까운 결과 값을 보여주었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 고령자들의 시기능을 분석한 결과, 나이가 들수록 대부분의 시기능이 저하되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 65 세 이상의 고령 운전자의 안전운전을 위해서는 현재 시행되어지고 있는 시력, 색각 검사 외에도 운전 환경과 연관되어 있는 시기능인 대비감도, 눈부심, 입체시력 등의 시각기능 검사가 추가적으로 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate Activities of Daily Living(ADL) function recovery of repeated measurement of stroke who received ADL training. Method : Twenty stroke patients were treated by ADL program therapy from May to June. All of in twenty stroke patients, 10 stroke patients take part in Occupational Therapy and 10 stroke patients take part in ADL training for 30 min five times a week during four weeks in M- hospital occupational Therapy treatment room, local in Changwon and Geoje. We used two assessment on is Motor Free Visual Perception Test-Third Edition(MVPT-3) for visual perception the other is Modified Barthel Index(MBI) for ADL. Result : First, Visual Short Term Memory(VSTM) score was changed statistical significance OT intervention group than compare with ADL training group(p<.05). Second, Visaul Closure(VC) score was changed statistical significance OT intervention group than compare with ADL training group(p<.05). Third, Spatial Orientation(SO) score was changed statistical significance OT intervention group than compare with ADL training group(p<.05). The fourth Motor Free Visual Perception Test-Third Edition(MVPT-3) score was changed statistical significance OT intervention group than compare with ADL training group(p<.05). The fifth Modified Barthel Index(MBI total) score was changed statistical significance OT intervention group than compare with ADL training group(p<.05). Conclusion : Therefore, ADL training can be on method the visual perception of stroke patients.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

This paper proposes an efficient photo retrieval system that automatically indexes for searching of relevant images, using a combination of geo-coded information, direction/location of image capture device and content-based visual features. A photo image is labeled with its GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates and direction of the camera view at the moment of capture, and the label leads to generate a geo-spatial index with three core elements of latitude, longitude and viewing direction. Then, content-based visual features are extracted and combined with the geo-spatial information, for indexing and retrieving the photo images. For user's querying process, the proposed method adopts two steps as a progressive approach, filtering the relevant subset prior to use a content-based ranking function. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we assess the simulation performance in terms of average precision and F-score, using a natural photo collection. Comparing the proposed approach to retrieve using only visual features, an improvement of 20.8% was observed. The experimental results show that the proposed method exhibited a significant enhancement of around 7.2% in retrieval effectiveness, compared to previous work. These results reveal that a combination of context and content analysis is markedly more efficient and meaningful that using only visual feature for image search.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate reliability and validity of Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) osteoarthritis index. Methods : The reliablity, construct validity of the Korean WOMAC Index in the patient of knee osteoarthritis was investigated. Test-retest reliability was quantified with pearson's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was quantified with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. and construct validity with pearson's correlation coefficient by correlating of the Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : Test-retest reliability of Korean WOMAC Index for pain was 0.76 to 0.95, stiffness was 0.89 to 0.94, and physical function was 0.71 to 0.95. Intraclass correlation coefficient for pain was 0.76 to 0.94, stiffness was 0.54 to 0.89, and physical function was 0.70 to 0.95. Internal consistency were 0.94 and 0.94 for the first and second time, respectively. Construct validity for pain was 0.79, for stiffness was 0.66, and physical function was 0.67. Conclusions : The Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) osteoarthritis index is reliable, valid assessment tool in knee osteoarthritis.

• 농촌계획
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to suggest the landscape potential index for visualizing landscape information in the conservation of hilly landscape in urban fringe. For the visual and quantitative approach to topological landscape assessment, numerical entity data of DEM(digital elevation model) were processed with CAD-based utilities that we developed and were mainly focused on analysis of visibility and visual sensitivity. Some results, with reference in assessing greenbelt area of Eodeung Mt. in Gwangju, proved to be considerable in the landscape assessment of suburban hilly landscapes. 1) Since the viewpoints and viewpoint fields were critical to landscape structure, randomized 194 points(spatially 500m interval) were applied to assessing the generalized visual sensitivity, we called. Because there were similar patterns of distribution comparing to those by 56 points and 18 Points given appropriately, it could be more efficient by a few viewpoints which located widely. 2) Regressional function was derived to represent the relationships between probabilities of visibility frequency and the topological factors(topological dominance, landform complexity and relational aspect) of target field. 3) Visibility scores of each viewpoint were be calculated by summing the visual sensitivity indices within a scene. The scores to the upper part including ridge line have been more representative to overall distributions of visual sensitivities. Also, with sum of deviations of sensitivity indices from each single point's specific index to the weighting values of view points could be estimated rotationally. 4) The deviational distributions of visual sensitivity classes in the topological unit of target field were proved to represent the visual vulnerability of the landform. 5) Landscape potential indices combined with the visual sensitivity and the DGN(degree of green naturality) were proposed as visualized landscape information distributed by topological unit.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구에서는 써클콘택트렌즈의 착용이 시력교정술을 받은 눈에서 시력의 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 시력교정술을 받지 않은 40안과 시력교정술을 받은 30안에 무도수의 써클콘택트렌즈를 각각 착용시키고 optical quality analysis system을 이용하여 변조전달기능(modulation transfer function, MTF), 객관적 산란지수(objective scatter index, OSI) 및 망막에 맺히는 상의 집속률(Strehl ratio)을 측정하여 객관적인 시력의 질 평가를 실시하였으며, 동공크기를 측정하여 객관적인 시력 질과 동공크기의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 시력교정술을 받은 눈에 써클콘택트렌즈를 착용하였을 경우는 시력교정술을 받지 않은 눈과 비교하여 모두 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 변조전달기능이 더 저하되었고, 객관적 산란지수는 더 증가하였으며, 망막에 맺히는 상의 집속률은 더 감소하였다. 또한, 시력교정술을 받은 눈에서의 써클콘택트렌즈의 착용은 시력교정술을 받지 않은 사람에 비하여 동공크기에 따른 변조전달기능, 객관적 산란지수, 망막에 맺히는 상 집속률의 증감에 미치는 상관관계에 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 시력교정술 후 써클콘택트렌즈 착용은 실제 망막에 맺히는 상의 질에 근거한 객관적인 시력의 질을 저하시키는 것으로 나타났으므로 시력교정술을 한 경우에는 써클콘택트렌즈 착용하였을 때 시력의 질 저하에 대한 충분한 이해와 고려가 필요함을 제안한다.