• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.116-130
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• 2024

This study aimed to characterize groundwater pollution in Hongseong-gun, a representative rural area, by conducting principal component analyses (PCA) for 12 water quality parameters. Nitrate (NO₃) contamination was also assessed by identifying the background levels and threshold values (TV) of NO₃ concentration, followed by estimation of nitrate pollution index (NPI) based on the TV value. The results of PCA anlayses showed that the top three PCs (PC1, PC2, and PC3) accounted for 68% of the total variation, with PC1 and PC2 being most influenced by EC and NO₃, respectively. In calculation of background levels for groundwater constituents, the values estimated by the percentile method were higher than those by the probability plot method for all constituents except Na and NO₃. The NPI values indicated moderate to severe contamination (classes 1-3) and showed an increase of over 10% in 2023 compared to 2005. The overall results of this study demonstrate that PCA analysis, along with background level and TV assessment, can effectively evaluate the factors influencing groundwater pollution in a typical rural area like Hongsung-gun. This study also confirmed that NPI serves as a reliable indicator for effective groundwater pollution management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3429-3436
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is a major health problem worldwide and is the most frequent cause of cancer in women in India. Early detection and affordable drugs with clinical efficacy have to go hand-in-hand in order to comprehensibly address this serious health challenge. Plant-based drugs with potent anticancer effects should add to the efforts to find a cheap drug with limited clinical side effects. Keeping this very purpose in mind, an attempt has been made in this review to explore the potential of plant extracts or constituents known to exhibit antitumorigenic activity or exert cytotoxic effect in human cervical carcinoma cells. Alkaloids such as those isolated from C. vincetoxicum and T. Tanakae, naucleaorals A and B, isolated from the roots of N. orientalis, (6aR)-normecambroline, isolated from the bark of N. dealbata appear promising in different human cervical carcinoma cells with the $IC_{50}$ of 4.0-8 ${\mu}g/mL$. However, other compounds such as rhinacanthone and neolignans isolated from different plants are not far behind and kill cervical cancer cells at a very low concentrations. Among plant extracts or its constituents that enhance the effect of known anticancer drugs, noni, derived from the plant M. citrifolia perhaps is the best candidate. The cytotoxic potency and apoptotic index of cisplatin was found to significantly enhanced in combination with noni in different human cervical carcinoma cells and it therefore holds significance as promising herbal-based anticancer agent. However, efficacy needs to be further investigated in various cervical cell lines and more importantly, in in vivo cervical cancer models for possible use as an alternative and safe anticancer drug.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1981

For evaluating the cigarette smoke quality of nonblended and commercial cigarettes, four modified smoke quality indexes were deduced from considering the reactivity of the thiol group in cystine (SH value) with the cigarette smoke constituents, and from the maximum limited contents of tar. nicotine, and carbon monoxide for the less harmful cigarettes. These results were discussed with respect to correlation coefficients between the indexes and tar/nicotine ratio which had been known reliable for smoke quality evaluation. Among the three indexes, the SH/[(N/O.6) +($\frac{C+T}{8}$)] index was found to be the most reliable and applicable.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

Building demolition and blasting work in urban areas has a possibility which has an effect on the structural stability of nearby structures. In this study, the compressive strength and chemical composition of decrepit concrete materials were estimated by Schmidt rebound test and XRD phase analysis. The damage index of the concrete materials was calculated by measured P-wave velocities. It was revealed that the constituents of the concrete materials affect on the compressive strength. The damage index decreases with increasing compressive strength and decreasing impact energy.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.445-449
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• 2005

Various methods to detect the phytoplankton/red tide blooms in the oceanic waters have been developed and tested on satellite ocean color imagery since the last two and half decades, but accurate detection of blooms with these methods remains challenging in optically complex turbid waters, mainly because of the eventual interference of absorbing and scattering properties of dissolved organic and particulate inorganic matters with these methods. The present study introduces a new method called Red tide Index (Rl), providing indices which behave as a good measure of detecting red tide algal blooms in high scattering and absorbing waters of the Korean South Sea and Yellow Sea. The effectiveness of this method in identifying and locating red tides is compared with the standard Ocean Chlorophyll 4 (OC4) bio-optical algorithm applied to SeaWiFS ocean imagery, acquired during two bloom episodes on 27 March 2002 and 28 September 2003. The result revealed that OC4 bio-optical algorithm falsely identifies red tide blooms in areas abundance in colored dissolved organic and particulate inorganic matter constituents associated with coastal areas, estuaries and river mouths, whereas red tide index provides improved capability of detecting, predicting and monitoring of these blooms in both clear and turbid waters.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.447-461
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• 2006

Here, the axisymmetric free flexural vibrations and thermal stability behaviors of functionally graded spherical caps are investigated employing a three-noded axisymmetric curved shell element based on field consistency approach. The formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory and it includes the in-plane and rotary inertia effects. The material properties are graded in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the constituents of the material. The effective material properties are evaluated using homogenization method. A detailed numerical study is carried out to bring out the effects of shell geometries, power law index of functionally graded material and base radius-to-thickness on the vibrations and buckling characteristics of spherical shells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2008

Three phenolic glycosides, gastrodin (1), parishin (2), and parishin B (3) were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of Gastrodia elata (Orchidaseae) by medium pressure liquid chromatography. Their chemical structures were identified by the interpretation of their spectral data and direct comparison with literature values. Gastrodin and parishin were isolated as the major constituents in G. elata. Gastrodin may be a suitable index component for quality control of G. elata.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1997

The diets with three types of triterpenoid constituents, which were isolated from Lactuca indica, provoked significant changes of serum lipoprotein-cholesterol meta bolisms of hypercholesterolemic rats induced by high-cholesterol diet, together with the reduction of atherogenic index. Especially, triterpene acetates which have triterpene moieties such as ${\beta}-amyrin$, ${\alpha}-amyrin$, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, taraxasterol and germanicol showed a considerable hypocholesterolemic activity. The rat given orally with triterpene acetates did not exhibit a significantly higher value of atherogenic index than that of normal rats.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 1992

The membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a number of pigments that can act as endogenous sensitizers to produce activated oxygen species, most efficiently in blue light, which, in turn, attack functional targets in membranes. Therefore, intense blue light from the sun can exert various adverse effects on the functional and structural integrity of the membranes: one of the biochemical events of these negative effects could be the oxidative degradation of the unsaturated fatty acid constituents of membrane polar lipid. It may be assumed that as a strategy to avoid the light induced fatty acid degradation in membranes plant cells, responding to high intensity blue light, change the fatty acid compositions of membrane lipid in such that more-unsaturated fatty acid constituents are replaced by lessunsaturated fatty acid constituents. The results obtained in the present study, most importantly the measurements of double bond index of membrane polar lipid in concert with other measurements such as light quaility-dependent membrane peroxidation and the activities of membrane-bound proteins, seem to support this assumption.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composted liquid manure (CLM) on soil properties and turf quality of zoysiagrass. The CLMs were produced at 5 facilities for livestock excretions treatments located in Cheongwon, Gunwi, Iksan, Nonsan, and Yeoju in Korea, respectively. Field experiments were conducted at 5 golf courses and a sod farm located near each facility for livestock excretion treatments. Chemical fertilizer (CF) with N at $12g\;m^{-2}year^{-1}$ and CLMs were applied four times, respectively. The constituents of the different CLMs were variable based on when and where the fertilizer was produced. Soil K content significantly increased when the soil was treated with CLMs. The soil treated with CF showed a higher content of total P than that treated with CLM. CF and CLMs treatments significantly increased the turf color index compared with control. Tiller density and shoot dry weight of fertilized plots were also higher than those of non-fertilized plots. However, there was no significant difference in turf color index and tiller density among plots treated by CLMs or CF. The results of this study demonstrated that CLMs could be a substitute for CF.