• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.601-607
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• 2011

Let D be an integral domain, X be an indeterminate over D, and D[X] be the polynomial ring over D. We show that D is an almost weakly factorial PvMD if and only if D + XDS[X] is an integrally closed almost GCD-domain for each (saturated) multiplicative subset S of D, if and only if $D+XD_1[X]$ is an integrally closed almost GCD-domain for any t-linked overring $D_1$ of D, if and only if $D_1+XD_2[X]$ is an integrally closed almost GCD-domain for all t-linked overrings $D_1{\subseteq}D_2$ of D.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2021

Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K, X an indeterminate over D, ∗ a star operation on D, and Cl∗ (D) be the ∗-class group of D. The ∗w-operation on D is a star operation defined by I∗w = {x ∈ K | xJ ⊆ I for a nonzero finitely generated ideal J of D with J∗ = D}. In this paper, we study two star operations {∗} and [∗] on D[X] defined by A{∗} = ∩P∈∗w-Max(D) ADP [X] and A[∗] = (∩P∈∗w-Max(D) AD[X]P[X]) ∩ AK[X]. Among other things, we show that Cl∗(D) ≅ Cl[∗](D[X]) if and only if D is integrally closed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.427-437
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• 2023

The objective of this work is to study the wave propagation of an FGM plate via a new integral inverse shear model with temperature-dependent material properties. In this contribution, a new model based on a high-order theory field of displacement is included by introducing indeterminate integral variables and inverse co-tangential functions for the presentation of shear stress. The temperature-dependent properties of the FGM plate are assumed mixture of metal and ceramic, and its properties change by the power functions of the thickness of the plate. By applying Hamilton's principle, general formulas of wave propagation were obtained to plot the phase velocity curves and wave modes of the FGM plate with simply supported edges. The effects of the temperature and volume fraction by distributions on wave propagation of the FGM plate are investigated in detail. The results of the dispersion and the phase velocity curves of the propagation wave in the functionally graded plate are compared with previous research.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2023

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, X be an indeterminate over R, and R[X] be the polynomial ring over R. In this paper, we study when R[X] is a radically principal ideal ring. We also study the t-operation analog of a radically principal ideal domain, which is said to be t-compactly packed. Among them, we show that if R is an integrally closed domain, then R[X] is t-compactly packed if and only if R is t-compactly packed and every prime ideal Q of R[X] with Q ∩ R = (0) is radically principal.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

Purpose: Ultrasonography and $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography were validated as useful diagnostic tools for primary breast cancer. However, ultrasound has the problem of low specificity. We compared the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound with $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study included 174 patients who had ultrasound and $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography peformed on breast masses from 1999 to 2000. The pathologic results were obtained by surgery or FNAB. Results: Among the 174 patients, malignant breast disease numbered 117 and benign breast disease numbered 57. Ultrasound revealed 88 TP, 9 FN, 8 FP, 34 TN, and 35 indeterminate cases. $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography revealed 91 TP, 25 FN, 9 FP, and 48 TN. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Ultrasound were 66.7%, 44.2%, 67.2%, and 43.6% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography were 77.8%, 84.2%, 91%, and 64.9% respectively. Among the 35 indeterminate ultrasound cases, $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography revealed 13 TP, 15 TN, and 7 FP Conclusion: $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ Scintimammography was more sensitive and specific than ultrasound for the detection of primary breast cancer and provided more useful information in cases of indeterminate ultrasound findings.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2016

The failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams is governed by the mechanical relationships between the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, load and support conditions, and material properties. In this study, two simple indeterminate strut-tie models which can reflect all characteristics of the failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams were proposed. The proposed models are effective for the beams with shear span-to-effective depth ratio of less than 3. For each model, a load distribution ratio, defined as the fraction of load transferred by a truss mechanism, is also proposed to help structural designers perform the rational design of the beams by using the strut-tie model approaches of current design codes. In the determination of the load distribution ratios, the effect of the primary design variables including shear span-to-effective depth ratio, flexural reinforcement ratio, and compressive strength of concrete was reflected through numerous material nonlinear analysis of the proposed indeterminate strut-tie models. In the companion paper, the validity of the proposed models and load distribution ratios was examined by applying them to the evaluation of the failure strength of 335 reinforced concrete beams tested to failure by others.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and limitation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QTB) for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in children. Methods : The medical records of 112 children who were tested by tuberculin skin test (TST) and QTB for detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) in Eulji General Hospital during the period from January 2007 to June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Results : Of the 112 participants, the clinical TB group included 15 (13.4%), the contact group included 43 (38.4%), and the non-contact group included 54 (48.2%). Positive rates of TST and QTB were 100% and 80% in the clinical TB group, 64% and 14% in the close contact group, 27% and 0% in the casual contact group, and 52% and 2% in the non-contact group, respectively. Sensitivity of QTB was 80.0% and specificity was 92.6%. Agreement between QTB and TST was poor ($\kappa$=0.209). We also confirmed that the positive rate of QTB increased as the age of the patient increased (P=0.011). A QTB indeterminate result was observed in 11 (9.8%) subjects. QTB was retested in 15 subjects. In 5 of the 6 subjects who had positive results initially, positive results persisted for a median 2.2 months after termination of treatment. Conclusion : Although QTB was associated with several problems, including low sensitivity and a high rate of indeterminate results, it had clinical importance due to its high specificity. We found good correlation with regard to exposure and QTB positivity, including that of young children under 5 years of age. However, clinical application of interferon-$\gamma$ releasing assay for young children for diagnosis of active and latent tuberculosis will require additional prospective studies.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

Purpose: There are few studies evaluating the usefulness of dedicated high-resolution scintimammography and no studies using delayed washout with this dedicated high resolution scintimammography for the evaluation of breast lesions. We underwent this study to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Tc-99m MIBI in evaluating patients with palpable breast lesions using dedicated high-resolution scintimammography. Materials and Methods: This study included 19 patients with 23 palpable breast lesions who underwent mammography. Tc-99m MIBI was taken to further characterize these lesions. Scintimammography images were acquired with standard craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views and delayed images were additionally taken. Final conclusions were based on histopathology, either by biopsy or mastectomy results. Results: Eighteen lesions were malignant and five were benign. Mammography was indeterminate for thirteen lesions, nine of those were malignant. Mammography also categorized one lesion as benign in a dense breast, but scintimammography and pathology results showed malignancy. Of the five benign lesions, two were visible on scintimammography, but delayed images showed washout. Conclusion: Based on our preliminary results, dedicated high resolution scintimammography seems to be very useful in characterizing palpable lesions that were indeterminate or negative on mammography.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.857-863
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• 2012

In this study, tailor-welded blanks(TWB) were formed between high-strength steel(SABC1470) and cold rolled steels(SPFH590 and SPFC980) to improve passenger safety and reduce the weight of cars. Multi-material TWB specimens were highly strengthened through the heat treatment of SABC1470. The change in tensile strength caused by the stand-by time until water cooling after stamping and the deformation behavior of high-speed bending in a statically indeterminate condition such as in the center-pillar were evaluated. Multi-material TWB specimens that were heat-treated at the same temperature tended to show a decrease in tensile and yield strength, depending on the stand-by time until water cooling. On the other hand, Multi-material TWB specimens(SABC1470+SPFH590) that were heat treated at $850^{\circ}C$ showed good properties that were suitable for ensuring passenger safety in car accidents. From the viewpoint of passenger safety, it is best to use SABC1470 and SPFH590 in the upper and lower area of the center-pillar, respectively.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.135-155
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• 2013

Corporate primary goal has shifted from profit-orientation toward broader socially motivated perspectives, over the recent year. According to this phenomena, extensive research have been conducted to assess the empirical association between CSR and firm value. However, the results of previous studies are largely indeterminate which are attributed to the ignoring various indeterminate variables between CSR and firm value. Specifically, the purpose of this paper verifies the empirical association between CSR and firm value with considering capital constraint as core moderator variable by using structural equation modeling(SEM). Main results of this paper are as follows. We find that firms with better CSR performance face lower capital constraint and capital constraint is significantly related to firm value in negative direction, also. The result suggest that better CSR performance is associated with superior stakeholder engagement, in turn, CSR initiatives leads to firm value creation. Also, the capital constraint still remain positive to firm value even if capital constraint is considered moderator variables. Our findings implicated that CSR literatures should consider moderator variables, such as capital constraint, which could be affected firm value.