• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-68
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• 2018

This study is focused on viewing the March 1st Movement, a national movement uprisen nationwide during the Japanese occupation period, and women's independence movement from an angle of worldpeace. The March 1st Movement was held nationwide when our national sovereignty was lost, and it can be defined as a form of peace movement in view of world history. Particularly, the March 1st Movement was the people's independence movement without distinction of class, region and sex. The direction of national independence and freedom implied in the independence movement during that time period needs to be interpreted newly in view of world peace. Firstly, the urgent task to complete during that period was to accomplish independence in view of the times and the national people, and it was a form of peace movement. Secondly, the women who participated in the March 1st Movement changed into spontaneous participants or activists for the national independence movement and, thereafter, continued a history of women's independence movement of Korea. Lastly, the March 1st Movement became widespread domestically and to foreign countries such as China, Japan, Russia, Europe and America, so that its spirit of freedom and peace appealed to the weak countries in Asia. Furthermore, it worked as a spiritual support for the independence movement of Korea. As mentioned above, the March 1st Movement needs to be newly understood in view of world peace, and, out of that movement, Korean women's independence movement deserves a highlight as a peace movement stream in the world history of women.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.155-175
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• 2013

Meantime there has been a tendency to keep silent about the role of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora which contributed to the spirit of independence and the realization of country foundation ideology in the official history of Latin America. In some countries, although the collective resistance of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora, which intended to establish a liberal and equal society resisting against slavery and colonization system, was the foundation of independence and the establishment of a new country, their contribution has been difficult to leave an official trace in Caucasian criollo-centered history system. Along with the development of Hcienda in 17th Century, black slaves' collective resistance was developed mainly with el Virreinato de la Nueva Granada, the center of the Independence movement of Brazil and South America. The black people who escaped resisting against slavery formed communities and developed organized activities through various politics and social activities. However, such communities were mostly dispersed or destroyed by the colonial power, and the collective resistance of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora lost life. On the other side, in case of Colombia, a community of escaped black slaves which was formed in the early 17th Century is solely remaining in Latin America, moreover, Afro-Ibero America Diaspora's struggle for liberty and equality became the foundation for Comuneros revolution and Independence movement in the late 18th Century. Comuneros revolution which occurred in 1781 awoke self-awareness of liberty and equality, and became an ideological base for independence movement based on revolutional republicanism and philosophy of enlightenment. It is considered that South America's independence movement lead by $Sim{\acute{o}}n$ Boívar was a history that could not have started without historical base of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora's resistance against colonization system. Therefore, this study intends to discuss the role and achievement of Afro-Ibero America Diaspora in the process of independence of Latin America mainly with Colombia, which is the center of Independence movement of South America. Through this process, this study intends to revaluate historical contribution of Afro-Ibero America which has been relatively neglected meanwhile in the process of independence and the establishment of country.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.593-618
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• 2021

This study is to investigate the contents and bibliography through data collection and data release produced in the Gwangju Student Independence Movement and the activities of the Reading Association, and to propose an efficient management plan for the formation of the Reading Association archive. This study was conducted using literature research and visits to institutions and organizations related to the independence movement, data research, and interviews. The results of the study were presented the significance of the Gwangju Student Independence Movement, three occurrences, the number of participating schools and students, the organization and activities of the reading society, the type of participation in the Independence Movement, the record information of the Gwangju Student Independence Movement, the characteristics of the records information resources, the current status of the management of records and information resources, a collection system and archiving of records and information resources, and the expected effect and utilization plan were presented.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2023

This study identifies 164 Korean medicine practitioners among the independence activists and describes the types and characteristics of their independence movements. Their occupations included apothecary pharmacist, herbalist, and medicine dealer. They originated from Gyeongbuk, Hamnam, Pyeongnam, and Gyeongnam, with a higher proportion of Hamnams compared to independence fighters. Their ages are concentrated in the 30s and 40s. Their movements are similar to those of independence heroes, in the order of domestic resistance, the March 1 Movement, and Manchurian resistance. The crimes are Security Law, Exorcism No. 7 of the 8th Reign of Daejeong, Public Order Maintenance Law, and attempted murder. In terms of sentences, the proportion of those sentenced to five years or more in prison is higher, and the proportion of those sentenced to less is lower. The above independence movements in Korean medicine practitioners are characterized by (1) the use of direct force, (2) long-term and planned struggle, (3) the provision of contact points and funding sources, (4) a nationalist line, and (5) low socialist-communist share.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

This is a qualitative study conducted to understand and explain the experience of nursing students' exploring historic sites of independence movement overseas. The study's participants were 24 nursing students in the first and second graders who participated in a program to explore the historic sites of independence movement overseas at a college in C County, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The data collection period was from December 23, 2017 to December 25, 2017. The data collection was carried out in an open self-reporting process, and the collected data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method of Krippendorff[13]. Based on the analysis of the experience of nursing students' exploring historic sites of independence movement overseas 19 sub-theme, 10 themes, and 4 categories were derived. The four categories are "Our History Represented in the wake of the independence movement", "Footprint projected of an independent activist ", " Rage Boiling But Hope Remaining", "blooming patriotism through reflection". The results of this study provided an understanding of nursing students' experience in exploring the historical sites of independence movement and have shown that nursing students had the opportunity to recognize the history of independence movements, inspire patriotism and reflect on their attitude as nurses. In addition, institutional efforts and resources should be supported to address the lack of policies on the preservation of the historic sites for independence movements overseas, which are dependent on the private sector.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.455-467
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of Korean women nurses in the independence movement and to examine their activities during the Japanese occupation from 1910 to 1945. Methods: Nurses studied were women nurses referred to as Ganhowon, Ganhobu, Gyeonseupganhobu, Sanpa, and Josanbu at that time. Five participants such as descendents or relatives of nurses who participated in independence movements, were selected for interview to provide oral historical materials. An historical research approach was used and all of the data were analyzed according to period, region, and pattern of the independence movement. Results: Throughout the historical literature and oral historical materials, it was found that from 1914 to 1945, thirty-eight women nurses actively participated in various types of independence activities such as mass hurrah demonstrations, raise the spirit of war, red cross activities, enlightenment movement and armed struggle to encourage the public to stand up against Japanese imperialism locally and abroad. Conclusion: The findings indicate that women nurses, as enlightened women, endeavored to solve social issues with their autonomous volition, and these action can serve as meaningful evidence for enhancing the social status of nurses.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.55
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• pp.155-184
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• 2020

This paper aims to reveal the merits and demerits of the exhibition by examining whether the subject intended at the exhibition planning stage was finally persuasively implemented throughout the work and exhibition, along with the theoretical verification of the way the exhibition dealing with the history of the women's independence movement from the psychoanalytic feminist point of view. To this end, a more fundamental approach to the theme of the Women's Independence Movement calls for the search for a feminine language that can capture women's unique identity rather than a masculine language such as the existing independence movement exhibition method, and for finding such feminine language, a feminine speech, art and poetic language, maternal genealogy, and women's solidarity are presented, along with theories. This paper, which expounds the role of art works in exhibitions dealing with history through theoretical verification of actual exhibition cases, has significance as communication between theory and field.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2023

Due to Japanese imperialism's invasion of Korea and the policy of exterminating national culture, many independence activists from Korean medicine participated in the Manchurian Independence Army activities and the fight for freedom. Kang Woo-kyu, who threw a bomb at the governor-General of Korea on September 2, 1919, can be cited as a leader who learned East Asian medicine. Kim Kwanje, who organized a secret organization by opening an East Asian medicine clinic in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, was involved in the struggle of the medical corps while working as a medical student. He is accused of providing a shelter by treating members of the Uiryeoldan. In 1919, the Manchurian Independence Army unit, which launched the March 1st Movement armed struggle, was established, and those who served as military doctors in various organizations can be found. Park Se-jung, who participated as an independent soldier at the age of 47, treated wounded soldiers and patients as a military doctor. A branch office was also created by raising military funds and participating in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Jang Hyong was able to raise independent military funds, campaign for the provisional government's independence petition, and lecture across the country mostly disguised as an East Asian medicine doctor, which led to several imprisonments for "fraud charges under the guise of similar medical practices".

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.19
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• pp.27-40
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• 1979

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

Shin Hong-Gyun and his family have been in medicine for many generations as Korean Medical Doctors (KMDs). In 1919 when Shin Hong-Gyun was participating in an independence movement in Jang-Baek-Hyun, his younger brother Shin Dong-Gyun was killed by Japanese military police forces. This tragic incident triggered Shin Hong-Gyun to establish an army for national independence called , holding 200 young men, to serve in armed struggle against the Japanese Government with Kim Jung-Geon in May, 1920. In March 1933, Shin Hong-Gyun, as a military surgeon, led his men to the Korean Independence Army to fight a battle. Once he became a member of the Korean Independence Army, he, in fact, participated in few battles: Sadohaja, Dong-Kyung-Sung, Deajeonjayeong. Daejeonjayeong was a waypoint that the Japanese military needed to pass through in order to reach the Wangcheong area. Shin Hong-Gyun's independence forces had to endure painful starvation and heavy rain while hiding in ambush for long periods of time until the Japanese military would appear. Due to its summer rainy season, rainwater overflowed into their trenches and was filled up to the waist. Even worse, food stockpiles were low and the Japanese army did not appear for longer time. Shin Hong-Gyun's entire team suffered severe hunger and extreme cold. At this critical moment, Shin Hong-Gyun used his expertise as a KMD to find edible black mushrooms that grow wild in the mountains and use them to feed his men. This event led to the victory of the independence army at the battle of Daejeonjayeong. The purpose of the paper is to inform and highlight the forgotten history of Shin Hong-Gyun who was, both, a Korean Medical Doctor and a military surgeon.