• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1165-1177
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• 2020

Objective: To assess the feasibility of applying a deep learning-based denoising technique to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) along with iterative reconstruction for additional noise reduction. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 82 consecutive patients (male:female = 60:22; mean age, 67.0 ± 10.8 years) who had undergone both CCTA and invasive coronary artery angiography from March 2017 to June 2018. All included patients underwent CCTA with iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE level 3, Siemens Healthineers). We developed a deep learning based denoising technique (ClariCT.AI, ClariPI), which was based on a modified U-net type convolutional neural net model designed to predict the possible occurrence of low-dose noise in the originals. Denoised images were obtained by subtracting the predicted noise from the originals. Image noise, CT attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were objectively calculated. The edge rise distance (ERD) was measured as an indicator of image sharpness. Two blinded readers subjectively graded the image quality using a 5-point scale. Diagnostic performance of the CCTA was evaluated based on the presence or absence of significant stenosis (≥ 50% lumen reduction). Results: Objective image qualities (original vs. denoised: image noise, 67.22 ± 25.74 vs. 52.64 ± 27.40; SNR [left main], 21.91 ± 6.38 vs. 30.35 ± 10.46; CNR [left main], 23.24 ± 6.52 vs. 31.93 ± 10.72; all p < 0.001) and subjective image quality (2.45 ± 0.62 vs. 3.65 ± 0.60, p < 0.001) improved significantly in the denoised images. The average ERDs of the denoised images were significantly smaller than those of originals (0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 0.09 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). With regard to diagnostic accuracy, no significant differences were observed among paired comparisons. Conclusion: Application of the deep learning technique along with iterative reconstruction can enhance the noise reduction performance with a significant improvement in objective and subjective image qualities of CCTA images.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 복합 레진을 이용한 2급/5급 와동의 직접수복에 있어서 치과의사의 성별에 따른 술식의 차이를 비교하였다. 2008년 대한치과의사협회에 등록된 치과의사 12,193명을 대상으로 이 메일을 통한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 메일 수신이 확인된 2,632명 중 840명이 응답하였으며 응답자의 남녀 비율은(남 78.9%, 여 21.1%) 전체 치과의사의 남녀 비율과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). Chi-square test 와 multiple logistic regression analysis 를 이용하여 남녀간 술식의 차 이를 검증하였다. 2급 와동 수복에서 여자치과의사는 4회 이상의 적층 분할 수복을 하는 경향이 남자치과의사에 비해 1.87배 높았으며, 술식 당 30분 이상 소요하는 경향은 2.72배 높았다(p < 0.05). 5급 와동 수복에서 여자치과의사는 베이스를 사용하는 경향이 1.83배 높았으며, 술식 당 20분 이상 소요하는 경향은 1.63배 높았다(p < 0.05). 본 설문조사에 따르면 남녀 성별에 따라 복합 레진 수복 술식의 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

현대 전투기는 정안정성 완화 개념을 적용하여 기동성과 성능을 향상시키는데, 천음속 비행영역에서는 충격파 형성과 더불어 감속기동 중 발생하는 공력중심 전방이동 현상에 의해 갑작스런 기수 들림이 발생하는 경향을 갖는다. 또한 천음속 중간 받음각 비행영역은 항공기 모델링이 어려워 모델 기반의 제어 방식은 이 문제를 해결하는데 한계를 갖는다. 이번 논문에서는 초음속 경전투기 모델을 이용하여 천음속 영역에서 감속선회 기동 중 모델 기반 증분형 동적 모델역변환 방식의 천음속 피칭모멘트 보상 제어(TPMC)와 모델과 센서를 기반으로 하는 Hybrid 증분형 동적모델 역변환(IDI) 제어의 성능을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, Hybrid 증분형 동적모델 역변환 제어는 천음속 피칭모멘트 보상 제어에 비해 빠른 초기 반응과 동등한 최대 수직가속도 제한 성능을 가지면서 조종사가 예측 가능한 비행성을 제공하여 천음속 중간 받음각 비행영역에서 하중제한 초과 방지 제어기의 성능을 크게 개선하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

Inelastic static pushover analysis has been used in the academic-research widely for seismic analysis of structures. Nowadays, the variety pushover analysis methods have been developed, including Modal pushover, Adaptive pushover, and Cyclic pushover, in which some weaknesses of the conventional pushover method have been rectified. In the conventional pushover analysis method, the effects of cumulative growth of cracks are not considered on the reduction of strength and stiffness of RC members that occur during earthquake or cyclic loading. Therefore, the Cyclic Pushover Analysis Method (CPA) has been proposed. This method is a powerful technique for seismic evaluation of regular reinforced concrete buildings in which the first mode of them is dominant. Since the bridges have different structures than buildings, their results cannot necessarily be attributed to bridges, and more research is needed. In this study, a cyclic pushover analysis with four loading protocols (suggested by valid references) by the Opensees software was conducted for seismic evaluation of two regular reinforce concrete bridges. The modeling method was validated with the comparison of the analytical and experimental results under both cyclic and dynamic loading. The failure mode of the piers was considered in two-mode of flexural failure and also a flexural-shear failure. Along with the cyclic analysis, conventional analysis has been studied. Also, the nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method has been used to examine and compare the results of pushover analyses. The time history of 20 far-field earthquake records was used to conduct IDA. After analysis, the base shear vs. displacement in the middle of the deck was drawn. The obtained results show that the cyclic pushover analysis method is able to evaluate an accurate seismic behavior of the reinforced concrete piers of the bridges. Based on the results, the cyclic pushover has proper convergence with IDA. Its accuracy was much higher than the conventional pushover, in which the bridge piers failed in flexural-shear mode. But, in the flexural failure mode, the results of each two pushover methods were close approximately. Besides, the cyclic pushover method with ACI loading protocol, and ATC-24 loading protocol, can provided more accurate results for evaluating the seismic investigation of the bridges, specially if the bridge piers are failed in flexural-shear failure mode.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

본 연구는 군산 새만금지역의 점성토를 소성지수 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%가 되도록 벤초나이트를 첨가한 인공의 시료를 이용하여 하중재하기간을 1일, 2일, 4일, 8일 등으로 달리한 표준압밀시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 인천, 광양, 울산지역의 불교란 시료에 대한 압밀시험도 같이 수행하여 소성지수와 압밀하중재하기간이 2차 압밀에 어떤 영향이 있는지를 밝혔다. 그리고 각 소성지수에 따른 하중과 침하특성, 압밀계수특성, 압축지수 및 2차 압축지수특성, 간극수압특성을 밝히고 압축지수, 압밀계수, 2차 압축지수 등을 소성지수, 하중에 관하여 정식화하였다. 또한 정식화한 식을 이용한 1차 및 2차 압밀침하량 예측결과와 탄소성 구성모델인 수정 Cam-Clay모델과 탄 점소성 모델인 Sekiguchi모델을 이용한 예측결과를 모형시험 결과와 같이 비교하였다. 그 결과, 2차 압밀특성을 고려한 Sekiguchi모델이 매우 정도 높게 결과를 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2017

Pressure hulls of submerged structures are generally designed as circular cylinders, spheres or cones with form of axisymmetric shell of revolution to withstand the high external pressure of deep ocean. The compressive buckling (implosion) due to hydrostatic pressure is the main concern of structural design of pressure hull and many design codes are provided for it. It is well-known that the buckling behavior of thin shell of revolution is very sensitive to the initial geometric imperfections introduced during the construction process of cutting and welding. Hence, the theoretical solutions for thin shells with perfect geometry often provide much higher buckling pressures than the measured data in tests or real structures and more precise structural analysis techniques are prerequisite for the safe design of pressure hulls. So this paper dealt with various buckling pressure estimation techniques for unstiffened circular cylinder under hydrostatic pressure conditions. The empirical design equations, eigenvalue analysis technique for critical pressure and collapse behaviors of thin cylindrical shells by the incremental nonlinear FE analysis were applied. Finally all the obtained results were compared with those of the pressure chamber test for the aluminium models. The pros and cons of each techniques were discussed and the most rational approach for the implosion of circular cylinder was recommended.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제11권4호통권41호
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• pp.417-424
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 3차원 강뼈대구조물의 비선형 해석 기법을 개발하였다. 본 해석은 재료적 비선형과 기하학적 비선형을 고려하였다. 재료적 비선형으로 휨에 의한 점진적인 소성화를 고려하였다. 기하학적 비선형으로 $P-{\delta}$와 $P-{\Delta}$ 효과를 고려하였다. 절점에서의 재료적 비선형성은 여러개의 화이버로 구성되어 있는 P-M 힌지 개념을 사용함으로써 고려하였다. 기하학적 비선형성은 안정함수 (Stability function)를 사용하여 고려하였다. 단 전단과 비틀림에 의해 발생하는 비선형형은 고려하지 않았다. 수치해석법으로는 수정변위증가법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 해석방법으로 예측된 하중-변위가 다른 해석기법의 결과들과 잘 일치하였다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 개선된 degenerated 쉘 유한요소의 탄소성 및 기하학적 비선형 해석에의 적용성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 개선된 degenerated 쉘요소는 shear locking 해결에 우수한 결과를 보인 가정된 전단변형도를 대치사용하고, membrance locking 현상을 제거하기위해 평면내 변형도의 구성시 감차적분을 행하며, 쉘요소 자체의 거동을 보완하기위해 비적합변위형을 선택적으로 추가하였다. 본 요소는 shear/membrance locking이 발생하지 않으며, 전달가능한 거짓 영에너지모드도 나타나지않는다. 소성변형 정형화에서는 적층모델을 사용하며, 재료는 von Mises항복조건을 따른다고 가정한다. 유한변형을 고려한 기하학적 비선형 방정식을 total lagrangian수식화를 사용하여 정형화 하였고, 비선형 방정식은 하중제어 및 변위제어법을 사용한 Newton-Raphson 반복법으로 반복 계산한다. 여러 예제해석을 통하여 본 개선된 degenerated 쉘 유한요소의 정확도를 고찰하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2006

In most of automobile body panel manufacturing, trimming process is generally performed before flanging. To find feasible trimming line is crucial in obtaining accurate edge profile after flanging. Section-based method develops blank along manually chosen section planes and find trimming line by generating loop of end points. This method suffers from inaccurate results of edge profile. On the other hand, simulation-based method can produce more accurate trimming line by iterative strategy. In this study, new fast simulation-based method to find feasible trimming line is proposed. Finite element inverse method is used to analyze the flanging process because final shape after flanging can be explicitly defined and most of strain paths are simple in flanging. In utilizing finite element inverse method, the main obstacle is the initial guess generation for general mesh. Robust initial guess generation method is developed to handle genera] mesh with very different size and undercut. The new method develops final triangular mesh incrementally onto the drawing tool surface. Also in order to remedy mesh distortion during development, energy minimization technique is utilized. Trimming line is extracted from the outer boundary after finite element inverse method simulation. This method has many advantages since trimming line can be obtained in the early design stage. The developed method is verified by shrink/stretch flange forming and successfully applied to the complex industrial applications such as door outer flanging process.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1865-1877
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• 2013

Vertical variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in $PM_{10}$ were investigated in order to assess the factors controlling their behavior in the urban atmosphere of Bangkok City, Thailand. Air samples were collected every three hours for three days at three different levels at Bai-Yok Suit Hotel (site-1 and site-2) and Bai-Yok Sky Hotel (site-3) in February $18^{th}-21^{st}$, 2008. The B[a]P concentration showed a value 0.54 fold, lower than the United Kingdom Expert Panel on Air Quality Standard (UK-EPAQS; i.e. 250 pg $m^{-3}$) at the top level. In contrast, the B[a]P concentrations exhibited, at the ground and middle level, values 1.50 and 1.43 times higher than the UK-EPAQS standard respectively. PAHs displayed a diurnal variation with maximums at night time because of the traffic rush hour coupled with lower nocturnal mixing layer, and the decreased wind speed, which consequently stabilized nocturnal boundary layer and thus enhanced the PAH contents around midnight. By applying Nielsen's technique, the estimated traffic contributions at Site-3 were higher than those of Site-1: about 10% and 22% for Method 1 and Method 2 respectively. These results reflect the more complicated emission sources of PAHs at ground level in comparison with those of higher altitudes. The average values of incremental individual lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for all sampling sites fell within the range of $10^{-7}-10^{-6}$, being close to the acceptable risk level ($10^{-6}$) but much lower than the priority risk level ($10^{-4}$).