• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

There is a lack of data on metabolic risk factors during pre-puberty, which is important for identifying the subgroups of youth, at whom early interventions should be targeted. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of metabolic risk factors and its subsequent relations with dietary patterns in Korean pre-pubertal children through a cross-sectional sample (n = 1,008; boys = 513) of pre-pubertal children (aged 8-9 years) from a sub-study of the Korea Metabolic Syndrome Research Initiatives (KMSRI) in Seoul, Korea. Measures of anthropometry and blood pressure as well as fasting blood samples were used in the analysis. A three-day food records were collected. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the age-adjusted National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. An added metabolic risk score was calculated for each subject by summing the quintile values of the five individual risk factors. Among the 5 risk components of metabolic syndrome, high waist circumference (WC) was the major factor (P < 0.001). A significant increasing trend of the added metabolic syndrome risk score was observed with the increase of WC (P (trend) < 0.001) among both genders. The cutoff point for high WC for pre-pubertal children was 61.3 cm for boys and 59.9 cm for girls. The prevalence of high triglyceride (TG) values was significantly higher in girls than it was in boys (P < 0.01). Girls in the highest quintile of balanced dietary pattern scores had lower TG values (P (trend) = 0.032) than did those in the lowest quintile. Moreover, girls in the highest quintile of western dietary pattern scores showed increasing trend for the added metabolic risk score (P (trend) = 0.026) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Adverse associations exist between western dietary patterns and the accumulation of metabolic risks among girls, not in boys, even during pre-puberty.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7759-7763
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• 2015

Background: Leukemia accounts for 8% of total cancer cases and involves all age groups with different prevalence and incidence rates in Iran and the entire world and causes a significant death toll and heavy expenses for diagnosis and treatment processes. This study was done to evaluate epidemiology and morphology of blood cancer during 2003-2008. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out based on re-analysis of the Cancer Registry Center report of the Health Deputy in Iran during a 6-year period (2003 - 2008). Statistical analysis for incidence time trends and morphology change percentage was performed with joinpoint regression analysis using the software Joinpoint Regression Program. Results: During the studied years a total of 18,353 hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system cancers were recorded. Chi square test showed significant difference between sex and morphological types of blood cancer (P-value<0.001). Joinpoint analysis showed a significant increasing trend for the adjusted standard incidence rate (ASIR) for both sexes (P-value<0.05). Annual percent changes (APC) for women and men were 18.7 and 19.9, respectively. The most common morphological blood cancers were ALL, ALM, MM and CLL which accounted for 60% of total hematopoietic system cancers. Joinpoint analyze showed a significant decreasing trend for ALM in both sexes (P-value<0.05). Conclusions: Hematopoietic system cancers in Iran demonstrate an increasing trend for incidence rate and decreasing trend for ALL, ALM and CLL morphology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3499-3503
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• 2015

Background: Cancer has become an epidemic disease. Nearly ten million new cancer cases are diagnosed annually in the world and out of these about half are from the developing world. To appropriately plan for treatment, management and prevention of the disease, it becomes necessary to study the trends about morbidity caused by cancers. Materials and Methods: Data for patients diagnosed with any form of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers was extracted from records maintained in the outpatient department registers of the Oncology Department of Government Medical College and Hospital in Chandigarh from 1999 to 2012. Trends were analysed for different categories of GI cancers for the period of 12 years. Results: In present study GI cancers accounted for 23 % of all registered cases (n-9603) of carcinomas. Males predominated for all GI cancers except in the gall bladder. Gastrointestinal cancers as a proportion of total cancers increased from 21% in 1999 to 25.9% in 2012 with a significant increasing trend in our series (${\chi}^2$ for linear trend=9.36, p<0.003). Cancers of the tonsil, oral cavity and pharynx taken together showed an increasing trend over the years (${\chi}^2$ for trend=55.2, p<0.001) whereas cancers of the lower GI (${\chi}^2=19.6$, p<0.0001) and gall bladder (${\chi}^2=19.5$, p<0.0001) showed a declining trend in our series. Conclusions: GI cancers form a significant proportion of all cancers reporting to our data. In depth studies to ascertain the reasons for the changing trends are required to design intervention programs. Further information is necessary from cancer registries and from the hospital records of oncology departments.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.936-942
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• 2015

국가위상 제고와 국내 발사체산업 발전에 따른 경제 발전을 위하여 우주발사서비스 시장진입은 필수적이다. 발사체 개발의 후발주자로써 시장에 효과적으로 진입하기 위해서는 시장의 트렌드를 정확하게 파악하고, 체계적인 시장진입전략을 수립하여야한다. 본 논문에서는 세계 우주발사서비스 시장의 3가지 핵심트렌드(고성능의 대형 우주발사체 수요 증가, 저가형 우주발사체 증가, Dual/Multi-Launch 증가)를 도출하고, 각 핵심트렌드에 대응하기 위한 전략의 우선순위를 쌍대비교분석법을 통해 평가하였다. 그 결과 모든 트렌드 하에서 발사체 신뢰성 확보 전략이 가장 중요하며, 고성능의 대형 우주발사체 수요 증가 트렌드 하에서는 정부 지원 전략이, 저가형 우주발사체 및 Dual/Multi-Launch 증가 트렌드 하에서는 가격 경쟁력 확보전략이 두 번째 우선순위를 보였다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

In the simulation output analysis, bootstrap method is an applicable resampling technique to insufficient data which are not significant statistically. The moving block bootstrap, the stationary bootstrap, and the threshold bootstrap are typical bootstrap methods to be used for autocorrelated time series data. They are nonparametric methods for stationary time series data, which correctly describe the original data. In the simulation output analysis, however, we may not use them because of the non-stationarity in the data set caused by the trend such as increasing or decreasing. In these cases, we can get rid of the trend by differencing the data, which guarantees the stationarity. We can get the bootstrapped data from the differenced stationary data. Taking a reverse transform to the bootstrapped data, finally, we get the pseudo-samples for the original data. In this paper, we introduce the applicability of bootstrap methods to the time series data having trend, and then verify it through the statistical analyses.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2018

The Platycodon grandiflorum (balloon flower) has been used as food material and traditional medicine in Asia. The roots have been used in traditional medicine to treat coughs, upper respiratory infections, and sore throats. Using 1,603 valid patents from 6 countries, we analyzed the patent trend based on year, countries, applicants, and technology. The technologies are categorized into 6 groups which include material, additives, manufacture, cultivation, breeding and seed. The technology competitiveness of countries were analyzed with quantitative factors such as cites per patent, patent impact index, patent family size and technology strength. In comparison with other countries in the patent index, South Korea shows an increasing trend in patent numbers and total leverage ability, although the individual technology is lower than Japan and USA. Our study provides information on technical trend to support the performance of new projects on balloon flower.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.2-32
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• 2017

Due to the increasing demand for convenience and simplicity, Home Meal Replacement (HMR) has become a key trend in the food service industry. This study researched the current consumer trend and analyzed the national and international HMR product trend, aiming to find useful insights for the field. Results showed that in order to expand the HMR market demand, it is possible to consider diversifying the product category by making customized premium products, such as products for the elderly, infants, patients, and sports players, or products with enhanced nutritional fortification. From the industrial aspect, centralization through Central Kitchen (CK) and implementation of the scientific and advanced ISO and HACCP system are necessary. Lastly, to develop high value-added HMR products, it is deemed essential to utilize the so-called 'food tech', the technology which integrates core technologies of the fourth industrial revolution into the food industry.

• 대기
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

In this study, trends of upper jet stream characteristics (intensity, altitude, latitude, and longitude) over the Asia-North Pacific region during the recent 30 (1979~2008) years were analyzed by using four reanalysis datasets (CFSR, ERA-Int., JRA-55, MERRA). We defined the characteristics of upper jet stream as the averages of mass weighted wind speed, mass-flux weighted altitude, latitude and longitude between 400 and 100 hPa. Due to the vertical averaging of jet stream characteristics, our results reveal a weaker spatial variabilities and trends than previous studies. In general, the four reanalysis datasets show similar jet stream properties (intensity, altitude, latitude and longitude) although the magnitude and trends are slightly different among the reanalysis datasets. The altitude of MERRA is slightly higher than that of others for all seasons. The domain averaged intensity shows a weakening trend except for winter and the altitude of jet stream shows an increasing trend for all seasons. Also, the meridional trend of jet core shows a poleward trend for all seasons but it shows a contrasting trend, poleward trend in the continental area but equatorward trend in the Western Pacific region during summer. The zonal trend of jet core is very weak but a relatively strong westward trend in jet core except for spring and winter. The trends of jet stream characteristics found in this study are thermodynamically consistent with the global warming trends observed in the Asia-Pacific region.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2008

연구배경: 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵은 전세계적으로 결핵 치료에 큰 위협으로 등장하고 있지만 이에 대한 국내의 정확한 실태 및 추이는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 일개 결핵병원에서 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵의 빈도 및 추이를 살펴봄으로써 국내 실태를 간접적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년부터 2005년 사이에 국립마산병원에 입원하여 배양양성 결핵으로 진단된 환자를 대상으로 약제 감수성검사 결과와 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 2001년부터 2005년 사이에, 다제내성결핵은 신환자에서 9.2%, 13.8%, 16.9%, 23%, 27.0%로 의미있게 증가하였고(p<0.001 for trend) 재치료환자에서 9.1%, 15.7%, 17.3%, 19.9%, 19.1%로 의미있게 증가하였다 (p=0.002 for trend). 광범위내성결핵은 신환자에서 0%, 2.3%, 3.1%, 2.5%, 6.3%로 의미있게 증가하였고(p=0.005 for trend) 재치료환자에서 9.1%, 15.7%, 17.3%, 19.9%, 19.1%로 의미있게 증가하였다(p<0.001 for trend). 결론: 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵은 신환자와 재치료환자 모두에서 증가하는 추이를 보였다. 국내의 정확한 실태 파악을 위하여 공공 및 민간의료기관을 포괄하는 통합적인 약제내성실태 조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.336-339
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• 2008

Monthly mean data of Angstrom exponent and Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) measurements over the East Asian waters were analyzed. Increasing trend of the satellite-derived Angstrom exponent was found over 1998-2006 while AOT mean was observed stable during the same period. Statistical test showed that annual increase in Angstrom exponent of about 0.01 is statistically significant over three study sub-areas out of six surrounding waters of Japan. Comparison with Aqua/MODIS-derived Angstrom exponent time series over June 2002 through June 2008 showed consistent correlation, with similar statistical significance. The trend of Angstrom exponent was interpreted as increase in fraction of small aerosol particles to give quantitative estimates on the variability of aerosols. The mean increase is evaluated to be about +0.35%/yr or more in terms of the contribution of small particles to the total AOT, or sub-micron fraction (SMF).