• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of gradually increasing treadmill inclination on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of stroke patients during gait training. Methods: Three stroke patients who were diagnosed with stroke within six months and capable of walking on a treadmill were selected as subjects. EEG electrodes were attached at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, and P4 positions of the cerebral hemispheres using the International 10-20 system. The intervention involved walking for 2 minutes each at 0 degrees, 15 degrees, and 30 degrees inclination on the treadmill while focusing on a target point located in front during the treadmill gait training. The EEG (Smartingmobi, Serbia) generated when the treadmill gradient gradually increased was measured. In addition, relative alpha and relative beta waves were visualized through the Brain mapping program in the TeleScan program to assess the changes in each brain region for the activity of the EEG. Results: The relative alpha wave value decreased as treadmill inclination increased, while the relative beta wave value increased. Conclusion: Gradually increasing the inclination during treadmill gait training appears to be a crucial parameter for increasing the brain activity levels of stroke patients.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

Recently, BIM has become mandatory in the construction field, research on various use cases is increasing. In particular, when virtual reality technology, one of the core technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, and BIM are combined, it can be used in various fields such as preliminary design review and construction simulation. Until now, however, virtual reality grafting technology is only used as a simple prototype or as a model house. Also, it is difficult to activate virtual construction because it is expensive to produce high-quality virtual reality contents. Therefore, in this paper, in order to increase the utilization and quality of the virtual construction field, a study was conducted to shorten the material mapping time, which takes a lot of time when producing virtual reality contents using BIM. To this end, object properties were assigned to enable material mapping in the BIM model, and materials most used in the construction field were configured, and automated material function development and final tests were conducted that automatically map properties and materials. For the test, 10 models were used and the test was repeated three times, and the productivity improvement of about 50.16% was finally achieved. In the future, we plan to conduct research on physical data weight reduction based on the advanced material mapping automation function and the large-capacity BIM model.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2004

With the spread of wireless internet, the interest in mobile applications and services is increasing. Korea Wireless Internet Standardization Forum has been establishing the standards for mobile platform and map service in the wireless internet environment. This study aims to present a paragon of mapping middleware that plays the role of broker for wireless internet map service: in particular, it focuses on the interoperability with generic map servers. In this study, we developed a method for applying current map servers to the wireless internet map service, and analyzed the request/response structure of the map servers which have different operation characteristics in order to allow our middleware to fully utilize the functionalities of the map servers. The middleware we developed is composed of .NET-based XML Web Services: it has a lightweight module for image map and a map representation module for choropleth map, symbol map, chart map, etc. This mapping middleware is a broker between mobile client and generic map server, and supports .NET clients and Java clients as well. Its component-based interoperability grants the extensibility for the wireless internet dedicated map servers of the future in addition to the current generic map servers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.565-572
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• 2018

Recently, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) or drones have gained popularity for the engineering surveying and mapping because they enable the rapid data acquisition and processing as well as their operation cost is low. The applicable fields become much wider including the topographic monitoring, agriculture, and forestry. It is reported that the high geospatial accuracy is achievable with the drone photogrammetry for many applications. However most studies reported the best achievable mapping results using well-distributed ground control points though some studies investigated the impact of control points on the accuracy. In this study, we focused on the drone mapping of corridors such as roads and pipelines. The distribution and the number of control points along the corridor were diversified for the accuracy assessment. In addition, the effects of the camera self-calibration and the number of the image strips were also studied. The experimental results showed that the biased distribution of ground control points has more negative impact on the accuracy compared to the density of points. The prior camera calibration was favored than the on-the-fly self-calibration that may produce poor positional accuracy for the case of less or biased control points. In addition, increasing the number of strips along the corridor was not helpful to increase the positional accuracy.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2015

Variability of precipitation pattern and intensity are increasing due to the urbanization and industrialization which induce increasing impervious area and the climate change. Therefore, more severe urban inundation and flood damage will be occurred by localized heavy precipitation event in the future. In this study, we analyze the future frequency based precipitation under climate change based on the regional frequency analysis. The observed precipitation data from 58 stations provided by Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) are collected and the data period is more than 30 years. Then the frequency based precipitation for the observed data by regional frequency analysis are estimated. In order to remove the bias from the simulated precipitation by RCP scenarios, the quantile mapping method and outlier test are used. The regional frequency analysis using L-moment method(Hosking and Wallis, 1997) is performed and the future frequency based precipitation for 80, 100, and 200 years of return period are estimated. As a result, future frequency based precipitation in South Korea will be increased by 25 to 27 percent. Especially the result for Jeju Island shows that the increasing rate will be higher than other areas. Severe heavy precipitation could be more and more frequently occurred in the future due to the climate change and the runoff characteristics will be also changed by urbanization, industrialization, and climate change. Therefore, we need prepare flood prevention measures for our flood safety in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the chromosomal locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with chemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). One hundred sixty four recombinant inbred lines (MGRILs) of $F_{11}$ were derived from the cross between Milyang 23, Tongil type, and Gihobyeo, japonica type. They were evaluated for 7 traits of chemical property in rice. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits examined. Eight significant QTLs were detected (LOD$\geq$2.0) for five traits, including two QTLs for amylose content, two QTLs for potassium content, one QTL for ratio of magnesium to potassium, one QTL for fat content and two QTLs for ash content. Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 7.2% to 14.4%. However, no significant QTL was detected for magnesium and protein contents. In amylose content and ash content M alleles originated from Milyang 23 were responsible for increasing these traits and J alleles originated from Gihobyeo also responsible for increasing these traits. Pleiotropic effects of single QTLs on different traits are observed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2008

Land-use in northern Cheongju region is changing rapidly because of the increased interactions of human activities with the environment as population increases. Land-use change detection is considered essential for monitoring the growth of an urban complex. The analysis was undertaken mainly on the basis of the multi-temporal Landsat images (1991, 1992 and 2000) and DEM data in a post-classification analysis with GIS to map land-use distribution and to analyse factors influencing the land-use changes for Cheongju city. The area of each land-use category was also calculated for monitoring land-use changes. Land-use statistics revealed that substantial land-use changes have taken place and that the built-up areas have expanded by about $17.57km^2$ (11.47%) over the study period (1991 - 2000). This study illustrated an increasing trend of urban and barren lands areas with a decreasing trend of agricultural and forest areas. Land-use changes from one category to others have been clearly represented by the NDVI composite images, which were found suitable for delineating the development of urban areas and land use changes in northern Cheongju region. Rapid economic developments together with the increasing population were noted to be the major factors influencing rapid land use changes. Urban expansion has replaced urban and barren lands.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2015

As occurrence of gradually increasing extreme temperature events in Jeju Island, a hybrid downscaling technique that simultaneously applies by dynamical method and statistical method has implemented on design rainfall in order to reduce flood damages from severe storms and typhoons.As a result of computation, Case 1 shows a strong tendency to excessively compute rainfall, which is continuously increasing. While Case 2 showed similar trend as Case 1, low design rainfall has computed by rainfall in A1B scenario. Based on the design rainfall computation method mainly used in Preventive Disaster System through Pre-disaster Effect Examination System and Basic Plan for River of Jeju Island which are considering climatic change for selecting 50-year and 100-year frequencies. Case 3 selecting for Jeju rain gage station and Case 1 for Seogwipo rain gage station. The results were different for each rain gage station because of difference in rainfall characteristics according to recent climatic change, and the risk of currently known design rainfall can be increased in near future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2009

As software is becoming increasing important to the human society, so does the effort to produce them is also increasing.. All of these efforts can be at risk when source code of the application is reverse engineered by the software pirate. Many attempts have been made to protect Intellectual Property Rights (IPR); one of the newest attempts to protect IPR is software watermarking. It is used to prove ownership right when IPR are violated, and also prevents the bandit from altering the code for his own use. In this paper we are presenting a new technique for software watermarking know as Dictionary Based Software Watermarking (DBSW). DBSW works by embedding dummy instructions in source code with the help of predefined mapping already available in the dictionary. These instructions are identical to the normal instructions of the program and are hard to identify or to extract from the watermarked program. With the help of DBSW we not only can stop source code alteration but can also identify the buyer how has distributed the pirated copy.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2022

The ancient underground cities are a collection of self-supporting spaces that have been manually excavated in the soil or rock in the past. Because these structures have a very high cultural value due to their age, the study of their stability under the influence of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, is very important. In this research, while introducing the underground city of Ouyi Nushabad located in the center of Iran as one of the largest man-made underground cities of the old world, the analysis of dynamic stability is performed. For this purpose, the dynamic stress-displacement analysis has been performed through numerical modeling using the finite element software PLAXIS. At this stage, by simulating the Khorgo earthquake as one of the large-scale earthquakes that occurred in Iran, with a magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter scale, dynamic analysis by time history method has been performed on three selected sections of underground spaces. This study shows that the maximum amount of horizontal and vertical dynamic displacement is 12.9 cm and 17.7 cm, respectively, which was obtained in section 2. The comparison of the results shows that by increasing the cross-sectional area of the excavation, especially the distance between the roof and the floor, in addition to increasing the amount of horizontal and vertical dynamic displacement, the obtained maximum acceleration is intensified compared to the mapping acceleration applied to the model floor. Therefore, preventive actions should be taken to stabilize the excavations in order to prevent damage caused by a possible earthquake.