• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2001

This study the effects of the application of organic farming materials on the soil Physicochemistry property and plant growth, yield and components of Tomato were compared with conventional culture. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows : 1. The effect of soil chemical properties after application organic farming materials, The amounts of pH and O.M. in N, P, K treated plot were few of change, To the contrary, fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot were some increase, Amount of $P_2$$O_{5}$, Ca and K increase in comparison with the N, P, K treated plot. 2. Changes of soil microbial after application organic farming materials, The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in N, P, K treated plot were appeared definite direction. to the contrary, The number of bacteria and actimycetes in fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot showed the increased tendency, The number of fungi showed the decreased tendency. 3. Effect of organic farming materials application on the growth and yield of tomato was superior in order of microorganisms fermentation compost plot〉 chemical fertilizers plot〉 fermentation compost plot. especially, chicken manure ＋ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest. 4. Effect of organic farming materials application on the components of tomato were not different.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.161-174
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• 1979

A review was made on the effect of organic matter application on the chemical characteristics of soils such as pH, solubilities of minerals, and cation exchange capacity mainly at flooded rice soils. The review can be summarized as follows: 1. Application of organic material such as rice straw and compost in flooded rice soil leads to a temporary lowering of soil pH at the earlier stage of soil reduction, due to the production of various organic acids and carbonic acid. This temporary lowered pH is replaced with the production of alkaline substances such as ammonia as the reduction of soil proceeds. 2. Incorporation of organic materials intensifies the ferrous iron, dissolving various minerals, virtually to the increase in electrical conductivity of soils. 3. Organic materials also play an important role in dissolving soil minerals through the production of various chelating agents. 4. Application of soil organic matter significantly increases cation exchange capacity of soils. 5. Continuous application of rice straw or compost leads to the increase in soil organic matter content to some extent, up to the level of equilibrium. In soils low in organic matter the equilibrium level is attained with five years continuous application of compost. 6. The manner of chemical fertilizer application influences the accumulation of organic matter applied in soils. Low levels of fertilization lowers the accumulation while high levels of fertilization accerelates the accumulation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.657-665
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• 1999

The effects of application of mustard oil (MO), a small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant into the rat maxillary molar tooth pulp on arterial blood pressure and heat race, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles were assessed in the anesthetized rats. In addition, Evans blue extravasation following pulpal MO application was measured. Application of MO into the tooth pulp produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and heat rate which gradually returned to baseline level. Application of MO into the tooth pulp induced a significant and short-lasting increase in EMG activity of digastric masseter and tongue muscle. Application of MO into the tooth pulp significantly increased the plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. However, Application of mineral oil into the tooth pulp did not produce any significant changes in EMG activity of the digastric, masseter and tongue muscles, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and plasma extravasation of Evans blue dye. These findings indicate that changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, jaw muscle activity and plasma extravasation accompanying noxious tooth pulp stimulation call be utilized as indirect measure of orofacial pain and inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 1997

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of chromium application level, soil pH change, soil topping, application of some metals and application of organic matter on the absorption of chromium by radish and its growth. The results of experiments are summarized as following. Application of chromium as potassium dichromate up to 50 mg/kg did not affect the germination of radish seed. Application of chromium above this level affected the germination abversely. The dry matter yield of and absorption of chromium by radish was not affected by the application of chromium up to 100 mg/kg. Increased in soil pH decreased the uptake of chromium by radish under all range of chromium application rates. Under acidic condition (pH 5-6), the increase in the application of chromium resulted in the increase in the uptake of chromium by radish and lowering of dry matter production of radish. However, under alkaline condition (pH 7-8), increased application of chromium did not affect the uptake of chromium and the dry matter yield of radish. The application of Zn, Fe and Cu, up to 100 mg/kg did not affect not affect the uptake of chromium and dry matter yield of radish. The topping of soil with untreated soil after application of chromium up to five cm, did not affect the chromium uptake of radish, the same treatments tended to increase the dry matter yield of radish. The application of organic fertilizer(obtained from local market) up to the amount equivalent to 3000 kg/ha, although increased the dry matter yield of radish, did not affect the uptake of chromium by radish significantly. All the treatments tested in this study did not affect the translocation of chromium between root and shoot of radish.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

We aimed to analyze the effects of Kinesio-Taping on pain, satisfaction, and gait, and to provide basic data on the self-application of this method. The participants were 30 adult women with chronic low back pain. Kinesio-Taping was applied for 2 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of self-application education and self-application. The participants' pain levels were analyzed using the visual analog scale, satisfaction was analyzed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and gait was analyzed in terms of stride length, step length, step width, and gait time using the Walkway MG-1000 gait analyzer. The results of the pain showed the statistically significant decrease steadily (p<0.001) and the results of the satisfaction showed the statistically significant increase steadily (p<0.001) from the application of the Kinesio-Taping. Also, according to the In-Object verification between pre-test, taping application (after 2 weeks) and Self-application (after 4 weeks), the results of the satisfaction showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001). According to the gait analysis, the results of the stride length and step length showed the statistically significant increase steadily (p<0.001) and the results of the step width and gait time showed the statistically significant decrease steadily (p<0.001) from the application of the Kinesio-Taping. Also, according to the In-Object verification between pre-test, taping application (after 2 weeks) and Self-application (after 4 weeks), the results of the step width showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Thus, the self-application education about the Kinesio-Taping should be considered to reduce the pain and improve the performance level of the activities of daily life through the improvement of the self-management ability and to induce the active participation in the self-management activities and increase the satisfaction.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2012

Smart phone and its applications are currently bringing about significant changes in our lives and it is expected that applying such technology in the area of agriculture could increase the value added and productivity of agriculture with its various uses. This paper proposed a smartphone-based application for monitoring and managing livestock barn in real-time anytime, anywhere. In the proposed application, the livestock barn environment and video information collected in ubiquitous livestock barn based on wireless sensor networks can be used by user to monitor the livestock barn in real-time through the use of smart phone to control the livestock barn facilities anytime, anywhere. This application can provide user convenience and increase productivity by allowing users to control their livestock barn facilities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

This study was done to determine the effect of additional nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of the Korean wheat cultivars Keumkang, Jokyoung, Baegjoong, Sooan, Uri and Goso. Different levels of nitrogen applications (109, 82, 55, 41, and 27 kg/ha) were applied to six cultivars. The results show that the yield and protein contents were increased in all tested cultivars. The grain yields of the cultivars Keumkang, Jokyoung, Baegjoong and Sooan were greatly increased in the case of double fertilization treatments. Moreover, Uri and Goso had greatly increased yields by the additional fertilization at a 50% rate compared with korea wheat standard fertilization rate. A significantly higher yield was observed in Uri. Baegjoong was the highest yielding cultivar among the tested cultivars with the additional nitrogen fertilization. As the fertilization was increased up to double the fertilization treatment, the yield of Baegjoong also showed a constant increase. Positive correlations were found between the nitrogen fertilizer application levels and the protein contents of the grain in all the cultivars except for Uri, and among these, Jokyoung had a most significant correlation between the nitrogen fertilizer application level and the increase in its protein contents. Keumkang had the highest protein contents and highest increase in the protein content change according to the amount of nitrogen application. However, amylose, damaged starch and ash contents were not significantly changed by the different levels of nitrogen applications.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

We have studied the effect of polarity, current density, current duration, crosslinking density, swelling ratio, and permeation enhancers on the transdermal flux of ketoprofen from acrylamide hydrogel. Hydrogel was prepared by free radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide. Drug loading was made just before transport experiment by soaking the hydrogel in solution containing drug. In vitro flux study using hairless mouse skin was performed at $36.5^{\circ}C$ using side-by-side diffusion cell, and the drug was analysed using HPLC/UV system. The result showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased about 18 folds by the application of $0.4\;mA/cm^2$ cathodal current. Anodal delivery with same current density also increased the total amount of drug transported about 13 folds. It seemed that the increase in flux was due to the electrorepulsion and the increase in passive permeability of the skin by the current application. Flux increased as current density, the duration of current application and loading amount (swelling duration) increased. As the cross linking density of the hydrogel increased, flux clearly decreased. The effect of hydrophilic enhancers (urea, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Tween 20) and some hydrophobic enhancers (propylene glycol monolaurate and isopropyl myristate) was minimal. However, about 3 folds increase in flux was observed when 5% oleic acid was used. Overall, these results provide some useful information on the design of an optimized iontophoretic delivery system of ketoprofen.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to determine phosphorus effects on drought stress-induced oxidative stress in Kentucky bluegrass. Drought stress was induced by reducing of water to plants in pots. Two types of phosphorus were applied as potassium phosphate (P) or potassium phosphonate (PA). Application of phosphorus was efficient to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought. Osmotic potential, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were significantly decreased by drought stress, but was relieved by P or PA application. Superoxide (O₂^•-) concentration was significantly increased more than 14-fold under drought-stressed plants, was accompanied with increase of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and lipid peroxidation (MDA). However, malondialdehyde (MDA) was much less in P or PA applied plants under drought stress condition. Activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol-peroxidase (GPX) were largely increased by drought stress and its increase rate was much higher in P or PA applied plants except APX. These results indicate that drought stress-induced oxidative stress is alleviated by P or PA application due to the increase of activities of antioxidant enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.509-515
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• 2023

This study examind the product quality characteristics and industrial application of arrowroot powder added Yanggaeng before its industrial application. Several preliminary experiments were conducted by applying manufacturing conditions and varying the amount of arrowroot powder(1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) added to produce Yanggaeng recipes that can be sold commercially. The moisture content of the produce Yanggaeng was low due to the manufacturing standards, but it showed a significant increase with an increase in the ratio, which was similar to the results of other studies on Yanggaeng. The solubility, particale size distribution, and pH also showed a significant increasing trend. The hardness of arrowroot powder added Yanggaeng decreased with an increase in the amount of arrowroot powder, while springiness, gumminess, and chewiness increased with the addition of arrowroot powder. In terms of color, arrowroot powder showed a dark color, which was well suited to white bean paste and could also be used with black bean paste without any problem. These results were due to the manufacturing ratio being adjusted to meet commercial sales standards, resulting in a lower amount of water being used, and the characteristics of arrowroot powder being applied as they were.