• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.240-247
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• 1994

TiC particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composites were fabricated by melt stirring method. The effect of alloying elements on TiC particulate dispersion into molten magnesium and mechanical properties were investigated. The incorporation time is defined as the time required for dispersion of solid particles into molten metal. The incorporation time of TiC particles into molten pure magnesium was remarkably shorter and the particulated dispersion was more uniform than that of pure aluminum which was reported previously. The incorporation time was, prolonged by the addition of Al, Bi, Ca, Ce, Pb, Sn or Zn. The tensile strength increased and elongation decreased by the addition of Cu or Sn into the matrices and composites. Although, the tensile strength of the matrices and composites increased by alloying with Ca or Ce, the maximum elongation was observed at a content of about 1% for the matrices. By alloying with Zn, the tensile strength increased for the matrices and composites, but the elongation of the matrices increased. The pure magnesium and its alloy matrix composites reinforced with 20vol% TiC have the tensile strength of about 400MPa. This value is compared with the tensile strength of SiC whisker reinforced magnesium matrix composites fabricated by liquid infiltration method at the same volume fraction. There fore, the melt strirring method which has the advantages of simple process is considered to be efficient in fabricating magnesium matrix composites.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.255-255
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• 2002

For rapid and sensitive measurement of antiviral activities, application of a recombinant virus containing firefly luciferase gene was attempted. Recombinant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) containing luciferase gene driven by HCMV late gene pp28 promoter (HCMV/pp28-luc) was used to test the antiviral activities of three known compounds and the result was compared with results from the conventional plaque assay for measuring the production of infectious viruses. When human fibroblast cells were infected with HCMV/pp28-luc, luciferase activity was observed at 2 days after infection and reached maximum at 6 days after infection, whereas the production of infectious virus was maximal at 4 days after infection. The antiviral activities of ganciclovir, acyclovir, and papaverine were measured in HFF cells infected with HCMV/PP28-luc and the luciferase activity was compared with the infectious virus titers. Luciferase activity decreased as the concentration of ganciclovir or papaverine increased, while there was a slight decrease in luciferase activity with acyclovir. The level of the decrease in Luciferase activity was comparable to the level of decrease in the production of infectious virus. Therefore, the antiviral assay using recombinant virus HCMV/pp28-luc resulted in sensitivity similar to the conventional plaque assay with a significant reduction in assay time.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2009

본 시험은 벼 재배시 녹비작물로 녹비용 보리의 투입효과를 구명하여 호밀 대체 가능성을 검토코자 수행하였다. 호밀은 출수기, 녹비용 보리는 출수기, 출수 후 3일 및 출수 후 10일에 경운로타리 작업을 하고 담수시켜 부숙을 촉진한 다음 녹비작물 무시용구는 표준시비, 녹비작물 시용구는 토양검정시비 및 무시비 하여 동진 1호를 재배 후 토양물리화학성, 녹비작물 부숙정도, 생육 및 수량성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 녹비작물 투입시기별 생체중은 각각 10a당 2,715, 2,352, 2,867 kg이였고 건물중에 있어서 총질소 함량은 1.31, 1.46, 1.38%이었으며 탄질률은 33.4, 28.7, 34.6이였다. 녹비작물 투입으로 작토심이 깊어졌고 토양경도와 용적밀도가 낮아졌으며 공극률이 증가하여 물리성이 개선되었다. 또한 시험 전에 비하여 녹비용 보리 환원으로 양이온치환용량이 높아졌으며 치환성 양이온 함량이 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 쌀 수량은 관행($559kg\;10a^{-1}$)에 비하여 녹비용 보리+토양검정진단시비구에서 3~9% 증수되었으며, 현미 외관품위 중 완전립비율은 관행(73.0%)에 비하여 녹비용 보리 투입시 73.6~78.7%로 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 녹비용 보리를 출수 후 10일경 투입하여 벼 재배시 질소비료 절감과 지력개선에 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 1994

The movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment requires bone remodeling process in periodontal tissue. To find out the changes occuring in the cell itself, mechanical force was applied to the cultured periodontal ligament cells. Following results were obtained from measuring the changes in cyclic AMP and $PGE_2$, $^3H$-thymidine incorporation amount in time lapse after application of mechanical force. 1. When mechanical force was applied to cultured PDL cells, the amount of cAMP in cells were increased significantly after 15 min. of force application, but were decreased gradually as time lapsed. 2. When mechanical force was applied to cultured PDL cells, the amount of PGE2 were increased at 20,40,60 min. and was significantly increased at 20 min. 3. When mechanical force was applied to cultured PDL cells, the amount of $^3H$-thymidine incorporation was some increased, but was not statistically significant.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.374-380
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• 2011

니켈촉매 막을 증착시킨 산화규산 기판위에 아세틸렌기체와 수소기체를 원료로 육불화황기체를 첨가기체로 탄소코일을 증착하였다. 육불화황이 투입되는 단계에 따라 성장된 탄소코일의 특성(형성 밀도, 형상)을 조사하였다. 육불화황을 연속적으로 주입하였을 경우 선형, 마이크로크기 코일, 나노크기 코일, 그리고 파동형 나노크기 코일 등 다양한 형태의 탄소코일들이 성장하였다. 하지만, 탄소코일 초기 증착단계에서 1분정도의 짧은시간 동안 육불화황을 주입한 경우 나노크기의 탄소코일 형상만을 대부분 얻을 수 있었다. 탄소코일 합성반응시간이 1분 정도 지체된 후의 단계에서 짧은시간 동안의 육불화황 주입은 코일형상 제어를 저해하였다. 따라서, 육불화황의 주입 시간과 주입단계가 탄소 코일의 형상을 결정하는 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.432-436
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• 2009

Purpose: Negative pressure therapy has been used in various conditions to promote wound healing. It has also been used to secure a skin graft by improving microcirculation and improving tight adhesion between the graft and the recipient bed. To reduce post burn scar contracture and improve aesthetical result, many types of dermal substitutes have been invented and used widely. The goal of this study was evaluate usefulness of the VAC (Kinetic concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX) in improving the take rate and time to incorporation of Integra$^{(R)}$ in reconstruction of burn scar contracture. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from October, 2006 to December, 2008. The VAC was utilized for 11 patients. The average patient's age was 19.7 years (range 5 - 27) and average surface area was $785cm^2$ (range 24 - 1600). The burn scars were excised deep into normal subcutaneous tissue to achieve complete release of the scar, Integra$^{(R)}$ was sutured in place with skin staple와 Steri - strip$^{(R)}$. Then slit incisions were made on silicone sheet only with No.11 blade for effective drainage. The VAC was used as a bolster dressing over Integra$^{(R)}$. Negative - Pressure ranging from 100 to 125 mm Hg was applied to black polyurethane foam sponge trimmed to the appropriate wound size. An occlusive seal over the black polyurethane foam sponge was maintained by a combination of the occlusive dressing, OP - site$^{(R)}$. The VAC dressing changes were performed every 3 or 4 days until adequate incorporation was obtained. The neodermis appeared slightly yellow to orange color. When the Integra$^{(R)}$ deemed clinically incorporated, The VAC was removed and take was estimated with visual inspection. Very thin STSG(0.006 ~ 0.008 inches) was performed after silicone sheet removal. Result: The mean time for clinically assessed incorporation of Integra$^{(R)}$ was 10.00 days (range 9 - 12). The mean dressing change was 3.5 times until take was obtained. In All patients, Integra$^{(R)}$ had successful incorporation in tissue without serious complications. Conclusion: Integra$^{(R)}$ in combination with Vacuum - Assisted Closure(VAC) may be incorporated earlier than conventional dressing method.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.162-173
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• 2006

The water-extracts of Scutellaria barbata Don (SBDE) were isolated from Chinese medicinal plant sources. The extracts showed strong growth-inhibitory activity and cancer chemopreventive activity on the growth and DNA incorporation of MG63 human osteosarcoma and K562 human leukemia cell lines. The growth of human cancer cells was inhibited in the presence of the extracts (20, 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/ml), and the effects were concentration-dependent and incubation time-dependent up to 8 days. When 50 ${\mu}$g/ml of the extracts was added to the media of MG63 and K562, cell growth after 8 days or 6 days of incubation was retarded by 93.2 to 97.3% of the control group. Morphological changes of MG63 and K562 cell lines were observed. As the concentration of the extracts increased up to 50 ${\mu}$g/ml, degree of cell aggregation decreased. Moreover, the DNA incorporation of the cells which were labeled with [3H] thymidine was significantly reduced after 3 days of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ with the extract. Therefore, it is suggested that the extract is highly effective on inhibition of cancer cell growth. The extract also inhibited gene expression of IGF-II in transcriptional level. Since IGF-II works as a mitogenic effector on MG63 and K562 cell lines, these results suggest that the growth inhibition is in part mediated through the inhibition of IGF-II gene expression.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.604-607
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• 2005

In this study, the effect of ${\beta}$-sitosterol (SS) in the liposome bilayer on the stability of incorporated retinol was evaluated. Retinol was incorporated into liposomes consisting of various ratios of soybean phoaphatidylcholine (PC) to SS, while liposomes were prepared as multilamellar vesicles by the dehydration/rehydration method. Retinol was readily incorporated into liposomes with various SS contents, with incorporation efficiencies higher than 98% for all conditions. The incorporation efficiency of retinol increased slightly as the SS content in liposomes increased. Its average particle size also increased as the SS content increased. Mean particle size at PC to SS ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 were 12.16, 17.57, 35.00, 40.62, 83.45, and $88.94\;{\mu}m$, respectively. Liposomal retinol degradation in aqueous solution was measured with respect to SS content at various periods of time at four different temperatures of 4, 25, 37, and $50^{\circ}C$, and the stability of the incorporated retinol enhanced as the SS content increased. At $4^{\circ}C$, for example, retinol in the liposomes of 50:50 (PC:SS) remained at 84.42% after storage for 10 days, while in 100:0 (PC/SS) it remained at 42.62%. These results indicate that SS content in liposomes played an important role in the incorporation efficiency of retinol and its stability.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2023

The Japanese language, as a typical agglutinating language, permits large noun phrases (NP) containing ten or more morphemes. In this paper, we argue that the nature of the NP in Japanese is changing. Our data are drawn from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese. We conduct a series of apparent-time studies of ongoing changes in complex NPs. We first examine the length of compound nouns, followed by the usage of bound suffixes. We then examine ongoing changes in complex NPs that contain genitive case markers. Finally, we examine noun incorporation. All of our studies show a trend towards shorter, less complex NPs. Furthermore, our results suggest that the usage rate of phrases that modify the noun inside the NP (compound nouns, bound nouns, NPs containing genitive case, noun incorporation) appears to be decreasing over time. On the other hand, the usage rate of modifying material outside of the NP (positional phrases, relative clauses) appears to be increasing over time. We conclude by suggesting that our results reflect a diachronic change of decreasing synthetic morphology and increasing analytic morphology. We end by pointing out the implications of this work on our understanding syntheticity and analyticity.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2013

본 시험은 녹비작물의 토양 혼입시기가 벼의 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 녹비작물을 벼 이앙 25일전, 18일전 및 11일전에 각각 혼입하였으며, 혼입시기별 녹비보리 및 헤어리베치의 biomass와 무기성분 함량 및 양분공급량을 조사하였고, 각각의 처리구에서 벼의 수량을 조사하였다. 녹비보리 및 헤어리베치의 biomass는 토양으로의 혼입이 늦어질수록 biomass는 증가하였고, T-N, T-P 및 $K_2O$의 함량은 점차 감소하는 경향이었지만 그 차이는 미미하였다. 녹비보리 및 헤어리베치의 N, $P_2O_5$ 및 $K_2O$의 공급량은 다소 차이는 있지만 전반적으로 5월 20일에 혼입한 LPM3 처리구에서 가장 많았다. 벼의 간장, 수장 및 이삭수는 녹비작물의 혼입시기별 처리구에 상관없이 비슷한 경향으로 control 처리구에 비해 생육이 좋았지만, 녹비작물의 토양 혼입시기에 따른 유의성은 없었다. 벼의 총립수, 천립중 및 수량은 control 처리구에 비해 녹비보리 및 헤어리베치 처리구에서 많았으며, 토양 혼입시기에 상관없이 벼의 수량은 control 처리구 대비 녹비보리 혼입 처리구에서 2~3%, 헤어리베치 혼입 처리구에서 4~5%의 증수효과를 보였다.