• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the process of developing a validated pediatric nursing simulation scenario template using the real-time Delphi method. Methods: A panel of 13 pediatric nursing experts participated in a real-time Delphi survey conducted over two rounds. Initially, 83 items were included in the questionnaire focusing on the structure and content of the simulation scenario template. Data analysis involved calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and the coefficient of variation to assess item validity and stability. Results: Through iterative rounds of the Delphi survey, a consensus was reached among the experts, resulting in the development of a pediatric nursing simulation scenario template comprising 41 items across nine parts. The CVR values ranged from 0.85 to 1.0, indicating a high consensus among experts regarding the inclusion of all items in the template. Conclusion: This study presents a novel approach for developing a pediatric nursing simulation scenario template using real-time Delphi methods. The real-time Delphi method facilitated the development of a comprehensive and scientifically grounded pediatric nursing simulation scenario template. Our template aligns with the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning standards, and provides valuable guidance for educators in designing effective simulation scenarios, contributing to enhanced learning outcomes and better preparation for pediatric clinical practice. However, consideration of cultural and contextual adaptations is necessary, and further research should explore alternative consensus criteria.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.76-101
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• 2021

Digitalization and digital transformations have metamorphized the face of Financial Inclusion globally, more so, in cash obsessed economies like India. The purpose of our study is to empirically analyze the users' intention to adopt digital payment systems, post Demonetisation, during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The conceptual framework for the study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) adoption model with added operationalized constructs of Perceived Risk and Stickiness to use Cash. A total of 326 respondents were surveyed using a pre-tested questionnaire during the Nationwide Lockdown 3.0 in India. These responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings of the study revealed that performance expectancy and facilitating conditions directly influence the intention of individuals to use digital payment systems, whereas the effect of perceived ease of use on digital payment systems is mediated through the attitude towards the digital payment systems during COVID-19 pandemic situation. Implications of the proposed adoption model are discussed. This will enable the other developing economies to formulate a digital ecosystem, that is here to stay even after the pandemic.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1996

전자선과 ${\gamma}$선으로 방사선조사하여 폴리에틸렌 필름에 과산화물을 형성시킨 다음 산과 $FeSO_4(NH_4)_2SO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$와 존재하에서 아크릴산을 그라프트반응시켰다. $FeSO_4(NH_4)_2SO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$와 황산의 첨가효과와 그라프트 반응메카니즘을 검토하고, 이들 그라프트필름의 물리적 특성을 검토하였다. 과산화물법에 의한 그라프트반응에서 $FeSO_4(NH_4)_2SO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$와 산을 동시에 첨가하면 $FeSO_4(NH_4)_2SO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$만 첨가한 것보다 월등히 그라프트율이 향상되었고, $FeSO_4(NH_4)_2SO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$를 첨가하지 않고 산만을 첨가하면 과다한 단일 중합체의 형성으로 그라프트반응을 시킬 수 없었다. 산중에서 $H_2SO_4$와 HCl의 첨가효과는 $HNO_3$와 $CH_3COOH$보다 월등히 컸으며, 같은 조사선량으로 ${\gamma}$선과 전자선 조사한 폴리에틸렌에 대한 아크릴산의 그라프트반응에서 ${\gamma}$선 조사한 시료의 그라프트율이 전자선 조사한 것보다 높았다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권27호
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• pp.5-22
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• 2006

Mireuksa is a temple that was established in the Baekjea Period and continued around to the 16thcentury. The sites of the temple throughout diverse periods such as the United Shilla Period, KoryuPeriod, and Chosun Period including the one of the early temple in the late Baekjea Period were discovered. In those temple sites, there were lots of diverse artifacts discovered including artifacts in the Bronze Age. In this study, the compositions of four bronze bells excavated from Mireuksa site in Iksan were analyzed and the manufacturing technique of bronze bells was studied through the observation of microstructure. Also, the analytical cases of ancient bronze bells were collected and compared. Furthermore, the provenance study of the bronze bells site was attempted with the Pbisotope ratio. The results aim to offer crucial keys for discovering the aspect of society as well as information about the origin, development, and the route of propagation of ancient technologies. Bronze bell No. 1 showed an unexpected composition as Cu was found 98.5% in it. There were shown twins which were created by annealing and an even phase in the fine grains. It was also shown that bronze bell No. 2 and 4 had a high content of Pb although they showed a similar composition with general bronze bells in terms of Sn content. As shown in the analysis characteristics table of Korean bronze bell of this study, the ancient bronze bell used Pb of which content was limited to 2.12% in general, however, the results showed 15.5% and 13.2% respectively, which is an excessive amount. Asa result of analyzing inclusion in the microstructure of bronze bell No. 2, it was found that sulfide group mineral was used since there appeared S(14.55%). Also, it was proven that $CuFeS_2$ or$Cu_5FeS_4$ was used as a raw material because there was a small amount of Fe. As a result of analyzing inclusion of bronze bell No. 4, the bronze bell sample contained S(13.43%) and it is thought that sulfide group mineral was used, however, it had no Fe. Therefore, it is not connected to $CuFeS_2$ which is the main mineral of Korea. In addition, a strain line was shown with processing in bronze bell No. 2 and 4. As a result of provenance study of bronze bell No. 2 and 4 using the Pb isotope ratio, they or their raw materials are estimated to come from the southern China. Bronze bell No. 3 showed only Cu and Sn, and it is featured with a relatively low amount of Sn(6.63%). The microstructure has only phase, andintergranular corrosion was highly in progress.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2000

TL 측정과 subtraction 방법을 이용한 고고 도자기 시편의 절대연대 측정방법을 확립하였다. 본 연구에서는 백제시대 토기 시편을 사용하였으며, TL측정을 위한 시료는 미세낟알법과 석영분리법을 이용하여 준비하였다. 미세낟알법에서는 분쇄한 시편 분말 중 아세톤 용액에서의 침강속도에 따른 분리를 통하여 $5-10{\mu}m$ 크기의 미세 낟알을 TL측정에 사용하였다. 석영분리법에서는 분쇄한 시편 분말을 HF처리후 90-125{\mu}m$ 크기의 석영 결정을 분리하여 사용하였다. 각 시료에 감마선원($^{137}Cs$) 또는 알파선원($^{241}Am$)을 인위적으로 조사하여 자연 TL량에 고고학적 선량을 평가하였고, subtraction 방법을 통하여 알파선원 만의 영향으로 시편에 축적된 고고학적 선량을 계산하였다. 그 결과 백제시대 토기 시편에 대하여 얻어진 선량은 4.60Gy이었다. 시편에 함유된 알파 방출 방사능 물질(U,Th)의 농도 분석 값으로부터 토기 시편에 대한 매년마다의 선량률($3.05{\pm}0.11$ mGy/yr.)을 결정하였다. 얻어진 선량률로 시편의 고고학적 선량을 나누어줌으로써 결정된 토기 시편의 절대연대는 $1508{\pm}80$년(A.D. ca. 492 yr.)이었으며, 편년연대법에 의한 추정 연대 (5세기 중반)와 10% 오차 범위 내에서 일치하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

Ross 술식은 항응고제의 사용이 필요 없으며, 혈역학적으로 우수하고 내구성이 좋아 대동맥판막 치환술의 이상적인 방법으로 생각되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 본원에서 시행된 Ross 술식의 결과를 조사하여 중-단기 성적을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 1999년 1월부터 2001년 10월까지 Ross 술식을 시행 받은 22명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 환자의 평균 나이는 $30.9{\pm}8.1$세 $(17\~44)$였고, 수술 전 진단은 대동맥 판막 폐쇄부전증이 20명, 협착증과 부전증이 동반된 경우가 2명이었다. 평균 추적관찰 기간은 $38.9{\pm}1.6$개월이었고, 추적 관찰률은 $100{\%}$였다. 결과: 수술 사망은 없었고, 만기 사망은 2명이었는데 심장질환과 관련된 사망은 1명, 나머지 1명은 다른 원인이었다. 수술과 관련된 생존율은 40.6개월에 $94.1{\pm}5.7{\%}$를 보였다. 수술의 합병증으로는 출혈이 2명, 저심박출증이 3명 있었다. 자가 폐동맥 판막의 이식방법은 근위부 치환술이 14예, inclusion technique이 8예였다. 폐동맥 판막 치환술은 모두 동종 페동맥판막을 이용하였다. 추적 관찰하는 과정에서 중증도 이상의 대동맥 판막 폐쇄 부전증 환자는 없었다. 결론: 본원의 연구 결과 Ross술식의 수술 사망률이나 이환률은 좋은 성적을 보였으나 신대동맥 판막과 폐동맥 동종 판막에 대해서는 앞으로 장기적인 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Background: The Kirschner wire (K-wire) technique allows stable fixation of bone fragments without periosteal dissection, which often lead to bone segment scattering and loss. The authors used the K-wire fixation to simplify the treatment of laborious comminuted zygomatic bone fracture and report outcomes following the operation. Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all patients with comminuted zygomatic bone fractures between January 2010 and December 2013. In each patient, the zygoma was reduced and fixed with K-wire, which was drilled from the cheek bone and into the contralateral nasal cavity. For severely displaced fractures, the zygomaticofrontal suture was first fixated with a microplate and the K-wire was used to increase the stability of fixation. Each wire was removed approximately 4 weeks after surgery. Surgical outcomes were evaluated for malar eminence, cheek symmetry, K-wire site scar, and complications (based on a 4-point scale from 0 to 3, where 0 point is 'poor' and 3 points is 'excellent'). Results: The review identified 25 patients meeting inclusion criteria (21 men and 4 women). The mean age was 52 years (range, 15-73 years). The mean follow up duration was 6.2 months. The mean operation time was 21 minutes for K-wire alone (n=7) and 52 minutes for K-wire and plate fixation (n=18). Patients who had received K-wire only fixation had severe underlying diseases or accompanying injuries. The mean postoperative evaluation scores were 2.8 for malar contour and 2.7 for K-wire site scars. The mean patient satisfaction was 2.7. There was one case of inflammation due to the K-wire. Conclusion: The use of K-wire technique was associated with high patient satisfaction in our review. K-wire fixation technique is useful in patient who require reduction of zygomatic bone fractures in a short operating time.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

This study analyzes through the review of literature and laws the exposure time, clinical frequency, and radiation exposure of intraoral and extraoral radiography as well as of panoramic radiography performed by dental hygienists in dental clinics, compares the dental radiology curriculums of radiological science and dental hygiene departments, and proposes the expansion of dental hygienists' radiography operations. The radiology curriculums were compared between the radiological science and dental hygiene departments of colleges. For new analysis by radiography for dental diagnosis, the exposure time, radiation absorbed dose, effective dose, and number of days of natural radiation were compared by the type of oral radiation films and radiographical techniques proposed by domestic and international studies. The exposure time of panoramic radiography is 15 seconds and it takes about two minutes for completion, whereas the exposure time of the standard radiography is 0.2~0.8 seconds and it takes 10 times longer for completion of the radiography of full mouth than the panoramic radiography. The standard radiography can cause distortions of radiation at severely curved parts of dental arch and palatopharyngeal reflex. However, panoramic radiography can be performed even for lock jaw patients, causes less inconvenience to patients and is much simpler than the standard radiography. The percentage of dental clinics where radiography is performed by dental hygienists was 92.0%, and the percentage of standard film radiography by dental hygienists was 98% whereas the percentage of panoramic radiography by dental hygienists was 92%. For the absorbed dose which is an indicator of radiation exposure, the When the effective dose which is an indicator of the danger of radiation exposure was converted to the number of days of natural radiation, it was 3.3 days for panoramic radiography, but 13.9 days for the full mouth standard radiography by bisecting angle technique which was 4.2 times longer than the panoramic radiography. There were two colleges that had a dental radiology course with two credits in the departments of radiological science. The credits for dental radiology courses in the department of dental hygiene ranged varied by college, ranging from 3 to 8; on average, the theory course was 2.2 credits and the practice course was 2.02 credits. To summarize the above results, the percentage of dental clinics where panoramic radiography is performed by dental hygienists under the guidance of dentists is high. Panoramic radiography has become an essential facility for dental clinics. It is faster than standard film radiography and less dangerous due to low radiation exposure. Panoramic radiography is a simple mechanical job that does not require training of oral radiography by radiotechnologist. Because panoramic radiography is one of major operations which must be performed at all times in dental clinics, it must be designated as intraoral technique rather than extraoral technique, or legalized for inclusion in the scope of operations of dental hygienists.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.317-324
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• 1994

팔당호의 순환이 수치적으로 해석되었으며 이는 팔당호에 유입되는 오염물과 토사의 확산과 농도의 예측도구의 개발을 위한 단계이다. 2차원 수심적분 지배방정식의 차분화에는 Abbott의 3-단계시간 수치기법과 비선형항에는 시간, 공간적으로 중앙처리한 반복기법을 사용하였다. 모형의 매개변수인 전단응력과 와확산계수는 관측자료를 이용 결정하였다. 평상시 정상류의 유속 계산결과는 바람의 영향을 고려했을 때 실측치에 보다 근접하는 것으로 나타나 이는 정확한 순환해석을 위해서는 바람의 영향을 포함시킴이 필요함을 시사한다. 홍수파의 유입과 팔당댐 방류로 인한 부정류에 대한 모의는 물리적으로 타당한 결과를 제공하여 본 연구의 모형은 바람의 영향을 포함한 부정류 순환현상의 예측도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2019

Background Even with satisfactory anastomosis technique and adequate experience of the surgeon, flap loss due to thrombosis can still occur due to the patient's underlying condition. Patients with hypercoagulability due to etiologies such as malignancy, hereditary conditions, and acquired thrombophilia are among those who could benefit from free flap procedures. This review aimed to evaluate the risk of free flap thrombosis in patients with hypercoagulability and to identify the most effective thromboprophylaxis regimen. Methods This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were explored. Types of free flaps, types of hypercoagulable states, thrombosis prevention protocols, thrombosis complication rates, and flap vitality outcomes were reviewed. Samples from the included studies were pooled to calculate the relative risk of free flap thrombosis complications in patients with hypercoagulability compared to those without hypercoagulability. Results In total, 885 articles underwent title, abstract, and full-text screening. Six articles met the inclusion criteria. The etiologies of hypercoagulability varied. The overall incidence of thrombosis and flap loss in hypercoagulable patients was 13% and 10.3%, respectively. The thrombosis risk was two times higher in hypercoagulable patients (P=0.074) than in controls. Thromboprophylaxis regimens were variable. Heparin was the most commonly used regimen. Conclusions Hypercoagulability did not significantly increase the risk of free flap thrombosis. The most effective thromboprophylaxis regimen could not be determined due to variation in the regimens. Further well-designed studies should be conducted to confirm this finding.