• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.201-204
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• 2016

This study aimed to quantify associations of the human development inequality (HDI) index with incidence, mortality, and mortality to incidence ratios for eight common cancers among different countries. In this ecological study, data about incidence and mortality rates of cancers was obtained from the Global Cancer Project for 169 countries. HDI indices for the same countries was obtained from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) database. The concentration index was defined as the covariance between cumulative percentage of cancer indicators (incidence, mortality and mortality to incidence ratio) and the cumulative percentage of economic indicators (country economic rank). Results indicated that incidences of cancers of liver, cervix and esophagus were mainly concentrated in countries with a low HDI index while cancers of lung, breast, colorectum, prostate and stomach were concentrated mainly in countries with a high HDI index. The same pattern was observed for mortality from cancer except for prostate cancer that was more concentrated in countries with a low HDI index. Higher MIRs for all cancers were more concentrated in countries with a low HDI index. It was concluded that patterns of cancer occurrence correlate with care disparities at the country level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3455-3458
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• 2016

Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Recent worldwide average incidences of osteosarcoma in people aged 0 to 24 years were 4.3 and 3.4 per million, respectively, with a ratio of 1.4:1. However, data on the incidence of osteosarcoma in Thailand are limited. This study analyzed the incidence of osteosarcoma in the upper northern region of Thailand, with a population of 5.85 million people (8.9% of the total Thai population), using data for the years 1998 to 2012, obtained from the Chiang Mai Cancer Registry (CMCR) at Chiang Mai University Hospital and the Lampang Cancer Registry (LCR) at the Lampang Cancer Hospital, a total of 144 cases. The overall annual incidence of osteosarcoma was 1.67 per million with a male:female ratio of 1.36:1. Incidences by age group (male and female) at 0 to 24, 25 to 59 and over 60 years were 3.5 (3.9 and 3.0), 0.8 (0.9 and 0.6), and 0.7 (0.8 and 0.5), respectively. The peak incidence occurred at 15 to 19 years for males and at 10 to 14 years for females. The median survival time was 18 months with a 5-year survival rate of 43%. Neither the age group nor the 5-year interval period of treatment was significantly correlated with survival during the 15-year period studied.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Objectives : We aimed to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer in the Republic of Korea. Methods : Using the Annual Report of Ambient Air Quality in Korea, Annual Report of National Cancer Registration, and Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics, we calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer for both sexes in 74 areas from 7 Korean metropolitan cities. We performed random intercept, Poisson regression using empirical Bayes method. Results : Both SMRs and SIRs in the 7 metropolitan cities were higher in women than in men. Mean SIRs were 99.0 for males and 107.0 for females. The association between $PM_{10}$ and lung cancer risk differed according to gender. $PM_{10}$ was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in males, but both incidence and mortality of lung cancer were positively associated with $PM_{10}$ in females. The estimated percentage increases in the rate of female lung cancer mortality and incidence were 27% and 65% at the highest $PM_{10}$ category $({\geq}70\;{\mu}g/m^3)$, compared to the referent category $({\geq}50\;{\mu}g/m^3)$. Conclusions : Long-term exposure to $PM_{10}$ was significantly associated with female lung cancer incidence in 7 Korean metropolitan cities. Further study is undergoing to estimate the relative risk of $PM_{10}$ using multi-level analysis for controlling individual and regional confounders such as smoking and socioeconomic position.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1998

충남 서산과 전북 봉동지방의 생강 근경부패병의 발생생태를 조사하였다. 서산지방의 근경부패병 발병율은 봉동보다 낮았다. 서산의 생강 수확량은 평균 1,140Kg였고, 봉동은 818Kg/10a 였다. 발병후 살균제는 서산에서 많이 사용하였다. 포장간 토양물리성은 약간의 차이가 있었다. 발병율이 낮은 은하리는 23%의 점토를 함유하고 있다. 반면에 병발생이 많은 유소리는 미사함량이 60%이상이었다. 생강 재배 지역의 토양화학성은 적정 농도 범위였으나, 인산은 적정농도 450-500ppm(mg/Kg)보다 모두 높았다. 이것은 하천의 오염원이 되므로 인산시비를 줄여야 할것을 추정하였다. 재배 중기인 8월에 사상균수가 최고치를 나타내는 경향이었고, 세균과 방선균수도 사상균수과 비슷한 경향이었다. 세균수/진균수는 포장간 큰차이를 나타냈다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.120-132
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• 2023

Background: To systematically review studies on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and lung cancer incidence in chronic airway disease patients. Methods: We conducted electronic bibliographic searches on OVID-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database before May 2020 to identify relevant studies. Detailed data on the study population, exposure, and outcome domains were reviewed. Results: Of 4,058 screened publications, 13 eligible studies in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma evaluated lung cancer incidence after ICS exposure. Pooled hazard ratio and odds ratio for developing lung cancer in ICS exposure were 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 1.02; I²=95.7%) from 10 studies and 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.50 to 2.07; I²=94.7%) from three studies. Meta-regression failed to explain the substantial heterogeneity of pooled estimates. COPD and asthma were variously defined without spirometry in 11 studies. Regarding exposure assessment, three and 10 studies regarded ICS exposure as a time-dependent and fixed variable, respectively. Some studies assessed ICS use for the entire study period, whereas others assessed ICS use for 6 months to 2 years within or before study entry. Smoking was adjusted in four studies, and only four studies introduced 1 to 2 latency years in their main or subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Studies published to date on ICS and lung cancer incidence had heterogeneous study populations, exposures, and outcome assessments, limiting the generation of a pooled conclusion. The beneficial effect of ICS on lung cancer incidence has not yet been established, and understanding the heterogeneities will help future researchers to establish robust evidence on ICS and lung cancer incidence.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1999

반결구 상추 ‘Omega’와 잎상추 ‘Grand Rapids’의 m 재배에서 배양액내 Ca : K 비율이 광합성, 증산, 생육 및 tipburn 발생에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 실험을 수행하였다. 반결구 상추와 잎상추 두 종 모두 광합성은 Ca : K 비율 3:6과 4.5:4.5에서 높았으며, 기공 저항은 잎상추가 반결구 상추보다 낮았다. 증산율은 3:6의 Ca : K 비율에서 두 종 모두 가장 높았으며, 잎상추의 증산율이 반결구 상추보다 높아 종간 차이를 보였다. 엽위에 따른 증산율은 완전 전개잎에 비해 미숙잎에서 낮았는데, 이것은 미숙잎에서 tipburn 발생이 많은 것과 깊은 관계가 있는 것으로 보였다. Ca 결핍구인 Ca : K 비율 0:9처리는 두 종 모두 극단적인 생육 저하와 함께 tipburn이 100% 발생하였으며, 반결구 상추는 Ca : K 1.5:7.5 처리에서도 tipburn이 25% 발생하였으나, 잎상추에서는 나타나지 않았다 작물 생육은 Ca 결핍구를 제외한 두 종 모두 Ca : K 3:6 처리에서 가장 높았다. 배양액의 Ca과 K의 불균형은 기공저항과 확산저항을 높여 광합성과 증산의 감소를 유도함으로써 Ca 이동에 영향을 미친 것으로 보였다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of obesity on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults with pre-diabetes. Methods: This study employed a longitudinal study design and utilized secondary data drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. This study used data from a sample of 3,693 adults with prediabetes who were followed every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical data analysis for frequency, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 26. Results: During the observation period, there were 1,309 (35.4%) patients with diabetes, and the total number of person-years was 35,342. The incidence of diabetes was higher in the obese group compared to the normal weight group (body mass index [BMI]: hazard ratio=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.40~1.77, waist: hazard ratio=1.55, 95% CI=1.38~1.76, waist to hip ratio [WHR]: hazard ratio=1.53, 95% CI=1.24~1.89, body fat [BF] (%): hazard ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.27~1.61). Conclusion: An increase in BMI, waist circumference, and WHR, which are indicators of obesity, can exacerbate the risk factors for diabetes. Thus, a decrease in BMI, waist circumference, and WHR is necessary to prevent pre-diabetes. In particular, health care professionals should provide individualized weight management program interventions, including adult obesity programs and obesity counseling in partnership with local health departments, to reduce BMI and waist circumference in people at high risk for diabetes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6181-6184
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer in males and the fourth most frequent site in females, worldwide. This study is the first to explore the profile of lung cancer in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: Cases of primary lung cancer (Kuwaiti) in Kuwait cancer Registry (KCR) were grouped in 4 periods (10 years each) from 1970-2009. Epidemiological measures; age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), Standardized rate ratio (SRR) and Cumulative risk and Forecasting to year 2020-2029 used for analysis. Results: Between years, 2000-2009 lung cancer ranked the 4th and the 9th most frequent cancer in males and females respectively. M:F ratio 1:3. Mean age at diagnosis (95%CI) was 65.2 (63.9-66.4) years. The estimated risk of developing lung cancer before the age of 75 years in males is 1.8% (1/56), and 0.6 (1/167) in females. The ASIR for male cases was 11.7, 17.1, 17.0, 14.0 cases/100,000 population in the seventies, eighties, nineties and in 2000-2009 respectively. Female ASIR was 2.3, 8.4, 5.1, 4.4 cases/100,000 population in the same duration. Lung cancer is the leading cause cancer death in males 168 (14.2%) and the fifth cause of death due to cancer in females accounting for 6.1% of all cancer deaths. The ASMR (95%CI) was 8.1 (6.6-10.0) deaths/100,000 population and 2.8 (1.3-4.3) deaths/100,000 population in males and females respectively. The estimated Mortality to incidence Ratio was 0.6. Conclusions: The incidence of lung cancer between years 2000-2009 is not different from that reported in the seventies. KCR is expecting the number of lung cancer cases to increase.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5681-5684
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• 2014

Objective: Prevalence is a statistic of primary interest in public health. In the absence of good follow-up facilities, it is often difficult to assess the complete prevalence of cancer for a given registry area. An attempt is made to arrive at the complete prevalence including limited duration prevalence with respect of selected sites of cancer for India by fitting appropriate models to 1, 3 and 5 year cancer survival data available for selected registries of India. Methodology: Cancer survival data, available for the registries of Bhopal, Chennai, Karunagappally, and Mumbai was pooled to generate survival for the selected cancer sites. With the available data on survival for 1, 3 and 5 years, a model was fitted and the survival curve was extended beyond 5 years (up to 30 years) for each of the selected sites. This helped in generation of survival proportions by single year and thereby survival of cancer cases. With the help of estimated survived cases available year wise and the incidence, the prevalence figures were arrived for selected cancer sites and for selected periods. In our previous paper, we have dealt with the cancer sites of breast, cervix, ovary, lung, stomach and mouth (Takiar and Jayant, 2013). Results: The prevalence to incidence ratio (PI ratio) was calculated for 30 years duration for all the selected cancer sites using the model approach showing that from the knowledge of incidence and P/I ratio, the prevalence can be calculated. The validity of the approach was shown in our previous paper (Takiar and Jayant, 2013). The P/I ratios for the cancer sites of lip, tongue, oral cavity, hypopharynx, oesophagus, larynx, nhl, colon, prostate, lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia were observed to be 10.26, 4.15, 5.89, 2.81, 1.87, 5.43, 5.48, 5.24, 4.61, 3.42 and 2.65, respectively. Conclusion: Cancer prevalence can be readily estimated with use of survival and incidence data.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2219-2231
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 우리나라 30세 이상 성인들의 허혈성심장질환(ischemic heart disease, IHD) 발생률을 계산하고, 지질지표(콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤)가 허혈성심장질환 발생에 미치는 위험도를 파악하고자 19개 대학 및 종합병원의 건강검진센터에서 검진을 받은 417,642명을 대상으로 1993년 9월부터 2009년 6월까지 평균 8.5년동안 허혈성심장질환의 발생을 추적관찰하였다. 자료수집은 검진자들에 대한 설문조사지를 이용하였고, 허혈성심장질환의 발생여부는 국민건강보험공단의 데이터베이스에서 확인하였다. 발생률은 발생밀도로 계산하였고, 혈청지질 지표에 따른 허혈성심장질환의 발생 위험도는 콕스의 비례위험 회귀모형을 이용하여 연령, BMI, 생활양식을 보정한 상태에서 성별에 따른 위험요인별 위험비와 95% 신뢰구간을 계산하였다. 연구결과 TC/HDL 비의 증가에 따라 IHD의 발생 위험비는 남자에서 1.21배에서 1.84배까지, 여자는 1.26배에서 1.86배까지 증가하였으며, TG/HDL 비의 증가에 따른 IHD의 발생 위험비는 남자에서 1.17배에서 1.49배까지, 여자는 1.42배에서 1.97배까지, LDL/HDL 비에 따라 IHD의 발생 위험비는 남자에서 1.26배에서 1.82배까지, 여자는 1.26배에서 1.68배까지 증가하였다. 결론적으로 혈청지질지표는 심혈관질환의 중요한 위험요인으로 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 혈중 농도가 높을수록, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤은 낮을수록 IHD의 위험이 높아지는 것으로 나타났고, TC/HDL 비, TG/HDL 비, LDL/HDL 비에서 단독의 지질지표보다 위험도가 더 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 따라서 추후 허혈성 심장질환의 예방 및 관리에는 혈청지질지표의 비도 감안하여야 한다.