• Title/Summary/Keyword: inbred corn

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Evaluation of Genetic Heterogeniety among the Corn Landraces Collected from Farmer's Field

  • Kim, In-Jong;Min, Hwang-Kee;Park, Jong-Yeol;Choi, Ik-Young;Kim, Nam-Soo
    • Plant Resources
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 1998
  • This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.

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Genetic Diversity Among Waxy Corn Accessions in Korea Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

  • Park, Jun-Seong;Park, Jong-Yeol;Park, Ki-Jin;Lee, Ju-Kyong
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.250-257
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    • 2008
  • Knowledge of genetic diversity and of the genetic relationships among elite breeding materials has had a significant impact on the improvement of crops. In maize, this information is particularly useful in i) planning crosses for hybrid and line development, ii) in assigning lines to heterotic groups and iii) in plant variety protection. We have used the SSR technique to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 76 Korean waxy corn accessions, representing a diverse collection from throughout Korea. Assessment of genetic diversity among members of this group was conducted using 30 microsatellite markers. Among these 30 microsatellite markers, we identified a total of 127 alleles (with an average of 4.2 and a range of between 2 and 9 alleles per locus). Gene diversity at these 30 microsatellite loci varied from 0.125 to 0.795 with an average of 0.507. The cluster tree generated with the described microsatellite markers recognized two major groups with 36.5% genetic similarity. Group I includes 63 inbred lines, with similarity coefficients of between 0.365 and 0.99. Group II includes 13 inbred lines, with similarity coefficients of between 0.45 and 0.85. The present study indicates that the 30 microsatellite loci chosen for this analysis are effective molecular markers for the assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships between Korean waxy corn accessions. Specifically, this study's assessment of genetic diversity and relationships between a set of 76 Korean waxy corn inbred lines will be helpful for such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development and association mapping analyses of maize breeding programs in Korea.

Assessing Carotenoid Levels and Antioxidant Properties in Korean Sweet Corn Inbred Lines to Develop High-Quality Sweet Corn Varieties through Breeding (기능성 단옥수수 품종 육성을 위한 자식계통의 카로티노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성 평가)

  • Jun Young Ha;Seong-Hyu Shin;Young Sam Go;Hwan Hee Bae;Sang Gon Kim
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.68 no.2
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 2023
  • Sweet corn is widely consumed due to its high nutritional content and diverse phytochemical composition, including carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which have several benefits for human health. This study aims to identify breeding materials for developing high-functional sweet corn varieties by evaluating the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of 37 Korean sweet corn inbred lines. The results revealed genetic variation in various components, such as carotenoid content (range of 120.7~1239.3 mg 100 g-1), polyphenol content (490.5~740.6 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g-1), and flavonoid content (7.3~68.6 mg catechin equivalent 100 g-1). In addition, the free radical scavenging capacity, measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), also varied among the inbred lines. Therefore, in this study, we identified Korean sweet corn inbred lines with high phytochemical content and excellent antioxidant activity. The development of sweet corn varieties with improved functionality is expected to further expand the role of sweet corn as a source of antioxidants in the Korean diet.

Analysis of Morphological Characteristics Among Super Sweet Corn Inbred Lines (초당옥수수 자식계통들에 대한 형태적 특성 연구)

  • Ko, Woo Ri;Choi, Hong-Jib;Sa, Kyu Jin;Cho, Jin-Woong;Lee, Ju Kyong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.60 no.2
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    • pp.190-196
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    • 2015
  • We evaluated the morphological characteristics in 100 super sweet corn inbred lines, which were developed to breeding super sweet corn variety at Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, by examining six quantitative and two qualitative characteristics. On the result of evaluation of two qualitative traits, most of inbred lines showed yellow (91 inbred lines) at seed color (QL1) and weak (68 inbred lines) at seedling vigor (QL2). In the survey of six quantitative traits, the average value for each trait indicated as follows: days of tasseling (QN1, 41.0 to 55.0 days), days of silking (QN2, 44.0 to 59.0 days), anthesis-silking interval (QN3, 2.0 to 7.0 days), tillering (QN4, 0.0 to 2.0), plant height (QN5, 96.0 to 187.0 cm) and ear height (QN6, 30.0 to 86.0 cm). In PCAs (principal component analysis) for 8 morphological characteristics, seedling vigor (QL2) and tillering (QN4) greatly contributed in negative direction and the days of tasseling (QN1) and days of silking (QN2) greatly contributed in positive direction on the first principal component. While, ear height (QN6) and plant height (QN5) contributed in positive direction on the second principal component. Thus these morphological traits, which were greatly contributed in the first and second principal components, might be considered to be useful for discrimination in 100 super sweet corn inbred lines. In our study, the results of morphological variation and PCAs for 100 super sweet corn inbred lines will be helpful for super sweet corn breeding programs such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development.

A New White Waxy Corn 'Daedukchal 1' Hybrid with High Yield and High Table Quality

  • Lee, Hee-Bong;Choi, Yun-Pyo;Cha, Hui-Jeong;Lee, Moon-Sup;Bok, Tae-Kuy;Ryu, Ji-Hong;Choi, Hyeon-Gu;Joo, Jeong-Il;Jo, Yang-hee
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.212-217
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    • 2010
  • A new waxy corn hybrid 'Daedukchal 1' was developed from single cross between CNU 504 and CNU 2396 at Chungnam National University in 2007. Inbred CNU 504 used as a seed parent and inbred CNU 2396 as a pollen parent were collected throughout domestic regions. Tasseling date of this hybrid was seven days later than that of check hybrid, 'Chalok 1'. 'Daedukchal 1' was 19.7 cm in ear length and 4.5 cm in ear diameter. On yield trial, ear length of this hybrid was increased 29.7% compared with a check hybrid, 'Chalok 1'. 'Daedukchal 1' had white kernels and good eating quality due to high sugar content and thinner pericarp. The ratio of kernel set length/ear length was similar to 'Chalok 1'. It is moderately resistant to southern leaf blight and northern leaf blight but susceptible to corn borer. The yields of 'Daedukchal 1' in fresh ear weight and in number of fresh ear were 16% and 8%, respectively, higher than those of a check hybrid in regional yield trials for two years. Seed production for this hybrid was better because of the consistency of tasseling dates.

Profiling Metabolites Expressed Corn Root Under Waterlogging

  • Jae-Han Son;Young-Sam Go;Hwan-Hee Bae;Kyeong-Min Kang;Beom-Young Son;Seonghyu Shin;Tae-Wook Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.289-289
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    • 2022
  • Waterlogging tolerance of corn is one of the important factor for cultivate in paddy soil condition to increase cultivation area and self-sufficiency of corn in Korea. In order to develop elite waterlogging tolerance corn, the new corn lines bred by crossing wild corn, Teosinte, and cultivated corn inbred lines. Five accessions among the 2 species, Zea mays sub spp. mexicana and Zea mays spp. parviglumis, of 81 Teosinte were selected through the waterlogging treatment. The waterlogging treatments were implemented for 7 days at the seedling(V3) stage. The inbred lines were developed by crossing 5 teosinte accessions and cultivated corn lines and they were estimated waterlogging tolerance. It was screened and analyzed the metabolites extracted from roots of 19KT-32(KS141 × teosinte) that was treated waterlogging. We selected 8 of 180 metabolites like as γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), putrescine, citrulline, Gly, and Ala that expression was remarkably changed over 2.5-times, 7 metabolites increased and 1 metabolite decreased in waterlogging, respectively. Glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) catalyzing GABA accumulation gene have 10 haplotypes, and exon1 was highly conserved, but identified to 135 SNPs after the first intron. Among the 135 SNPs, the number of transversion mutations (52) surpassed the number of transition mutations (38). Most of metabolites were related to abiotic stress in plant that it regulated to pH, osmotic pressure K+/Ca++ and ATPase activity. We are analyzing the association using these results for increase breeding efficiency.

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Inheritance of Tolerance of Maize Inbreds to Exserohilum turcicum in North Korea

  • Kim, Soon-Kwon;Lee, Duk-Kyu;Lee, Joon-Ho;Jeong, Jae-Bong;Nwe, Win-Win;Han, Hyoung-Jai;Lee, Kwang-Soo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.91-106
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    • 2013
  • Exserohilum turcicum is considered serious destructive disease of maize (Zea mays L.) in North Korea. This study aimed to understand genetic inheritance and combining ability of newly bred lines of maize tolerant to E. turcicum by diallel crosses. Three diallel sets for two different ecological regions and one agronomic trait; eastern (E), northern (N) and stay green (SG) involving 29 inbred lines were tested in eight locations of 2000 and 2001. E. turcicum infections were under natural conditions, respectively. Lines used were selected for high yield potential in test crosses with good agronomic traits and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Selection for race specific high resistance to biotic stresses was avoided to select quantitatively inherited genes. Host plant responses to E. turcicum were rated on a scale of 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible). Highly significant variations were recorded in all trials. General combining ability (GCA) mean square was roughly twice that of specific combining ability (SCA). The genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction was highly significant. The overall results of genetic studies in three diallel sets show that genetic control for inbred tolerance to E. turcicum is polygenic and quantitatively inherited. New inbreds; E-3, N-1 and SG-4 confer better tolerance to E. turcicum than the widely used inbreds; Mo17, and B73. Proper use of genetic information from this study shall increase of corn production under high E. turcicum infection in the Far Eastern Regions of Korea and China.

Agricultural Characteristics of Inbred Korean Waxy Corn Lines and Relationships (국내 찰옥수수 계통의 농업형질 특성 및 연관 연구)

  • Jun Young Ha;Young Sam Go;Jae Han Son;Beom Young Son;Tae Wook Jung;Hwan Hee Bae
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.67 no.4
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    • pp.265-273
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    • 2022
  • Waxy corn (Zea mays L.), which contains homozygous mutant alleles for the waxy1 (wx1) gene, is widely consumed as a snack food in Asia. This study evaluated sixteen agronomic characteristics of inbred Korean waxy corn lines to aid development of high-quality waxy corn cultivars. The plant materials studied were 177 inbred waxy corn lines developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. For the tested lines, days to tasseling and silking averaged 77.69±2.22 days (with a range of 56-97 days), and 81.12±7.56 days (66-99 days), respectively. Plant length ranged from 88 to 237 cm (averaged 164.88±22.67 cm), ear length averaged 11.75±2.52 cm (5.0-18.5 cm), and ear width averaged 2.94±0.68 cm (1.4-4.5 cm). The number of rows on each ear of corn averaged 12.22±2.22 (7-32 rows) and the kernel number averaged 24.30±4.22 (9-37 kernels) per row. The crude protein content was 12.05±1.53% (8.90-21.80%) and total starch content was 69.27±5.74% (49.5-83.9%). Principal component analysis revealed that ear width, grain length, ear length, days to tasseling, days to silking, percentage of ear setting height, and total starch are features that allow distinction between the 177 waxy inbred corn lines. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified twelve waxy inbred lines that produce tall plants and have a short silking period. These lines may improve yield among quickly growing corn varieties.

Characteristics of Early Growth in Inbred Line of Dangyang Waxy Maize ("단양찰" 자식계통의 초기생육 특성)

  • Ji, Hee Chung;Kim, Choong-Soo;Lee, Hee-Bong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this research was to know useful genetic characteristics for breeding program of corn. These materials were inbreds after selfing of six or eight generations and had useful genetic informations. The emergence of Danyang Waxy Corn was faster than those of other inbred lines at 2~3 days in field conditions. The plant height of Dangyang Waxy Corn was the highest at 8 days after emergence. However the plant height of New Dangjin was the shortest with 6.25cm at 8 days after emergence, the fresh weight of New Dangjin was 0.046g at 2 days after emergence but that of Dangyang was the heaviest with 0.180g. The fresh weight of 9 inbred lines had more increments in 2 days after emergence. The mean values of dry weight also showed similar trends in 9 inbred lines. The shoot dry weight of inbred lines, Dangyang and New Dangjin was 0.045g and 0.018g at 8 days after emergence, respectively. The root length of inbred line, Dangyang, was the longest with 64.4cm at 8 days after emergence. But the root length of New Dangjin was the shortest with 20.4cm at 8 days after emergence. The fresh weight of endosperm was 0.35g at 2 days after emergence and 0.26g at 8 days after emergence in Dangyang Waxy Corn, because of reduced nutrition of endosperm.

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Screening of Resistant Lines and Yield Losses to F1 Corn from Feeding by the Aphid and Mite (진딧물과 응애 가해에 의한 옥수수 F1의 수량감소율 과 저항성계통 선발)

  • Lee, Joon-Soo;Kim, Soon-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.555-564
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    • 2010
  • Aphid and mite are the major insects that harm corn. These insects are difficult to control because they are very sensitive to environmental conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to information the loss in quantity of corn and to select inbred lines with resistance after exposing corn to aphid and mite. When exposed to aphid, the average loss in grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness were 18.4, 10.9, 1.7, 5.4, 2.3, 1.5 and -0.2%, respectively. When exposed to mite, the average loss in grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness were 49.7, 16.5, 20.7, 18.9, 9.5, and -3.4, respectively. Mite had more significant impact on the loss than aphid. Among these factors, grain yield and ear dimater were most significantly correlated on the loss to aphid ($r=0.83^{**}$), while kernel length and thickness were most significantly correlated on the loss to mite ($r=0.83^{**}$). However, ear length was not related to loss to the two insects. The inbred lines that were often used for $F_1$ hybrid which was lower than the average loss by aphid, were KS7, B68, 61B3, 70A1, and KS5, while the inbred lines that were often used for $F_1$ hybrid which was lower than the average decrease by mite, were KS7, B68, 61B3, 66B2-4, 70A1, 72B2, and KS5. These inbred lines could be used to breed inbred lines, hybrid, and open pollination variety that confer resistant to aphid and mite.