• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.949-954
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• 2006

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop, accounting for 48% of the world market in oil crops. Improvement of the quality and quantity of soybean seed constituents is one of the most important objectives in soybean breeding. Protein content and seed size are important properties to determine the quality of tofu and soy sprouts respectively. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control seed weight, protein and oil content in soybean. The 117 $F_{2:10}$ recombinant inbred lines (RlL) developed from a cross of 'Keunolkong' and 'Shinpaldalkong' were used. Narrow-sense heritability estimates based on a plot mean on seed weight, protein and oil content were 0.8, 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Four independent QTLs for seed weight were identified from linkage group (LG) F, I and K. Five QTL for protein content were located on LG D1b, E, H, I and L. Oil content was related with six QTLs located on LG D1b, E, G, I, J and N. Protein and oil content have three common QTLs on LG D1b, E and I. Thus, we identified major loci improving soybean seed quality.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.293-299
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• 1985

This study is to verify the protective ability against experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis by immunization with Naegleria fowleri in mice. Naegleria fewleri, strain 0359, and Naegleria gruberi, strain EGB, were used in this study, and cultured in CGVS medium akenically. Inbred BALB/C mice, weighing about 20g, were immunized by three intraperitoneal injection of $1{\times}10^6$ N. fowleri trophozoites at the interval of one week. This N. fowleri trophozoites antigen was fixed with 5% formaldehyde. N. fowleri trophozoites from culture were homogenized with soiicator at $4^{\circ}C$ as monitored by phase contrast microscopy, and their membrane and cell content preparations were made for the immunization of mice. Their inoculation dose in volume was equivalent to the $1{\times}10^6$ trophozoites in each injection for immunization. And N. gruberi trophosoites, whieh was fixed with 5% formaldehyde, were also used for immunisation. Mice were inoculated intranasally with $5{\times}10^4$ N. fowleri trophozoites in a 511 suspension under anesthesia by as intraperitoneal injection of about 1 mg secobarbiturate. Nervousness, rotation or sluggish behaviour were observed in the mice which were infected with N. fewleri. Necrotic lesion was demonstrated in the anterior portion of brain, especially in the olfactory lobe. The inflammatory cell infiltration with numerous H. fowleri trophozoites was noticed. This pathological changes were more extensive in the control than in the experimental groups. Mice were dead due to experimental primary amoebic meningoencephalitis that developed between 8 days and 23 days after inoculation. Mortality rate of the mice was low in the immunized experimental group. Mean survival time, which is the survival duration of mice from the infection to death, was prolonged significantly in the immunized mice except in the mice immunized with JV, fowleri membrane. Even in the mice immunized with N. gruberi, survival time was delayed. In summary, the effectiveness of immunization is demonstrated in terms of protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1973

Monosodium glutamate(MSG) is a widely used food additive. Some reports descried its positive effect and the others, negative effect on mouse, monkey, human or drosophilid flies. Because of the conflicting reports the present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of MSG on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. The two strains of D. melanogaster, Oregon-R and Sinchon-I were used and MSG as well as cane sugar (as the second control) media were prepared by adding MSG or cane sugar at various concentrations to the standard food media for the present study. Ten flies (Male 5, Female 5) were placed in each vial and the numbers of $F_1$ flies emerged from it were counted. The results are presented below: 1. The numbers of $F_1$ flies decrease as the concentrations of MSG increase, implying that MSG has an inhibitory effect in the development of D. melanogaster. 2. The effects of cane sugar show an enhancing effect rather than an inhibitory one. 3. The numbers of $F_1$ fies produced in the Sinchon-I strain are greater than in the Oregon-R. This may be due to the difference in the length of inbred period. 4. The Muller-5 test shows a negative result, suggesting that MSG may be not mutagenic.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.634-639
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• 2006

In order to develop a disease-resistant root stock for the growth of watermelon, an efficient regeneration system of the gourd(Lagenaria leucantha Duch.) inbred line GO701-2 via organogenesis was established in this experiment. Using proximal parts of cotyledon explant excised from germinated seedling in vitro, maximum adventitious shoot formation (39%) was achieved on MS medium where cytokinin (BA) and auxin (IAA) were added at a concentration of 3mg/L and 0.1mg/L, respectively. Roots of the elongated shoots were successfully formed on MS medium without adding any plant growth regulators. The cucumber CsGolS1 gene known as a resistance gene against biotic and abiotic stresses, was constructed into the binary vector pBI121 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. When the gene was introduced into the genome of gourd by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, putative transgenic plants were obtained with the transformation efficiency of approximately 20 percent.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2001

This study was carried out to obtain a basic intonation for the development of a new com hybird with tillers. Materials used in this study were 20 lines having three to four tillers per plant including the PI213749 U.S. line with non-tillers. These 20 lines were compared for the botanical characteristics and genetic distances were measured using RAPD analysis. Flowering date of the K15 was very earlier, while the K07 was very late in flowering date. Stem height and ear height were similar except for K04 and the K15. K06, K13 and K19 lines were appeared to be resistant to lodging due to decreased ear height. Number of tillers per plant of lines used were shown three to five on average. K09 showed the highest kernel yield, while the K08 was low. Among characteristics measured tiller per plant and flowering dates, and silking dates showed a positive correlation, while 100 kernels weight, flowering date and ear height were shown a negative with tillers per plant. A total of 17 bands by RAPD analysis using four per primer were appeared and these lines were classified into three groups, especially the third group could be classified into of four sub-groups.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.497-502
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• 2012

Since the year 2000, the production and consumption of broccoli have rapidly increased in Korea. And, the average production area and amount were about 1,700 ha and 29,000 ton for the past 5 years. Even with the increase of these cultivation and consumption, more than 95% of the broccoli seeds are currently imported from foreign countries such as Japan and Netherlands. Therefore, development of domestic broccoli varieties is needed to relieve Korean farmers' production cost for broccoli. In this situation, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Korea has tried to develop F1 hybrid varieties from elite lines that were obtained by microspore cultivation method from 2008. As the results, about 850 lines of broccoli were obtained and self-pollinated. Then their ploidy levels of the genome were confirmed to select double haploid (D.H.) lines. And the D.H. lines' horticultural traits were evaluated in open field. After the selection of 17 elite D.H. lines, they were cross-pollinated with a male sterile (MS) line to produce F1 hybrid seeds. After 2 to 3 years field trials of these F1 hybrid varieties at the area of Suwon, Gangneung, and Jeju respectively, two hybrid varieties such as 'Wongyo8011' and 'Wongyo8012' are selected for the application of variety protection. With these 4 years of research, we found that the microspore cultivation method is a powerful tool for the conventional breeding program, especially for the development of various inbred lines and even F1 hybrid varieties in short time.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2009

Wished to examine closely effect that SoPungDoJeokTang-KaMi (SPDJTK) medicines used to atopy dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. SPDJTK medicines controlled $CD4^+/IFN-\gamma$, and $CD4^+/CD25^+/foxp3^+$ revelation that an experiment that motive allergy immune reponse because an in vitro experiment stimulates T cells of a NC/Nga mouse same time by anti-CD40/rmIL-4, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and TGF-$\beta$ mRNA outturn that bear in T and B cells decreased remarkably by SPDJTK medicines. Intracellular staining of splenocytes anti-CD40/rmIL-4 plus rmIL-4 stimulated as described in a, assessed after 24 h, SPDJTK exerts a mainly immunosuppressive effect that acts at least partially through suppression of the transcription factor GATA3 expression in $CD4^+$ T cells. Atopic dermatitis (AD) usually develops in patients with an individual or family history of allergic diseases, and is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation seen specially in childhood, association with IgE hyperproduction and precipitation by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD has been unclear. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, a suitable animal model is required. We found that skin lesions, which were clinically and histologically very similar to human AD, mite antigen-induced dermatitis on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin of inbred NC/Nga mice. Result that Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by cytokine expression with $CD4^+/CD25^+/foxp3^+$ Treg cells induction by SPDJTK medicines could know that SPDJTK medicines can use usefully in allergy autoimmnune diease.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

Objective: The objectives of this study were to analyze efficacy of immature and mature mouse oocytes after vitrification and warming by applying various combinations of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and/or super-rapid cooling using slush nitrogen ($SN_2$). Methods: Four-week old ICR female mice were superovulated for GV- and MII-stage oocytes. Experimental groups were divided into two groups. Ethylene glycol (EG) only group: pre-equilibrated with 1.5 M EG for 2.5 minutes and then equilibrated with 5.5 M EG and 1.0 M sucrose for 20 seconds. EG+dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group: pre-equilibrated with 1.3 M EG+1.1 M DMSO for 2.5 minutes and equilibrated with 2.7 M EG+2.1 M DMSO+0.5 M sucrose for 20 seconds. The oocytes were loaded onto grids and plunged into $SN_2$or liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$). Stored oocytes were warmed by a five-step method, and then their survival, maturation, cleavage, and developmental rates were observed. Results: The EG only and EG+DMSO groups showed no significant difference in survival of immature oocytes vitrified after warming. However, maturation and cleavage rates after conventional insemination were greater in the EG only group than in the EG+DMSO group. In mature oocytes, survival, cleavage, and blastocyst formation rates after warming showed no significant difference when EG only or EG+DMSO was applied. Furthermore, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of MII oocytes vitrified using $SN_2$ were increased in both the EG only and EG+DMSO groups. Conclusion: A combination of CPAs in oocyte cryopreservation could be formulated according to the oocyte stage. In addition, $SN_2$ may improve the efficiency of vitrification by reducing cryoinjury.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2002

Experiments were carried out to select the rusty tolerance lines in 39 inbred lines of ginseng cultivated in field, among them, 7 lines showed low degree of rusty root while 7 lines showed high degree of rusty root. In order to select marker elements among mineral nutrients for rusty ginseng root, we combined 5 groups as follows : Ⅰ (healthy-root of low rusty degree lines vs. rusty-root of high rusty degree lines), II (healthy-root vs. rusty-root in low rusty degree lines), Ⅲ (healthy-root vs. rusty-root in high rusty degree lines), Ⅳ (low rusty degree lines vs. high rusty degree lines in rusty-root), Ⅴ (low rusty degree lines vs. high rusty degree lines in healthy-root), and analyzed mineral nutrition at different root parts. The contents of mineral nutritions in stele and cortex were not different between healthy lines and rusty lines, and between healthy roots and rusty roots, but that in branch and fine roots were not a tendency. The contents of Fe, Na and Al in epidermis were higher in rusty-root than healthy-root. Also, the contents of Fe and Al in epidermis of high rusty degree lines (HRL) were higher than those of low rusty degree lines (LRL) in healthy-roots and rusty-roots, and so we suggest Fe and Al as markers to select low rusty degree ginseng lines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 1989

Anther and/or tissue culture of cross pollinated crops would be very important because it can result in the direct use of haploids or doubled haploids for developing superior hybrids or varieties. The objective of the study was to investigate the response frequencies in anther and/or tissue-cultured hybrids of corn. pearl millet and buckwheat to identify agronomically acceptable germplasm of the crops. 27 crosses of corn inbred lines were evaluated by plating their anthers on N6. MS and Yu-Pei media. Two genotypes of FR1l41/FR16 hybrid cultured on N6 medium and Fla 2BT73/S6013 hybrid cultured on N6 medium responded with one anther producing calli when plated after 5$^{\circ}C$ low temperature treatment for one week. Immature embryos of corn hybrid Suwon 19 responded producing calli that were regenerated to plants at a 8.6 percent success rate. Of the 20 corn hybrids. immature tessels of FR1l41/FR16. B68/A1l6N//KS15. KS16/KS17. GA209/DB578 and SDB126/GA209 crosses responded at a relatively higher success rate producing calli that were regenerated to plants. In tissue culture of elongating culms of pearl millet x Napier grass interspecific hybrid. 2.5-4.0mm long pieces of the culm were good for callus induction resulting in higher success rate. The epicotyl of buckwheat was very good for tissue culture. and the node produced the plants regenerated directly without callus induction on the B5 medium containing I ppm BA and 0.05 ppm IBA. There were great differences in response to anther and/or tissue culture of corn, pearl millet and buckwheat due to genotype x medium and environment interactions.